
2026-01-14
Ubona ‘amabhawodi anombala azinc-plated’ eshidini elithile noma kuwebhusayithi yabahlinzeki, futhi ukusabela ngokushesha kulayini wethu womsebenzi ngokuvamile kuyingxube yokungabaza kanye nelukuluku. Ingabe i-gimmick nje yokumaketha, indlela yokukhokhisa ngaphezulu isibambiso esijwayelekile esinodeshi kapende? Noma ingabe kukhona ukuphikisana kwangempela kobunjiniyela kanye nemvelo engcwatshwe ngaphansi kwalolo ngqimba lwe-pigment? Ngichithe iminyaka ngithola futhi ngihlola izixhumi zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene zangaphandle nezakhiwo, futhi ngingakutshela, ingxoxo ezungeze lezi zingxenye akuvamile ukuba ibe mnyama nokumhlophe—noma kulokhu, isiliva nokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Isimangalo sokusimama siyihhuku langempela, kodwa sihlanganiswe nezinganekwane zokusebenza, ikhemikhali yokugqoka, kanye namanye amaqiniso aqinile avela phansi efektri.
Ake sinqamule umbono wokuqala oyiphutha: umbala awuwona ngokuyinhloko ukubukeka. Impela, ivumela ukubhala ngekhodi ekuhlanganiseni noma ekufaniseni kwezakhiwo, okunenani. Kodwa ngomqondo osebenzayo, lelojazi lombala—imvamisa ukuguquguquka kwechromate ngodayi noma i-organic sealant—liyihhashi langempela lomsebenzi. Ukufakwa kwezinki okujwayelekile okucacile noma okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kunikeza isivikelo sokugqwala komhlatshelo, kodwa ubude bayo bempilo ngokumelene nokugqwala okumhlophe, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziswakeme noma ezisogwini, kungaba bufushane ngokudumazayo. Isendlalelo esinombala, ngokuvamile esiwugqinsi se-trivalent noma esingasi-hexavalent se-chromate, sisebenza njengesithiyo esiqine kakhulu. Ivala i-zinc plating ngaphansi. Ngibone izingxenye ezijwayelekile ezicacile ze-zinc ezivela ku-batch zibonisa ukugqwala okumhlophe ngemva kwamahora angu-48 ekuhlolweni kwesifutho sikasawoti, kuyilapho eziphuzi eziphuma kuqeqebana elifanayo zazihlanzekile ngamahora angu-96. Umehluko awuwona izimonyo; kuwukuthuthuka okuyisisekelo kokumelana nokugqwala.
Lokhu kuholela ngqo ku-engeli yokusimama. Uma ibhawudi lihlala izikhathi ezimbili noma ezintathu ngaphambi kokugqwala, wehlisa imvamisa yokushintshwa, udoti wezinto ezibonakalayo, kanye nomsebenzi/amandla okulungisa. Lokho kuyinzuzo yomjikelezo wokuphila obambekayo. Kodwa-futhi kukhulu kodwa-lokhu kuncike ngokuphelele kubuqotho baleyo nqubo yokuhlanganisa imibala. Ukugeza okungalawulwa kahle, isikhathi sokucwiliswa esingahambisani, noma ukuhlanzwa okunganele kungakushiya nengxenye ebukeka iyinhle lapho ufika kodwa ehluleka ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Umbala ungafihla inqwaba yezono kusendlalelo se-zinc engaphansi, yingakho ukwethemba ukulawulwa kwenqubo yomphakeli wakho kungaxoxiswana.
Ngikhumbula iphrojekthi yomgwaqo ohamba ngasolwandle. Umakhi wayefuna isiphetho esithile sethusi esimnyama. Sithole amabhawodi anemibala e-zinc-plated lokho kufanelana ngokuphelele. Ngokubukeka, ayengenasici. Phakathi nezinyanga ezingu-18, sase sinemibiko yokugqwala. Ukuhlaziywa kwangemva kokwehluleka kwabonisa ukuthi ungqimba lwezinc lwaluncane futhi lunamachibi; ijazi elihle langaphezulu lalimane lifihle umsebenzi wokucwebeza osezingeni eliphansi. Umkhiqizo oqhubekayo, wempilo ende waba umthombo wokwehluleka ngaphambi kwesikhathi kanye nokumosha. Isifundo bekungekona ukuthi ubuchwepheshe bubi, kodwa ukuthi ukusebenza kwabo kuncike ngokuphelele kwinqubo.
Ukushayela kokusimama kushintshe ngokuyisisekelo ikhemistri engemuva kwalezi zimbotshana. Amashumi eminyaka, izinga legolide lokumelana nokugqwala okuphezulu kwakuyisendlalelo se-hexavalent chromate (Hex-Cr) passivation. Ikhiqize lezo ziphetho ezihlukile eziphuzi noma ezikhanyayo futhi yayisebenza ngendlela emangalisayo. Kodwa futhi inobuthi obuphezulu futhi i-carcinogenic, okuholela emithethweni eqinile yezemvelo nezokuphepha kwabasebenzi (RoHS, REACH). Ukubiza i-Hex-Cr coated bolt ukuthi isimeme kungaba yinto ehlekisayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ihlala isikhathi eside kangakanani.
Ukuqamba okusha—isinyathelo sangempela esimeme—kube ukuthuthukiswa kwe-chromate trivalent esebenzayo kanye ne-non-chromium (isb., i-zirconium-based, silica-based) izembatho zokuguqulwa ezingaba nombala. Lezi aziyingozi kakhulu. Lapho umphakeli ethanda I-Handan Zitai Fetesser Comment Co, Ltd. ikhuluma ngokufakwa kwe-zinc enemibala manje, cishe impela ibhekisa kulawa makhemikhali amasha. Akhiwe e-Yongnian, isizinda sokukhiqizwa kwe-fastener yase-China, asendaweni okumele ivumelane ngokushesha nezimo zemvelo zomhlaba wonke. Ukushintsha akuyona inketho kubathumeli.
Nokho, impikiswano yokulingana kokusebenza ingokoqobo. Ama-chromates asekuqaleni kwe-trivalent awazange afane nezindawo zokuziphilisa ze-Hex-Cr noma ukumelana nesifutho sikasawoti. Ubuchwepheshe bubambe ngokuphawulekayo, kodwa budinga ukulawulwa kwenqubo okunembe kakhudlwana. I-chemistry yokugeza ayithetheleli kangako. Ngike ngaba nezimpendulo zobuchwepheshe ezivela ezinkampanini zamakhemikhali ezinamathelayo ziyavuma ukuthi uma i-pH noma izinga lokushisa likhukhuleka, ukungaguquguquki kombala nokusebenza kokugqwala kwezinqubo ezincanyana kungahluka kakhulu kunezinga elidala, elinobuthi. Ngakho-ke, enye indlela esimeme idinga ubuchwepheshe obuphezulu kumkhiqizi. Akuyona into elula yokufaka esikhundleni.
Lapho ubhoboza phansi lapho lezi amabhawodi anemibala e-zinc-plated ivela, ivolumu enkulu igeleza phakathi kwamaqoqo afana ne-Yongnian District e-Handan. Ukuqoqwa kolwazi nengqalasizinda lapho kuyamangaza. Inkampani efana ne-Handan Zitai Fastener, ebekwe eduze kwemizila emikhulu yezokuthutha, ihlanganisa isikali namandla alesi sisekelo. Bangakwazi ukuphatha lonke iketango: isihloko esibandayo, ukuthunga, ukwelashwa kokushisa, ukucwenga, nokufaka imibala. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa okuqondile kuyisihluthulelo sokulawula ikhwalithi enqubweni ebucayi njengokucwecwa okunemibala.
Kodwa isikali siletha ezaso izinselelo. Ngesikhathi sokufunwa okuphezulu, ngibone ukungaguquguquki kwekhwalithi kuhlupheka endaweni yonke. Isiteji sombala, ngokuvamile isinyathelo sokugcina, singaba ibhodlela. Ukuhlanza okusheshayo noma izikhathi zokumisa ezifinyeziwe ngaphambi kokupakishwa kungaholela ebaleni lokugcina elimanzi—ukugqwala okwenzeka endleleni ngenxa yokuthi umswakama oyinsalela uvaleleke kubhawodi. Uthola ibhokisi lamabhawodi anemibala emihle aseqala ukugqwala okumhlophe emifantwini. Lokhu akukhona ukwehluleka komqondo womkhiqizo, kodwa kwezinto zokukhiqiza kanye namasango ekhwalithi. Kuyisikhumbuzo esisebenzayo sokuthi ukusimama akukhona nje mayelana nekhemikhali yokugqoka; imayelana nayo yonke isiyalo sokukhiqiza esivimbela ukumosha.
Iwebhusayithi yabo, zitasteners.com, ikhombisa ububanzi—kusuka kokujwayelekile ukuya ku-galvanized I-zinc-plated enemibala ongakhetha kukho. Ongakuboni ukutshalwa kwezimali okungemuva kwesigcawu ekuhlanzeni amanzi angcolile emigqeni yabo yokucwenga, okuyingxenye enkulu yezindleko zangempela zemvelo. Ukuzibophezela komphakeli ekwelapheni ukungcola okuvela enqubweni yokucwenga kanye nokufaka imibala, ngokubona kwami, kuyinkomba ecacile yokuma kwabo okuzinzile kunombala webhawodi ngokwawo.
Ngakho-ke, uyicacisa nini ibhowudi efakwe i-zinc enombala? Akukona ukuthuthukiswa kwendawo yonke. Ezindaweni zasendlini, ezomile, kuyaqina; i-zinc ejwayelekile ibiza kakhulu. Indawo yobumnandi ingaphandle lapho kudingeka ukumelana nokugqwala okumaphakathi kuya kokuphezulu, kodwa insimbi engagqwali ibiza kakhulu, futhi i-hot-dip galvanizing inkulu kakhulu noma ilukhuni ukuthi ingahlanganiswa. Cabanga ngezivalo zikagesi, ukukhwezwa kwe-HVAC, uhlaka lwamaphaneli elanga, okokusebenza kwenkundla yokudlala, nomsebenzi wensimbi othile wokwakha.
Siwasebenzise ngempumelelo ochungechungeni lwezigxobo zokukhanyisa zangaphandle. Amabhawodi ayedingeka ukuze ahlanganiswe nesigxobo sethusi esimnyama futhi amelane nesimo sezulu esisogwini sedolobha. Amabhawodi anombala we-chromate anikeze ukumelana nokugqwala kanye nokufana kobuhle. Eminyakeni emihlanu, ngaphandle kwesondlo, basabukeka futhi benza kahle. Lokho kuwukuwina kwempikiswano yokusimama—akukho ukumiselela, akukho mabala, akukho ukushayelwa emuva.
Kodwa kunemingcele. Sizame ukuwasebenzisa esimweni esibi kakhulu, sokudlidliza okuphezulu emishinini yezolimo. Ijazi elinemibala, ngenkathi limelana nokugqwala, lalincane futhi liguga ngokushesha endaweni ethwele, kuveza i-zinc engaphansi ekugugeni okusheshayo. Ukwehluleka. Kusifundise ukuthi ukumelana nemihuzuko kuyimpahla ehluke ngokuphelele. Ukuqamba okusha kuqondile; ixazulula inkinga yokugqwala/yokuhlonza, hhayi eyokugqokwa komshini.
Ingabe kuwukuqamba okusha okusimeme? Yebo, kodwa ngeziqu ezinzima. Ukusuka ku-Hex-Cr enobuthi kuya kumakhemikhali aphephile ayingxenye noma engeyona i-chrome kuwukuwina okucacile kwezemvelo nempilo. Amandla okunweba impilo yesevisi ngokuvikelwa kwezithiyo eziphakeme kunciphisa ukumosha. Yilokho umnyombo wecala eliqhubekayo.
Kodwa-ke, igama elithi ukusimama liyahlanjululwa uma inqubo yokukhiqiza imosha noma ingalawulwa kahle, okuholela emazingeni aphezulu okwenqaba noma ukwehluleka ngaphambi kwesikhathi emkhakheni. I-innovation ayikho kubhawodi ukuthi ibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma ephuzi; ikukhemistri ethuthukisiwe, elawulwayo esetshenziswa ngokunemba phezu kwe-zinc substrate enomsindo. Idinga umenzi onekhono, otshaliwe.
Iseluleko sami? Ungamane u-oda nge-swatch yombala. Phenya inqubo. Cela imibiko yokuhlolwa kwesifutho sikasawoti (i-ASTM B117) ecacisa amahora okugqwala okumhlophe nokubomvu kokuqeda kwawo okunemibala ethile. Buza mayelana nokuphathwa kwabo kwamanzi angcolile. Audit uma ukwazi. Ukusimama kwangempela, nokusebenza, kuvela emininingwaneni engemuva kwe-facade enemibala. Kubahlinzeki abasebenza esikalini esinokulawula okudidiyelwe, njengalabo abasezindaweni zase-Yongnian abaye bazijwayeza, kumelela igxathu eliya phambili langempela. Kwabanye, insimbi enombala nje. Ukwazi umehluko yikho konke.