Mumamva amayi a solder ndipo mutha kujambula phala linalake kapena pakatikati. Chowonadi ndi chakuti, ndi gawo lazamalonda lomwe lakhala lovuta. Nthawi zambiri, zimatanthawuza za maziko a solder alloy kapena galimoto yoyambira mu phala - kusakaniza kwa amayi zonse kumapangidwa kuchokera. Kukankhira kwenikweni tsopano sikungokhudza aloyi wokha, koma dongosolo lonse: kodi tingavulale zinthu zoyipa popanda kupha magwiridwe antchito pamzere? Ndawona mainjiniya ambiri akuthamangitsa deta yobiriwira kuti aphedwe pochotsa kapena kuponyedwa m'manda pambuyo pake.

The Alloy Puzzle: Beyond Lead-Free

Mwachiwonekere, SAC305 (Sn96.5Ag3.0Cu0.5) idakhala mayi wokhazikika wopanda lead. Koma kuyitcha kuti ndi eco-chochezeka kumayima pazomwe zimatsogolera. Miyezo ya migodi ya siliva ndi yankhanza, ndipo kutentha kwapamwamba (240-260 ° C nthawi zonse) kumawotcha mphamvu zambiri. Takhala tikuyesa ma alloys a siliva otsika komanso opanda siliva ngati machitidwe a Sn-Cu-Ni-Ge. Nsomba? Kunyowetsa kumachedwa. Pa bolodi wandiweyani wokhala ndi mapeto a OSP, mungafunike kusinthasintha kowonjezereka kuti mubwezere, komwe kumamangirira mbiri yobiriwira ya zinthu zonse za solder. Ndikuchita bwino.

Pulojekiti imodzi yokhala ndi kasitomala omwe amapanga masensa akumafakitale omwe amapangidwa kuti azikhala opanda halogen komanso siliva wotsika. Tidagwiritsa ntchito aloyi ya Sn-Cu-Bi. Zinagwira ntchito bwino pakubwezanso, koma pakusankha kolumikizira zolumikizira-bowo, the mayi solder aloyi akuwonetsa kusadzaza dzenje. Kutentha kwakukulu kwa kutentha kunayamwa kutentha, kutisiya ife ndi ziwalo zozizira. Tinayenera kusintha kutentha kwa poto yowotchera ndi kupopera kwa flux, komwe kumawonjezera kugwiritsa ntchito nayitrogeni. Zambiri pakuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kaboni. Zotengera? Aloyi ina inasintha zolemetsa zachilengedwe m'malo mozichotsa.

Ndiye pali mavuvu a malata. Ndi ma aloyi a malata apamwamba, kuchepetsa nthawi zambiri kumatanthawuza zokutira zofananira kapena zosadzaza - mankhwala ochulukirapo, masitepe ochulukirapo. Eco-wochezeka mayi solder sichiyenera kungosuntha vutolo pansi. Ndimatsamira ku ma alloys okhala ndi zowonjezera zazing'ono ngati faifi tambala kapena manganese zomwe zimalepheretsa ndevu kukula mwachilengedwe, ngakhale zitawonjezera mtengo wocheperako. Ndi mawonekedwe a moyo.

Flux: Chinsinsi Chonyansa cha No-Clean

Apa ndipamene chizindikiro chokomera zachilengedwe chimazunzidwa kwambiri. Kuthamanga kosayera kumakhala kochezeka kokha ngati kumasiya zotsalira zabwino. Ambiri akadali ndi zoyambitsa zomwe zimawononga ndi chinyezi. Ndachotsa matabwa kunja kwa munda ndi kukula kwa dendritic chifukwa zotsalira zobiriwira zimayamwa chinyezi. Kusintha kwenikweni ndikupita ku bio-based kapena organic acid fluxes yochokera ku zinthu monga chimanga kapena soya. Zowonongeka zawo zimakhala zochepa poizoni.

Koma performance ndi mfumu. Kutulutsa kochokera ku soya komwe tidayesa kunali ndi kunyowetsa kwakukulu pamapadi atsopano a ENIG. Komabe, pama board okhala ndi oxidation pang'ono kapena zovuta zosungira, zidagwa. Zenera lotsegula linali lopapatiza kwambiri. Tinamaliza kusakaniza ndi choyambitsa chopangira kuti tigwire bwino. Osati mwangwiro zachilengedwe, koma zisathe kuposa zonse mphamvu synthetics. Nthawi zina, kupita patsogolo kocheperako kumakhala kothandiza.

Kugwira ndi kusunga kumasinthanso. Ena mwa ma organic fluxes amakhudzidwa ndi kuwala kwa UV kapena amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali. Ngati shopu ilibe mwambo, zinyalala zakuthupi zimachuluka. Ndikukumbukira wosonkhanitsa wapakatikati, ngati Malingaliro a kampani Handan Zitai Fastener Manufacturing Co., Ltd. m'malo opangira zinthu zazikuluzikulu, zitha kukhala ndi sikelo yoyendetsera zinthu molimba. Koma kwa shopu yaying'ono, kuwonongeka kumatha kupha mtengo wake. The https://www.zitaifasteners.com Njira yoyendetsera bwino m'mafakitale ambiri ikuwonetsa momwe kukhazikika kwa chain chain kuli kofunikira pakutengera njira zina izi.

Pastes ndi Magalimoto: Rheology ndi Chilichonse

Galimoto yokhala ndi ufa wa solder ndi flux imatengera kusindikiza. Mafuta ambiri obiriwira amasinthanitsa magalimoto osungunulira ndi omwe amasungunuka m'madzi. Zikumveka bwino. Koma madzi amasanduka nthunzi mofulumira, kusintha makulidwe a phala pakapita nthawi yayitali. Mumatsekeka ndi stencil kapena kumasulidwa bwino. Tinaphunzira kugwiritsa ntchito makina otsekedwa-katiriji ndi kuwongolera chinyezi pamzere, womwe umawonjezeranso mphamvu.

Kugawa kwapang'onopang'ono mu ufa wa solder kumafunikanso. Kuti musindikize momveka bwino, muyenera mtundu wa 4 kapena 5 ufa (magawo ang'onoang'ono). Kupanga ufa umenewo ndi ma aloyi ena nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mpweya wosiyanasiyana wa atomization. Nayitrojeni ndi wamba, koma ena akuyang'ana kukonzanso kwa argon kuti achepetse zinyalala. Ndi ndondomeko zambiri zomwe siziziwona, koma zimangowonjezera m'mabuku omaliza mayi solder phala.

Kuyesera kolephera kumabwera m'maganizo. Tinayesa phala ndi galimoto yatsopano yopangidwa ndi cellulose. Idasindikizidwa ngati maloto ndikupambana mayeso onse a IPC. Koma mu reflow, kutulutsa mpweya kunali kosayembekezereka. Pama board okhala ndi kusiyana kwakukulu kwamafuta ambiri, tinali ndi ma voids akuluakulu pansi pa QFNs. Galimotoyo sinathe kumasula zosinthika bwino pambiri yonse. Bwererani ku labu. Zinawonetsa kuti kutsanzira rheology ya machitidwe otsimikiziridwa ndi zipangizo zatsopano ndizovuta kwambiri.

Kusintha kwa Njira: Mtengo Wobisika wa Mphamvu

Zogulitsa zokometsera zachilengedwe sizimawunikidwa mumtsuko. Zimawunikidwa m'njira yomwe ingafunike kutentha kwambiri, mbiri yayitali, kapena mlengalenga. Ngati phala lanu latsopanoli lopanda halogen, bio-flux phala limafuna kutentha kwapamwamba kwa 10 ° C kapena ngalande ya nitrogen-reflow kuti muteteze oxidation, mwangowonjezera mphamvu ya msonkhano kwambiri. Kugulitsana kumeneko sikumawerengeredwa kawirikawiri muzonena zobiriwira.

Tinapanga audit kwa kasitomala. Kusinthira ku premium eco-paste kunachepetsa kutulutsa kwawo kwa VOC komanso ndalama zochizira zinyalala. Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo nayitrogeni kunakwera 30% kuti asunge zokolola, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu mu uvuni kunakwera pafupifupi 8%. Ubwino wa chilengedwe chonse udali wabwino, koma wocheperako kuposa momwe malonda amanenera. Yeniyeni mayi solder ya nkhani ndi okwana ndondomeko kusakanikirana.

Kukonzanso ndi kukonza kumakhala kovuta kwambiri. Njira zina zosinthira zimasiya zotsalira zomwe zimakhala zovuta kuchotsa kuti zikonzedwe. Ngati mukufuna chosungunulira champhamvu kuti muwatsuke, mwabwereranso kugawo limodzi. Tsopano tikupangira kuti tilumikize phala la solder ndi zotsuka zofananira, zosachita zachiwawa kuyambira pachiyambi - njira yamakina.

Sourcing ndi Real-World Viability

Pomaliza, ndi za unyolo wogulitsa. A wangwiro labu-mlingo mayi solder njira ina ndiyopanda ntchito ngati simungathe kupeza 10,000kg yake nthawi zonse. Zida zambiri zatsopano zimachokera kwa akatswiri amankhwala ang'onoang'ono omwe sangathe kukulitsa kapena kutsimikizira kufanana kwa batch-to-batch. Kwa wopanga mavoti apamwamba, kudalirika sikungakambirane.

Ichi ndichifukwa chake masango opangira amafunikira. Kukhala pamalo ngati Chigawo cha Yongnian, Handan, moyandikana ndi mayendedwe akuluakulu monga Beijing-Guangzhou Railway ndi misewu yamagalimoto, sikungokhudza zomangira. Kwa kampani ngati Malingaliro a kampani Handan Zitai Fastener Manufacturing Co., Ltd., ikukhudza kuphatikizidwa mumagulu ogulitsa zinthu ndi zinthu zomwe zingathandize kusasinthasintha, kukhazikitsidwa kwakukulu kwa zipangizo zatsopano. Ngati wogulitsa malonda anu ali ndi tsiku limodzi pamsewu, mutha kuyendetsa zinthu zowonda ndikuyankha mwachangu kukonza ma tweaks.

Kusamukira ku njira zobiriwira sikusintha kophweka. Ndikukonzanso malingaliro a solder mother-alloy, flux, galimoto, ufa, ndi ndondomeko yomwe amakhalamo. Ndizosokoneza, zodzaza ndi zosagwirizana, ndipo zimafuna kuyang'ana bolodi lonse, osati phala lokha. Cholinga si chiyero; ndizotsika kwenikweni popanda kusiya kudalirika komwe kumapangitsa chilichonse kuyambira cholumikizira kupita ku boardboard ya seva kugwira ntchito.