Yeyiphi imilinganiselo yebholithi yolwandiso lobuchwephesha obuzinzileyo? 

Uyazi, xa abantu betekhnoloji ezinzileyo bebuza malunga nokwandiswa kwemilinganiselo yebholithi, bahlala beza kuyo besuka kwi-engile engalunganga. Akunjalo nje itshathi oyitsalayo kwikhathalogu. Umbuzo wokwenyani ongcwatywe ngaphantsi ngulo: ucacisa njani into yokuqinisa egcina amashumi eminyaka kuphahla oluluhlaza, i-solar tracker, okanye inkqubo yokwakha eyimodyuli, apho ukusilela ingekuko nje ukulungisa-kukungaphumeleli ukuzinza. Imilinganiselo-i-M10, i-M12, i-10x80mm-leyo yindawo yokuqala. Izinto eziphathekayo, isambatho, indawo yofakelo, kunye neprofayile yomthwalo kwiminyaka engama-25 yeyona nto ichaza ubungakanani obufanelekileyo.

Uluvo olungelulo olungundoqo: Ubungakanani vs. Inkqubo

Uninzi lweenjineli ezintsha ebaleni zilungisa ubungakanani bebit drill okanye idiameter yebholiti. Ndiye ndakhona. Kwangoko, ndichaze umgangatho we-M10 wesiseko seplate ye-injini yomoya ethe nkqo. Kwakubonakala kulungile ephepheni. Kodwa asizange siphendule ngokushukuma kwe-harmonic ye-amplitude ephantsi, eyahlukileyo kumthwalo womoya omileyo. Kwisithuba nje seenyanga ezili-18, sasisele siqabukile. Hayi intlekele, kodwa ukuthembeka hit. Umyinge wawungalunganga, kodwa isicelo sasifuna okwahlukileyo ukwanda kwe-bolt uyilo-i-ankile ye-wedge elawulwa yi-torque ene-spec ephezulu yokulayishwa kwangaphambili-nangona i-diameter ye-nominal yahlala i-M10. Sifunda ntoni? Iphepha lomlinganiselo lithe cwaka ekulayisheni okuguquguqukayo.

Apha kulapho itekhnoloji ezinzileyo iba nenkohliso. Uhlala ujongana nezinto ezidityanisiweyo (ezifana ne-polymer cladding), iipaneli ezigqunywe ngolwakhiwo, okanye izakhiwo ezidala ezihlaziyiweyo. I-substrate ayisoloko i-homogeneous concrete. Ndikhumbula iprojekthi esebenzisa iindonga zomhlaba ezigudileyo. Awukwazi nje ukubethelela kwi-ankile yomkhono oqhelekileyo. Saye sagqiba ukusebenzisa i-bolt kunye nepleyiti yokuthwala enkulu, eyenzelwe isiko kwicala elingaphakathi. Ibholithi yayiyintonga ephothiweyo ye-M16, kodwa ubungakanani obubalulekileyo baba yi-diameter yepleyiti kunye nobukhulu bokusasaza umthwalo ngaphandle kokulutyumza udonga. Umsebenzi we-fastener wanda, ngokoqobo nangokomfanekiso.

Ke, isihluzi sokuqala ayisiyiyo iklasi yamandla ye-ISO 898-1. Luhlalutyo lwe-substrate. Ngaba i-C25/30 ikhonkrithi, i-cross-laminated timber, okanye ibhloko ye-lightweight aggregate? Ngamnye uyalela umgaqo-anchoring owahlukileyo-i-undercut, i-deformation, i-bonding-ethi emva koko ibuyele umva ukuze ichaze imilinganiselo yomzimba oyifunayo ukufezekisa amandla afunekayo okukhupha. Ubuyisela umva-ubunjineli ukusuka kwinkcazo yokusebenza, hayi phambili kuluhlu lwemveliso.

Izinto eziKhethelwayo: UZinzo kunye noKuhlala uRhwebelwano

Intsimbi ye-Stainless A4-80 yindlela yokuya kwi-corrosion resistance, ngakumbi kwiifama zelanga eziselunxwemeni okanye uphahla oluluhlaza ngokufuma okugciniweyo. Kodwa ibiza kakhulu kwaye ine-coefficient ye-friction eyahlukileyo kancinane kune-carbon steel, enokuchaphazela i-torque yokufakela. Ndibone izifakeli ezingaphantsi kwe-torque ze-ankile ezingenastainless wedge, ezikhokelela ekwandisweni okungonelanga. Ubungakanani bunokuba yi-12 × 100, kodwa ukuba ayibekwanga kakuhle, yimfanelo ye-12 × 100.

Emva koko kukho intsimbi yekhabhoni enesinyithi eshushu. Ukukhuselwa okulungileyo, kodwa ubukhulu bokutya buhluka. Oko kuvakala kuncinci, kodwa kubalulekile. Ibholithi yegalvanized eyi-10mm inokungangeni ngokucocekileyo kumngxuma oyi-10.5mm ukuba igalvanizing ingqindilili. Kufuneka ugqithise umngxuma kancinci, otshintsha ukusebenza ukwanda kwemilinganiselo ye-bolt kunye nokunyamezelana okuxeliweyo komenzi. Yinkcukacha encinci ebangela iintloko ezinkulu kwindawo xa iibholiti zingahlali. Sifunde ukucacisa imilinganiselo emva kokugquma kwimizobo yethu kwaye si-odole iitemplates ezenziwe ngaphambili zabasebenzi.

Kwiiprojekthi zomjikelo wobomi obude ngokwenene, ezifana nezixhobo zokuxhoma zelanga, ngoku sijonge iintsimbi eziphindwe kabini. Iindleko ziphezulu, kodwa xa uthetha malunga neminyaka engama-40 yokuyila kunye nokugcinwa kwe-zero, i-calculus iyatshintsha. Ibholithi inokuba ngumlinganiselo ofanayo we-M12 ngokwasemzimbeni, kodwa inzululwazi yezinto ezisemva kwayo yiyo eyenza ukuba izinze. Ithintela ukutshintshwa, eyona njongo iphambili.

Uguquguquko oluLibeleyo: Ufakelo kunye noNyamezelo

Kulapho ithiyori idibana khona nehlabathi lokwenyani. Zonke iibholithi zokwandiswa zinomgama ophantsi osezantsi kunye nesithuba. Kuphahla oluxineneyo kunye neeyunithi ze-HVAC, i-conduit, kunye namalungu akhiweyo, uhlala ungakwazi ukufikelela kwi-textbook ye-5d edge umgama. Kufuneka ulalanise. Ngaba oko kuthetha ukuba utsiba iisayizi ezimbini phezulu? Ngamaxesha athile. Kodwa rhoqo, utshintsha uhlobo lwe-ankile. Mhlawumbi ukusuka kwi-wedge ukuya kwi-ankile ye-sleeve eboshiweyo, enokusingatha imigama ekufutshane yomgca. Ubungakanani obuqhelekileyo buhlala, kodwa imveliso iyatshintsha.

Ubushushu bebhayisekile ngomnye umbulali othuleyo. Kwisakhiwo se-carport yelanga e-Arizona, ukwandiswa kwe-thermal yemihla ngemihla kunye nokuchithwa kwesakhelo sensimbi kusebenze kwiibholithi. Sasebenzisa iibholiti eziqhelekileyo ze-zinc-plated ekuqaleni. Ingubo yanxiba, ukubola kwaqala kwiintanda ezincinci, kwaye sabona i-corrosion yoxinzelelo emva kweminyaka esixhenxe. Ukulungiswa? Ukutshintshela kwibholithi yepitch ecwengileyo (M12x1.5 endaweni ye-M12x1.75) ukuze ugcine amandla okubamba ngcono kunye nokusetyenziswa kwesixhobo iteknoloji ezinzileyo-i-lubricant evunyiweyo kwimisonto. Idimension engundoqo yaba yipitch yomsonto, hayi ubukhulu.

Ndikhumbula ndikhangela kumvelisi onje I-Sunnian Zitai Festener Fishaner Comment Com. (ungafumana uluhlu lwabo apha https //wwww.ziitasteners.com). Bazinze eYongnian, ihabhu ekhawulezayo eTshayina. Ukusebenza kunye nomthengisi onjalo luncedo kuba bahlala bebonelela ngobude obungeyomgangatho okanye iingubo ezikhethekileyo ngaphandle kwe-MOQ enkulu. Umzekelo, besidinga iibholiti ze-M10 ze-135mm zobude bephaneli edityanisiweyo ethile-umlinganiselo ongaqhelekanga ngaphandle kweshelufu. Banokuyidibanisa loo nto. Ukuhlala kwabo kufutshane neendlela ezinkulu zothutho kuthetha ukuba izinto zithembekile, nto leyo esisiqingatha sedabi xa ukwishedyuli engqongqo yokubuyisela imali.

Imeko kwindawo: Ukusilela kokuBuyiselwa kwakhona kweRoof eluhlaza

Umzekelo obambekayo owahlabayo. Besixhoma imilenze emitsha yokurhaqa yePV kumgangatho osele ukhona wokupaka wegaraji kuphahla oluluhlaza/iprojekthi ye-PV yecombo. Imizobo yolwakhiwo ifuna ubunzulu obuyi-200mm bekhonkrithi. Sibalule i-ankile ze-wedge ze-M12x110mm. Ngexesha lofakelo, abasebenzi babethe i-rebar ngokuphindaphindiweyo, bebanyanzela ukuba bagrumbe imingxunya emitsha, ebeka esichengeni isithuba esincinci. Okubi nakakhulu, kwezinye iindawo, i-coring ibonise ukuba i-inshorensi yokwenene yayingaphantsi kwe-150mm. I-ankile yethu eyi-110mm yayinde kakhulu, ibeka emngciphekweni wokuvuthela ngaphantsi.

Ukulungiswa kwe-scramble kwakubi. Kwafuneka sitshintshe phakathi komsinga ukuya komfutshane, ubude be-80mm, i-ankile yeekhemikhali. Oku kufuna iprotocol yofakelo eyahluke ngokupheleleyo—ukucoca umngxuma, umpu wokutofa, ixesha lokunyanga—oluvuthuza ishedyuli. Ukungaphumeleli komda kwakuphindwe kabini: asizange siqinisekise ukuba iimeko ezakhiwe ngokucokisekileyo ngokwaneleyo, kwaye sasingenayo i-spec ebhetyebhetye yokugcina. Ngoku, umgangatho wethu wokuziqhelanisa kukucacisa uhlobo oluphambili kunye nohlobo lwe-anchor yesibini kunye neeseti zedimension ezahlukeneyo kumaxwebhu okwakha, kunye nezixhokonxa ezicacileyo zokuba kusetyenziswe nini.

I-takeway? Imilinganiselo kwisicwangciso yeyona meko ilungileyo. Udinga isicwangciso B apho imilinganiselo ebalulekileyo-ubunzulu bokuzinzisa, umgama womda-awukwazi ukuhlangabezana nayo. Ubuchwephesha obuzinzileyo abukho malunga nokuzama okugqibeleleyo kokuqala; imalunga neenkqubo ezikwaziyo ukuziqhelanisa.

Ukuyitsalela Kunye: ISnippet yePhepha eliKhethekileyo leLizwe lokwenyani

Ke, oku kujongeka njani ekusebenzeni? Kumdaka. Kwinkqubo yokuxhoma yelanga eqhelekileyo kuphahla lwekhonkrithi, i-spec yethu inokuthi ifundeke: I-Anchor: I-M10 insimbi engenasici (A4-80) i-torque-controlled torque-controlled wedge anchor. Owona mthwalo usezantsi woxinzelelo: 25 kN. Ubuncinci be-embedment: 90mm kwi-C30/37 ikhonkrithi. Idayamitha yomngxuma: 11.0mm (iya kuqinisekiswa ngokwephepha ledatha lomenzi we-ankile kwimveliso egqunyiweyo). Itorque yokufakela: 45 Nm ±10%. I-anchor yesibini / enye: I-M10 ye-injection mortar system kunye ne-120mm embedment kwiindawo ezinokhuselo oluncitshisiweyo okanye ukusondela kwi-rebar.

Jonga indlela i-M10 ephantse ibe yeyona nto ibalulekileyo? Ijikelezwe zizinto eziphathekayo, ukusebenza, ukufakela, kunye namagatya anokwenzeka. Yinyani leyo. I ukwanda kwemilinganiselo ye-bolt Ziyindawo yokusebenzela kwiwebhu enkulu kakhulu yeemfuno.

Ekugqibeleni, kwitekhnoloji ezinzileyo, owona mgangatho ubalulekileyo awukho kwibholiti. Bubomi boyilo-25, 30, 50 iminyaka. Yonke enye inketho, ukusuka kwibakala lentsimbi ukuya kwi-torque wrench calibration, ihamba ukusuka kwelo nani. Awukhethi nje ibholithi; ukhetha iqhekeza elincinci lenkqubo ekufuneka iphile ngaphandle kwewaranti yayo ngongenelelo oluncinci. Oko kutshintsha yonke into, ukuya kuthi ga kwimilimitha.