
2026-02-20
Mukuwona 'mtedza wamtundu wa zinki' pa pepala lodziwika bwino ndipo funso laposachedwa silikunena za kunyamula katundu kapena ulusi-ndikuti ngati buluu kapena kufiira kumalizidwa ndi gimmick chabe kapena ngati kumawonjezera phindu mu dziko lenileni, loyendetsedwa ndi mtengo, ndipo tsopano likuchulukirachulukira kukhazikika kwa mafakitale. Pali lingaliro lolakwika lodziwika kuti utoto ndi zodzikongoletsera, njira yolipiritsa ndalama zolipirira bungwe kapena chizindikiro. Koma kuyambira pansi pafakitale, zokambitsirana zimakhala zochulukirapo, zimasokonekera pakusinthana pakati pa corrosion resistance, kuzindikirika bwino, kuchulukira kwa chain chain, komanso zochitika zenizeni zachilengedwe pakuwonjezera njira ina. Tiyeni tibwererenso zigawo.
Choyamba, fotokozani zomwe tikukamba. Izi sizinapentidwe. Utoto wa mtedza wa zinki nthawi zambiri umachokera pakapangidwe kamene kamayika, nthawi zambiri kutembenuka kwa chromate ndi utoto kapena makina osindikizidwa. Chifukwa chake mumayamba ndi chitetezo choyambirira cha dzimbiri cha zinc plating-mwina chromate yoyera yoyera kapena yachikasu-ndikuwonjezera mtundu. Izi nthawi yomweyo zimabweretsa chowunikira chokhazikika: mukuwonjezera mphamvu, madzi, ndi malo osambira amankhwala pamzere wokhazikika wa zinc. Kodi phindu lake lilingana ndi mtengo wazinthu?
Pamsonkhano wamagalimoto, ndawona mtedza wachikuda womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito podzipatulira-mwachitsanzo, ofiira poyimitsa ma torque apamwamba, buluu pakukongoletsa mkati. Chiphunzitsochi ndi kutsimikizira kowoneka kopanda pake, kumachepetsa zolakwika za msonkhano. Koma mchitidwewo? Ngati gulu la mtundu liri ndi kusiyana pang'ono, kapena ngati kuyatsa pamzere kuli koyipa, phindu limachepa. Kangapo, tinali ndi zovuta zomwe "wofiira" wa ogulitsa amawoneka ngati gulu la 'mkuwa' pansi pa ma LED a fakitale, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mzere utsimikize. Njira yokhazikika pano ndiyosalunjika koma yayikulu: kupewa kusokoneza kumapewa kuwononga, kukonzanso, ndikukumbukira zomwe zingatheke pamzerewu. Chifukwa chake kusasinthika kwamtundu ndi kulimba kwake pansi pa nyali zosiyanasiyana kumakhala kofunikira, nthawi zambiri kumanyalanyazidwa, gawo labwino.
Ndiye pali kukhulupirika kwa zokutira. Kusanja bwino kwa utoto kumatha kusokoneza chromate wosanjikiza. Ndikukumbukira kagulu ka zaka zingapo mmbuyo komwe mtedza wobiriwira wa ntchito yotchinga magetsi panja unayamba kuwonetsa mawanga oyera mkati mwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Vuto silinali plating ya zinki; Kusamba kwake kunali koopsa komwe kunasokoneza chisindikizocho. Kulepheraku kudapangitsa kuti zinyalala ziwonjezeke - ntchito zolowa m'malo, zida zotayidwa, ndipo mtedza womwewo unasanduka zinyalala zazitsulo zosakanizidwa zomwe sizingabwezeretsedwenso. Ndiko kutsutsa kwa kukhazikika kwa mafakitale.
Kutengera zomangira zamitundu sikungosankha mwaukadaulo; ndi chain chain. Mukuchoka ku chinthu chamtengo wapatali (mtedza wamba wa zinki) kupita ku chinthu chachizolowezi. Izi zimakhudza kuchuluka kwa madongosolo ocheperako, nthawi zotsogola, ndi zovuta zazinthu. Pantchito, tidatchula mtedza wachikasu wa zinki kuti ukhazikike pamakabati angapo a telecom. Lingalirolo linali lanzeru kwa ogwira ntchito yokonza. Koma kusintha kwa kamangidwe kamene kunathetsa chitsanzo chimodzi cha kabati, tinatsala ndi mapaleti atatu a mtedza wina wachikasu wopanda ntchito ina. Anakhala zaka zambiri asanagulitsidwe ngati zinyalala mwangozi. Mphamvu zomwe zili mu mtedzawo mwangwiro zimagwira ntchito zidawonongeka. Kukhazikika mumakampani sikungokhudza njira zobiriwira; ndizokhudza kuyendetsa bwino ntchito komanso kuchepetsa katundu wakufa.
Apa ndipamene kuyanjana ndi wopanga yemwe amamvetsetsa kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kumalipira. Kampani ngati Malingaliro a kampani Handan Zitai Fastener Manufacturing Co., Ltd., yochokera ku China yayikulu kwambiri yopangira gawo ku Yongnian, nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi sikelo yoyendetsera bwino ngati zomaliza zamitundumitundu. Kuyandikana kwawo ndi maulalo akuluakulu a mayendedwe monga Beijing-Guangzhou Railway ndi National Highway 107 simalo ogulitsa - kumatanthawuza kutsitsa mpweya wa carbon paziwisi ndi zinthu zomalizidwa. Pamene mukuwonjezera njira ngati kupaka utoto, kusankha wothandizira wophatikizidwa muzachilengedwe zolimba zamafakitale kumatha kuchepetsa zina mwazowonjezera zachilengedwe.
Mtengo pa chidutswa nthawi zonse umakhala ndi chidwi. Kupaka utoto kumawonjezera 15-30% pamtengo woyambira wa zinki. Kulungamitsidwa kuyenera kukhala konkriti: kuchepetsedwa nthawi yophatikizira, kuchotsa masitepe opaka penti kumunsi kwamtsinje, kapena kupititsa patsogolo chitetezo kudzera m'magawo ofunikira amitundu. Ngati mtunduwo umangofanana ndi logo yamakampani, zimakhala zovuta kuteteza ngati zokhazikika. Imakhala chisankho chokongola ndi msonkho wa chilengedwe.
Uyu ndi njovu mchipindamo. Mtedza wachitsulo wopangidwa ndi zinki ndi wosavuta kukonzanso - kupatukana kwa maginito, kenako kusungunula chitsulo. Zovala za zinc zimauma. Koma utoto wa organic ndi zosindikizira zowonjezera mumitundu yamitundu? Amakhala zoyipitsidwa mu sungunuka kapena kupanga off-gassing. Ngakhale kuti zitsulo zachitsulo zimabwezeretsedwanso, ndondomekoyi ndi yonyansa.
Ku Europe, ndi malangizo okhwima a WEEE ndi ELV, izi zikukhala lingaliro lenileni la mapangidwe. Tidagwira ntchito yogula pomwe gulu lotsatsa linkaumirira zomangira zakuda za zinki kuti ziwoneke bwino. Katswiri wokonzanso zinthu pa projekitiyi adayiyika ngati chovuta pakubwezeretsanso zinthu zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha. Tinayenera kuyesa mayeso kuti titsimikizire kuchuluka kwa utoto kunali pansi pamlingo wina. Zinali zovuta zomwe zidadya nthawi ndi ndalama. Phunziro: ngati mukukonzekera zozungulira zenizeni, ganizirani kawiri musanatchule mtundu wakuda osamvetsetsa momwe zimakhalira.
Pali zatsopano pano, monga kupanga makina opanga utoto omwe amawotcha bwino kapena kugwiritsa ntchito inorganic pigment yomwe ilibe vuto. Koma izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala eni ake ndipo zimawonjezera mtengo. Msika waukulu, motsogozedwa ndi mtengo, umagwiritsabe ntchito ma chemistry akale. Chifukwa chake mukatulutsa, kufunsa wopanga utoto za kapangidwe kake ndi kutentha kwake sikwaphunziro - ndikuchita khama kuti moyo ukhale wokhazikika.
Tiyeni tikambirane za chitsanzo chabwino, kusuntha kupitirira chiphunzitso. Pomanga modula - mapanelo a khoma lopangidwa kale, ma racks othandizira - ma module osiyanasiyana amagwiritsa ntchito ma bawuti kapena makulidwe osiyanasiyana. Kugwiritsa ntchito mtundu kusiyanitsa mtedza wa Giredi 8.8 ndi 10.9 pamalopo, makamaka m'malo afumbi kapena othamanga, kumalepheretsa kusakanikirana koopsa. Apa, mtunduwo si wabwino kukhala nawo; ndi gawo lofunikira lachitetezo komanso kuwongolera khalidwe. Phindu lokhazikika liri pakulephereka kulephera kwadongosolo, zinyalala zakuthupi kuchokera ku disassembly, ndi udindo womwe ungakhalepo.
Wina uli m'malo osamalira-olemera ngati zomera zamankhwala. Makina a mapaipi nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito ma code amtundu wa media (yachikasu ngati gasi, buluu pamadzi, ndi zina). Kukhala ndi mtedza ndi ma bolt omwe amafanana ndi mtundu wa chitoliro kumathandizira kukonza mwachangu, moyenera ndikusintha. Njira ina ndikujambula zomangira pamalopo, zomwe ndi zosokoneza, zimagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosasinthika, komanso tchipisi tapenti mosavuta. Kutsirizitsa kwa zinki kokhala ndi utoto kumakhala kolimba komanso kumachotsa pentiyo. Muzochitika izi, mtedza wachikuda ndi chisankho chokhazikika pa moyo wake wonse.
Mfungulo ndi dala. Tsambalo liyenera kuwerengedwa osati nati wofiira wa zinki, koma nati wofiyira wa zinki kuti azindikire zolumikizira zamphamvu kwambiri pa ASTM F1941 kapena zina zofananira. Cholinga ndi muyezo ziyenera kulembedwa. Chilango ichi chimasintha chisankho chokhazikika kukhala chopangidwa mwaluso, komanso chovomerezeka, chigawo cha kapangidwe kake.
Palibe bulangeti inde kapena ayi. Kukhazikika kwa mtedza wamtundu wa zinc zimadalira kwathunthu kugwiritsa ntchito. Atha kukhala chida chopewera zinyalala komanso kuchita bwino, kapena atha kukhala gwero lazovuta komanso kuipitsidwa kosafunikira. Kuyitanira kwa chiweruzo kumakhala ndi mainjiniya kapena wofotokozera.
Lamulo langa la chala chachikulu, lopangidwa kuchokera ku maphunziro angapo okwera mtengo: Choyamba, tsutsani kufunikira kwa mtundu. Kodi pali njira yopanda mankhwala kuti mukwaniritse cholinga chomwecho (monga cholemba mutu china)? Chachiwiri, ngati mtundu uli wofunikira, sungani ndalama zabwino. Kumaliza kotsika mtengo, kosagwirizana kudzalephera ndikupanga zinyalala. Gwirizanani ndi wopanga wotsimikiziridwa yemwe amawongolera njira yake. Chachitatu, lingalirani za moyo wonse—kuchokera kumabafa owonjezera a ku Hebei mpaka ku mphero yokonzanso zinthu ku Dortmund. Kodi phindu logwiritsidwa ntchito limaposa mtengo wakutsogolo ndi wakumbuyo wa chilengedwe?
Pamapeto pake, kukhazikika kwa mafakitale kumakhudza kulondola. Ndi za kuwonjezera njira pokhapokha pomwe amapereka mtengo wosagwirizana. Mtedza wamtundu wa zinki, pamalo oyenera, ndi chisankho chanzeru, chokhazikika. M'malo olakwika, ndikungotsuka kobiriwira kwenikweni, komanso modabwitsa, osabiriwira. Kusunthika kwamakampani kuyenera kukhala kwanzeru kwambiri, osati kutengera kopanda bulangeti kapena kukanidwa. Zili muzosankha zamagulu awa, zomwe zimapangidwira kupanga zokhazikika.