Iyo wunvise 'kuramba' mubwubatsi cyangwa kurigata, ubwenge bwinshi busimbukira kumirasire y'izuba cyangwa ibyuma bitunganyirizwa. Ni gake cyane umuntu atekereza kubicisha bugufi bolt. Ngiyo imyumvire ya mbere itari yo. Ihuza nyaryo ntabwo rijyanye nibikoresho ubwabyo, ahubwo uburyo igishushanyo cyacyo gihindura ubuzima bwose bwimiterere. Byerekeranye no guhagarika neza, kuramba, no kugabanya imyanda binyuze muguhindura-ibintu ushima gusa nyuma yo kubona umushinga unaniwe kuko umuntu yakoresheje igisubizo kirekire-gihamye aho byanze bikunze kugenda.

Ihame ryibanze: Guhindura hejuru yo gusimburwa

Mubimenyerezo, kuramba akenshi bihinduka kugirango ukoreshe bike kandi birebire. Igikorwa cyibanze cyibanze ni ugutanga neza neza impagarara mu nsinga, inkoni, cyangwa amasano yubatswe. Hatabayeho guhinduka, sisitemu zirahagaze. Iyo kwaguka kwubushyuhe, gutuza, cyangwa imbaraga ziremereye bibaye - kandi burigihe burigihe - amahitamo arahari: haba ibice byakozwe cyane hamwe numutekano munini (guta ibikoresho) cyangwa birananirana, bisaba gusimburwa igice cyangwa byuzuye. Ndibuka umushinga wububiko bwububiko aho umukiriya yashimangiye kumurongo uhamye kugirango insinga zunganirwa. Mugihe cyimyaka ibiri, ibihe byigihe byateje umunaniro aho uhurira. Retrofit yakoreshejwe guhindukirira bolts Kuri Kwemerera Ibihe. Iyo kanopi iracyahagaze nyuma yimyaka cumi n'itanu. Gukosora 'bihendutse' byambere byatanze toni yimyanda iva mubyuma byasimbuwe na beto.

Ibintu bihinduka byongera ubuzima bwa serivisi kuburyo butangaje. Ihindura inteko ihagaze muburyo bumwe. Ntabwo wubaka gusa; urimo kubaka muri protocole yo kubungabunga no kurwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere. Iri ni ihinduka ryibanze mubitekerezo bya ba injeniyeri benshi batojwe kubara leta ihamye. Inyungu irambye iri mu kwirinda ibyuka bihumanya biva mu nganda, gutwara, no gushyira ibice bisimburwa kumurongo.

Hano hari nuance ikunze kubura: ubwiza bwurudodo no kurinda ruswa. Umuyoboro ufata ni mubi kuruta ubusa. Twese twahuye nimpinduka zihenze zangirika nyuma yimbeho imwe, zitanga ibintu byingenzi byingenzi. Niyo mpamvu gushakira ibicuruzwa byabigenewe byihariye bifite akamaro. Kurugero, mukarere nka Yongnian muri Hebei, akaba ari ihuriro rinini ryumusaruro wihuse, kwibanda kubikorwa hamwe nubwiza bwibintu birakomeye kubera guhatanira isoko. Isosiyete nka Hamagara zitai yihuta ukora co., Ltd., ikorera muri urwo ruganda rukomeye, mubusanzwe ifite ibikorwa remezo byo kubyara imigozi ihamye, yo murwego rwohejuru hamwe na coatings-nka hot-dip galvanizing-irinda gufatwa. Uku kwizerwa ni umushoferi urambye.

Gukoresha ibikoresho no Kuzamura imitwaro

Reka tuvuge kubyerekeye gukoresha ibikoresho. Muri sisitemu gakondo-yuburebure bwa sisitemu, akenshi ugomba gusobanura neza diameter yinkoni cyangwa insinga kugirango ubaze kwishyiriraho kudatunganye cyangwa imitwaro itabaruwe. Ibi ntibikora. Impinduka igufasha kwinjizamo sisitemu hanyuma ugahamagara muburyo nyabwo, bwiza. Ibi bivuze ko buri kintu cyose mumurongo gishobora kuba gifite ubunini bwinshingano zacyo, ntabwo ari hypothettike mbi-yongeyeho 20-30% byinyongera. Nabonye ibi muminara iyobora porogaramu. Mugukoresha impinduka kugirango tugere kumurongo wuzuye nyuma yo kwishyiriraho, twakunze kumanura diameter ya kabili mubunini, tukabika kilo yibyuma kuminara.

Uku gutezimbere kuzunguruka binyuze murwego rwo gutanga. Ibikoresho bike byacukuwe, ingufu nke zo gutunganya no kuzunguruka, lisansi nke yo gutwara. Nibisanzwe 'bike ni byinshi', ariko bisaba kwizera ko uburyo bwo guhindura butazaba intege nke. Guhimba no gutunganya ubuziranenge bwumubiri uhindagurika hamwe na bolts birakomeye. Kunanirwa hano bihakana inyungu zose.

Hano hari ikibazo gifatika, nubwo. Kugera kuri uku gutezimbere bisaba kwishyiriraho ubuhanga. Kwishyiriraho ibice kugirango bigabanye imipaka itekereza 'gukomera ni byiza' birashobora gutera gutsindwa imburagihe. Amahugurwa ni kimwe muburinganire burambye. Ntabwo ari ibicuruzwa gusa.

Korohereza Kwubaka no Gukoresha

Birenzeho-gutekereza-imbere ni igishushanyo mbonera (DfD). Ni bangahe byubatswe byubatswe cyangwa bigashyirwa ahantu, bigenewe imyanda nyuma yubuzima? Ihuza ukoresheje a bolt ni muburyo budasanzwe. Mu nyubako z'agateganyo - gusiba ibyiciro, ahazabera imurikagurisha, amahema y'ibirori - ibi nibisanzwe. Ariko ihame ryinjira mubishushanyo mbonera byubaka. Turimo gukora ubushakashatsi kuri sisitemu aho guhuza imiterere mubikorwa byo guhuza n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere byongerewe imbaraga. Iyo inyubako ikeneye kongera guhindurwa mumyaka 30, abo banyamuryango b'ibyuma barashobora kudafungurwa, kuruhuka, no gukoreshwa ahandi. Impinduka ni urufunguzo rufungura kongera gukoresha loop.

Ibi ntabwo ari theoretical gusa. Nagize uruhare mu mushinga wo gusenya umunara ushaje wo kuzamura gari ya moshi. Impinduka zumwimerere mumigozi yumusore, nubwo yangiritse, yari agikora. Nyuma yo gukora isuku no kongera gusya, abagera kuri 70% boherejwe kumurongo mushya. Umukiriya yazigamye ibiciro, ariko icy'ingenzi, karubone yashizwemo muri ibyo byuma byahimbwe yabitswe kubuzima bwubuzima. Iyo ntsinzi igaragara irambye.

Inzitizi ikunze kubarwa. Igiciro cyambere cyigiciro cyongeye gukoreshwa, cyiza-cyiza cya sisitemu yo hejuru. Kwemeza nyiri umushinga kwishyura byinshi none kubwinyungu imyaka 30 hanze ni urugamba ruhoraho. Ugomba kubishiraho nkimpanuka zo kugabanya ingaruka nagaciro keza k'umutungo, ntabwo ari ibidukikije-byumva-byiza byongeyeho.

Kwihangana nubushobozi bwo guhuza n'imihindagurikire

Kuramba kandi ni ukwihangana-kwihanganira ihungabana nta gutsindwa gukabije. Impinduka zitanga sisitemu ifite urwego rwa 'gutanga' kandi, cyane cyane, uburyo bwo gukira. Nyuma yibyabaye bikabije nkumutingito muto wibiza cyangwa umuyaga, sisitemu ihangayitse irashobora kuva mubitekerezo. Hamwe nibihuza bihamye, wakenera gusuzuma no gusimbuza. Hamwe no guhindukira, abakozi barashobora kwinjira, gupima impagarara, no kuyihindura ibipimo byumwimerere. Imiterere yagaruwe mubikorwa byiza nta bikoresho bishya.

Ubu bushobozi bwo guhuza n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere ni ingenzi ku bikorwa remezo mu guhindura ikirere. Tekereza ikirenge cya kaburimbo hamwe na kaburimbo. Ubushyuhe burashobora kugabanuka cyangwa kurenza urugero insinga. Kubungabunga buri gihe hamwe no guhindagurika biroroshye. Bitabaye ibyo, inzinguzingo zitera umunaniro kurangira, bisaba gusanwa gusudira cyangwa gusimbuza insinga byuzuye vuba.

Byumvikane byoroshye, ariko imitekerereze yubuhanga igomba guhinduka kuva 'gushushanya, kubaka, kureka' ikajya 'gushushanya, kubaka, kugenzura, no kubungabunga.' Impinduka ni ikimenyetso cyumubiri cyibyo bitekerezo byo kubungabunga. Ni ingingo yo gutabara yubatswe mumiterere.

Urunigi rwo gutanga no gutanga umusaruro

Hanyuma, kuramba kwibigize ubwabyo bifite akamaro. Impinduramatwara yoherejwe hagati yisi yose uhereye kubitanga rusange bifite ikirenge kinini cya karubone mbere yuko gishyirwaho. Aha niho hambere, inganda zihariye zigira uruhare. Amasoko avuye mubikorwa bikomeye byumusaruro nkakarere ka Yongnian, aho Hamagara zitai yihuta ukora co., Ltd. ishingiye, irashobora kugabanya ibirometero byo gutwara imishinga muri Aziya, niba atari kwisi yose. Aho biherereye hafi ya gari ya moshi nini n’imihanda (nka Gari ya moshi ya Beijing-Guangzhou na G4 Expressway) ntabwo ari ahantu ho kugurisha gusa - bisobanura kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere kugirango ibone ibyuma biremereye kandi byimbitse ku kazi.

Umusaruro uhuriweho hamwe nawo ukunda kugira imigezi myiza yo gutunganya ibyuma bisakara hamwe no gukoresha ingufu neza kuri buri gice bitewe nubunini. Iyo usuye uturere twinganda, urabona sisitemu ifunze-loop ya wire nicyuma. Kuramba ntabwo biri mu gatabo; biri mubikorwa bya ecosystem yumusaruro isosiyete nka Zitai igizwe. Ntibashobora kwishakira isoko nkisosiyete 'icyatsi', ariko imikorere yabo isanzwe igabanya imyanda ugereranije nibicuruzwa bitandukanijwe, bito.

Amaherezo, the bolt itezimbere kuramba bitanyuze kumurongo umwe wimpinduramatwara, ahubwo binyuze muburyo bwo gushushanya ubwenge butuma kuramba, gukora neza, gukoresha ubushobozi, no kwihangana. Nubuhamya bwigitekerezo kivuga ko rimwe na rimwe igisubizo kirambye aricyo gikwemerera gukosora, guhindura, no guhuza, aho kurandura no gusimbuza. Amayeri arimo kwerekana urwego rukwiye ruva mubakora bumva neza ko atari ibintu byibicuruzwa gusa, ahubwo nibyingenzi, bisobanura kuramba. Nibyo umuhamagaro wukuri wisi.