Uzwa 'i-electro-galvanized' futhi ucabange 'ukuvikela ukugqwala,' mhlawumbe ngisho 'nombala oluhlaza' ngoba iyizinc, akunjalo? Yilapho ingxoxo ngokuvamile iqala khona, futhi ngokuvamile iphetha. Kodwa buza noma ubani okuye kwadingeka acacise izibophelelo zesakhiwo sangaphandle esibona usawoti womgwaqo, noma ucezu lwesisetshenziswa endaweni yokugcina impahla enomswakama, bese kuqala inkulumo yangempela. Ingabe i-electro-galvanizing iwukukhetha okuzinzile kwezicelo zezimboni, noma ingabe sibambelela enqubweni evamile, eshibhile kuyilapho siziba izindleko zayo zomjikelezo wokuphila? Ngichithe iminyaka ngihlola futhi ngihlola lezi zinto, futhi impendulo ayikho eshidini elicacisiwe. Isezindaweni zokugqwala ensikeni ngemva kwezinyanga ezingu-18, izindleko zokushintsha amabhawodi ayinkulungwane ohlelweni lokuthutha, kanye noshintsho oluthulile olwenziwa abanye abahlinzeki.

Ukuheha kanye Namaqiniso asheshayo

Ake sicace: amabhawodi anagesi kagesi anendawo yawo. Inqubo iqondile-i-zinc plating ngokusebenzisa i-electrodeposition. Ibiza kakhulu ekugijimeni kwevolumu ephezulu. Ngezicelo zangaphakathi, ezomile, noma lapho ukumbozwa kumayelana nokubukeka okufanayo nokuvikela okuthambile, bayasebenza. Ngi-ode amathani awo ezindaweni ezifana ne-Yongnian District e-Hebei, isizinda sokukhiqiza izinsimbi. Inkampani ekhona, I-Handan Zitai Fetesser Comment Co, Ltd., nesisekelo sazo ngakwesokudla emigwaqweni emikhulu yezokuthutha (hlola isayithi labo kokuthi https://www.zitaifasteners.com uma ufuna umuzwa wesikali), ungajika lokhu ngomthwalo wesitsha. Ukufaneleka akunakuphikwa.

Kodwa isheke lokuqala elingokoqobo liwugqinsi. I-electro-galvanized coating evamile ingaba ama-microns angu-5-8. Kuncane lokho. Ungacishe uyikhumule ngozipho uma uzama. Qhathanisa lokho ne-hot-dip galvanizing, lapho ubheka khona ama-microns angu-50+, futhi umehluko wokuqina awukona umugqa-kuyacaca. Ngikufunde lokhu kusenesikhathi, ngicacisa amabhawodi e-M12 anagesi kagesi kwezinye izisekelo zethreyi yekhebula efektri eswakeme kancane. Phakathi neminyaka emibili, sase sigqwalile esimhlophe kanye nokugqwala okubomvu ekuqaleni kwezimpande zentambo. Hhayi inhlekelele, kodwa ikhanda lesondlo ebesingalibekelelanga imali.

Umbuzo wokusimama uqala lapha: uma umkhiqizo wehluleka ngokushesha futhi udinga ukushintshwa ngokushesha, ukonga kwensiza yokuqala (i-zinc encane, amandla amancane ekucwecweni) kushaywe indiva ukukhiqizwa, ukuthunyelwa, kanye nokufakwa kokushintshwa kwawo. Uhweba indawo ephansi yekhabhoni yangaphambili ukuze uthole umjikelezo wempilo ongaba phezulu kakhulu. Leso yisibalo esingavamile ukusenza phansi esitolo lapho sifaka i-oda.

Izindleko Ezifihliwe: Ukusebenza Kokugqwala kanye Nemikhawulo Yenqubo

Lapho i-electro-galvanizing ikhombisa ngempela imikhawulo yayo ikunoma iyiphi indawo enama-chloride, ama-acids, noma umswakama ongaguquki. I-zinc coating ingumhlatshelo, okuyinto enhle, kodwa incane kakhulu iyancipha ngokushesha. Ngikhumbula iphrojekthi ehilela ukuxhuma okufakwe amabhawudi endaweni ebiyelwe yezinsiza zasogwini. Sisebenzise izixhumi ezifakwe ugesi ze-ASTM F1941, sicabanga ukuthi zizolunga. Isifutho sikasawoti sasheshisa ukugqwala, futhi i-zinc yayingasekho ezindaweni phakathi nezinyanga, okuholela ekugqwaleni kwe-bimetallic ngensimbi engaphansi. Ukwehluleka kwakudala, okungagwemeka.

Enye inkinga evame ukunganakwa i-hydrogen embrittlement. Inqubo ye-electroplating ingethula i-hydrogen ibe yinsimbi enamandla amakhulu (iBanga lesi-8.8 nangaphezulu), iyenze ibe brittle futhi ijwayele ukuphuka kungazelelwe. Lokhu akuyona ingozi yasetiyetha. Ngike ngabona ama-bolts ephuka ngesikhathi se-torque-up, futhi ngenkathi ukubhaka kungakhulula i-hydrogen, kuyisinyathelo esengeziwe esengeza izindleko nobunzima, futhi akwenziwa ngaso sonke isikhathi ngokwethembeka ekugijimeni okungabizi kakhulu, kwevolumu ephezulu. Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi uhweba ukuvikela ukugqwala kwengozi yobuqotho bemishini. Akuyona into enhle.

Bese kuba nendaba yokuhlanganisa ukufana. Ezingxenyeni eziyinkimbinkimbi njengamabhawudi anezintambo ezijulile, i-electrodeposition ingase ingalingani, ishiye impande yentambo-iphuzu lokucindezeleka elibaluleke kakhulu-nokuvikela okuncane. Kungumkhawulo wenqubo oyisisekelo. Ungacacisa izembozo zokuguqulwa kwe-chromate (okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ophuzi, i-oxide emnyama) ukuze uthole ukwamukela okungeziwe, kodwa lokho kwengeza amakhemikhali engeziwe ochungechungeni lwenqubo. Ngokungazelelwe, i-zinc plating elula ayilula noma ihlanzekile.

Ukukala Okuluhlaza kuZinc

Abasekeli bakhomba ku-zinc njengento engokwemvelo, egaywa kabusha. Iqiniso. Kodwa inqubo ye-electroplating ngokwayo ayilungile. Amanzi angcolile aphuma ezindlini zokugeza aqukethe ama-zinc ion, ama-acids, namanye amakhemikhali. Ukwelashwa okufanele akuxoxiswana ngakho ukuze kuthotshelwe imvelo. Ezifundeni ezinokukhiqiza okugxilile, njenge-Yongnian, ukuphathwa kwemvelo okuhlangene kwamakhulu ezitolo zokugqoka kuyibhodlela langempela lokusimama. Umphakeli othanda I-Zitai Fastener ukusebenza esikalini cishe kunezindawo zokwelapha ezimaphakathi, zesimanje, kodwa lokho akusona isiqinisekiso samazwe ngamazwe. Ukusimama kwebhawodi kuxhumene ngqo nokusimama kwesitolo sokucwenga.

Ukuphinda kusetshenziswe kabusha kuyinhlanganisela. Ekupheleni kokuphila, insimbi igaywa kabusha, futhi ungqimba oluncane lwe-zinc lulahlekile ekuncibilikeni, kodwa aluyona into engcolile. Kodwa-ke, le nzuzo yokuphela kwempilo ithandeka kakhulu ezigabeni zensimbi ezisindayo zediphu. Ngebhawodi elincane, amandla okugaywa kabusha ensimbi ngokwawo abusayo; umnikelo we-coating uncane. I-lever enkulu yokusimama inweba impilo yesevisi ukuze kubambezeleke lowo mcimbi wokugaywa kabusha isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka.

Ngakho-ke, ingabe iluhlaza okwedlula ibholidi yensimbi engagqwali? Ezindaweni zokugqwala okuphansi, mhlawumbe, ngokwesisekelo samandla okukhiqiza ahlanzekile (ukwenza insimbi engagqwali kudla amandla). Kodwa esimweni esibi kakhulu, ibholothi eyodwa engama-304 noma engu-316 ehlala iminyaka engama-30 cishe isimeme kakhulu kunokushintsha amabhawodi anagesi kagesi njalo ngemva kweminyaka emi-5-10, ngisho nokugaywa kabusha. Izibalo ziyashintsha uma ucabangela impilo ephelele efakiwe.

Ukushintsha Okusebenzayo Nokuvela Komhlinzeki

Imboni ayimile. Ingxoxo isuka ekubeni nje ipuletiwe iye kokugqitshwa ukusebenza. Ngibona imibuzo eminingi yokufaka uthayela ngomshini (ogwema i-hydrogen embrittlement) noma ngisho nezimbotshana ze-polymer yefilimu emincane enikeza ukumelana nokugqwala okungcono kune-electro-zinc ebukhulu obufanayo. Abahlinzeki abangcono kakhulu bayazivumelanisa nezimo.

Uma ukhuluma nommeli wokuthengisa wezobuchwepheshe kumkhiqizi osunguliwe-futhi ngibe nalezi zingxoxo nabantu abavela emisebenzini efana nalena I-Handan Zitai Fastener-abagcini nje ngokucindezela izinombolo zekhathalogi. Babuza ngendawo ezungezile: Ingabe ingaphakathi endlini? Noma yikuphi ukuchaphaza kwamakhemikhali? Ogwini? Bangase bakususe kude ne-electro-galvanized evamile ukuya embotsheni ye-zinc-flake eqinile noma inketho ye-hot-dip uma okubalulekile kwakho kuwukuphila isikhathi eside kunezindleko zokuqala eziphansi kakhulu. Lokho kuwuphawu lokuvuthwa. Indawo yabo kusizinda esikhulu sokukhiqiza kusho ukuthi babona konke ukwehluleka nempumelelo kugeleza, futhi leyo mpendulo ingena ezincomweni zomkhiqizo wabo.

Sizamile ukushintshela iklayenti kubhawodi eboshwe yohlobo lwe-Dacromet (i-zinc-flake) ukusuka kwejwayelekile efakwe ugesi kagesi ukuze kufakwe isicelo semishini yezolimo. Izindleko zaziphakeme ngo-15-20%. Eminyakeni emibili edlule, amabhawodi anagesi kagesi eqoqweni elidala ayebonisa ukugqwala emakhanda e-hex, kuyilapho amasha ebukeka ecishe emusha. Iklayenti liyekile ukukhononda ngentengo. Ukukhetha okuzinzile kubagcinele imali ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngokugwema isikhathi sokushintshwa. Lobo ubufakazi bomhlaba wangempela.

Ngakho, Siyini Isinqumo?

Ukubiza amabhawodi kagesi ukuthi aqhubeke embonini kuyisimangalo esibanzi kakhulu. Bayi-a esimeme ngokwesimo ukukhetha. Ezindaweni ezilawulwayo, ezilungile lapho ukumelana nokugqwala kungabalulekile, zinikeza ibhalansi ehloniphekile yezindleko, ukusebenza, nokusetshenziswa kwensiza. Ukusimama kwazo kukhuliswa lapho ukulinganiselwa kwazo okuqondile kuhlonishwa.

Kodwa-ke, ekusetshenzisweni kwezimboni okuvamile—okuvame ukusho umswakama oguquguqukayo, ukujiya, ukungcoliswa komhlaba, noma ukuchayeka kwekhemikhali ngengozi—ukuthembela kuzibopheli ezisebenza ngogesi ngokuvamile kuwumnotho ongamanga kanye nendlela engasimami kangako. Iphusha imithwalo yemvelo kanye nezindleko esikhathini esizayo ngokwehluleka ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

Indlela eqhubekayo iwukufanisa ubuchwepheshe bokumboza ngokuqinile nendawo yesevisi, ngisho noma kubiza kakhulu kusengaphambili. Kusho ukubuza imibuzo enzima kumphakeli wakho, ubheke ngale kwentengo ngekhilogremu, futhi ucabangele izindleko eziphelele zobunikazi. Imboni inezinketho ezingcono manje. Ukusimama akukhona nje ngezinto ezibonakalayo; imayelana nokwenza ukukhetha okufanele ukuze umkhiqizo ungadingi ukwenziwa futhi noma nini maduze. Futhi ngezinye izikhathi, ibholidi esimeme kakhulu yileyo ongasoze wacabanga ukuyishintsha.