Amantongomane e-zinc anombala: asimeme embonini? 

Ubona ‘amantongomane anombala we-zinc’ eshidini elicacisiwe futhi umbuzo osheshayo awukona mayelana nokuthwala umthwalo noma ukuphakama kwentambo—ukuthi ingabe lokho kuqeda okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma okubomvu kuwubuciko nje noma uma empeleni kungeza inani emhlabeni wangempela, oshayelwa izindleko, futhi manje isilungiselelo sezimboni esiya ngokuya sikhathalela imvelo. Kunombono oyiphutha ovamile wokuthi ukufaka imibala kuyisimonyo kuphela, indlela yokukhokhisa inkokhelo yenhlangano noma yokwenza uphawu. Kodwa kusukela esitezi sefekthri kuya phezulu, ingxoxo ihluke kakhulu, ihlangene ekuhwebeni phakathi kokumelana nokugqwala, ukusebenza kahle kokuhlonza, inkimbinkimbi ye-supply chain, kanye nesisekelo sangempela sezemvelo sokwengeza esinye isinyathelo senqubo. Ake sihlaziye izingqimba.

I-Finish Akuyona Nje Ukupenda

Okokuqala, cacisa ukuthi sikhuluma ngani. Lokhu akupendiwe. Umbala wentongomane ye-zinc ngokuvamile uvela enqubweni yangemuva kokucwenga, ngokuvamile uguquko lwe-chromate ehlanganiswe nodayi noma isistimu ethile yodayi ovaliwe. Ngakho-ke uqala ngokuvikela ukugqwala okuyisisekelo kwe-zinc plating—mhlawumbe i-chromate eyi-iridescent eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma ephuzi—bese wengeza isendlalelo sombala. Lokhu ngokushesha kwethula indawo yokuhlola ukusimama: wengeza amandla, amanzi, namabhavu amakhemikhali emugqeni ojwayelekile wokucwenga we-zinc. Ingabe inzuzo ilingana nezindleko zensiza?

Emihlanganweni yezimoto, ngibone amantongomane anemibala esetshenziselwa izikhundla ezizinikezele—okuthi, abomvu ngamaphoyinti okumiswa ethoshi ephezulu, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ekunqumeni kwangaphakathi. Ithiyori iwukuqinisekisa okubonakalayo okungenangqondo, kunciphisa amaphutha wokuhlanganisa. Kodwa umkhuba? Uma iqoqo lombala linokwehluka okuncane, noma uma ukukhanya kulayini kukubi, inzuzo iyancipha. Izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa, sibe nezinkinga lapho 'okubomvu' komhlinzeki kubukeka kakhulu njengenqwaba 'yethusi' ngaphansi kwama-LED emboni, okubangela ukuthi umugqa umiswe ukuze uqinisekiswe. I-engeli yokusimama lapha ayiqondile kodwa inkulu: ukuvimbela ukuhlangana kugwema ukumosha, ukusebenza kabusha, kanye nezinkumbulo ezingaba khona phansi komugqa. Ngakho ukungaguquguquki nokuqina kombala ngaphansi kwezibani ezihlukene kuba ipharamitha yekhwalithi ebalulekile, evame ukunganakwa.

Khona-ke kukhona ukuqina kokuqina. Inqubo yokudayi engeyinhle ingaqhekeka kancane isendlalelo sechromate esingaphansi. Ngikhumbula iqoqo leminyaka embalwa emuva lapho amantongomane aluhlaza ephrojekthi yokubiyela kagesi yangaphandle aqala ukukhombisa izindawo ezimhlophe zokugqwala phakathi nezinyanga eziyisithupha. Inkinga kwakungekona ukucwecwa kwezinc; kwakuyibhavu likadayi elinolaka elafaka uphawu. Ukwehluleka kwakha inqwaba yemfucuza—ukushintshwa kwabasebenzi, amayunithi alahliwe, namantongomane ngokwawo aba imfucumfucu yensimbi exubene engaphinde igaywe kabusha. Lokho kuphambene nokusimama kwezimboni.

I-Supply Chain ne-Cost Cost

Ukwamukela ama-fasteners anombala akusona nje isinqumo sobuchwepheshe; yi-supply chain. Usuka entweni yempahla (amantongomane e-zinc ajwayelekile) uye kweyejwayelekile. Lokhu kuba nomthelela emananini amancane e-oda, izikhathi zokuhola, nobunkimbinkimbi be-inventory. Kuphrojekthi, sicacise amantongomane e-zinc aphuzi ukuze amise amaphuzu ochungechungeni lwamakhabethe ezokuxhumana. Umqondo wawuhlakaniphile kubasebenzi bokulungisa. Kodwa lapho ukuguqulwa komklamo kuqeda imodeli eyodwa yekhabethe, sasala namaphalethi amathathu enati elithile eliphuzi ngaphandle kolunye uhlelo lokusebenza. Bahlala iminyaka ngaphambi kokuba badayiswe njengemali eshisiwe. Amandla akhona kulawo makinati asebenza kahle amoshakala. Ukuzinza embonini akukhona nje ngezinqubo eziluhlaza; imayelana nokusebenza kahle kwezinto kanye nokunciphisa isitoko esifile.

Yilapho ukubambisana nomkhiqizi okuqonda kokubili ukukhiqizwa nokusetshenziswa kwesicelo kukhokha khona. Inkampani efana I-Handan Zitai Fetesser Comment Co, Ltd., esekelwe engxenyeni enkulu yokukhiqiza yengxenye evamile yase-China e-Yongnian, ngokuvamile inesikali sokusingatha ukugijima okungokwezifiso okufana nokuqedwa okunemibala ngokuphumelelayo. Ukuba seduze kwabo nezixhumanisi ezinkulu zezokuthutha ezifana ne-Beijing-Guangzhou Railway kanye no-National Highway 107 akuyona nje indawo yokuthengisa-kuhumusha ukwehlisa indawo yekhabhoni yezinto zokusetshenziswa nempahla eqediwe. Uma ungeza inqubo efana nombala, ukukhetha umhlinzeki ohlanganiswe ohlelweni lwezemvelo lwemboni oluqinile kunganciphisa okunye ukudonsa kwemvelo okungeziwe.

Izindleko ngocezu ngalunye zithola ukunakwa. Umbala wengeza u-15-30% ezindlekweni zamantongomane asekelwe zinc-plated. Ukulungiswa kufanele kube okuqinile: isikhathi sokuhlanganisa esincishisiwe, izinyathelo zokupenda ezisusiwe ezansi nomfula, noma ukuphepha okuthuthukisiwe kusetshenziswa izingxenye ezibalulekile ezinombala. Uma umbala ufana nje nelogo yenkampani, kunzima ukuvikela njengokuzinzile. Iba ukukhetha kobuhle ngentela yemvelo.

Ukuphela Kwempilo kanye Nokusebenzisa Kabusha

Indlovu le ekameleni. I-zinc-plated steel nut ilula ngokuqhathaniswa ukuphinda isetshenziswe—ukuhlukaniswa kazibuthe, bese ingena ekuncibilikeni kwensimbi. I-zinc coating iyahwamuka. Kodwa odayi be-organic kanye nama-sealants engeziwe ezinguqulweni ezinemibala? Ziba ukungcola ekuncibilikeni noma zidale i-off-gassing. Ngenkathi insimbi igcina itholakele, inqubo ingcolile.

E-Europe, ngeziqondiso eziqinile ze-WEEE ne-ELV, lokhu kuba ukucatshangelwa komklamo wangempela. Sisebenze emkhiqizweni wabathengi lapho ithimba lezentengiso ligcizelela ngezikulufu ezimnyama ezizinki ukuze zibukeke kahle. Umxhumanisi wokugaywa kabusha kuphrojekthi ukuhlabe umkhosi njengengqinamba ekubuyiseleni izinto ekupheleni kwempilo. Kwakudingeka senze izivivinyo ukuze siqinisekise ukuthi ivolumu kadayi yayingaphansi komkhawulo othile. Kwakuyinkathazo edla isikhathi nemali. Isifundo: uma udizayina ukuzungeza kweqiniso, cabanga kabili ngaphambi kokucacisa isiphetho esinombala ngaphandle kokuqonda umthelela wako wokunqamula.

Kukhona izinto ezintsha lapha, njengokwenza izinhlelo zikadayi ezivutha zihlanzeke noma zisebenzisa ama-pigments angenayo inkinga encane. Kodwa lezi zivame ukuba zobunikazi futhi zengeze izindleko ezengeziwe. Imakethe evamile, eqhutshwa amanani, isasebenzisa amakhemikhali amadala. Ngakho-ke lapho ukhipha, ukubuza umenzi mayelana nokwakheka kukadayi kanye nokuziphatha kwawo kwezinga eliphezulu lokushisa akuyona imfundo-yikukhuthala okufanelekile kokusimama komjikelezo wempilo.

I-Case in Point: Lapho Umbala Wengeza Inani Langempela

Ake sikhulume ngesibonelo esihle, sidlulela ngale kwethiyori. Ekwakhiweni kwe-modular—amaphaneli odonga angaphambi kwendwangu, ama-racks asetshenziswayo—amamojula ahlukene asebenzisa amamaki amabhawodi ahlukene noma osayizi. Ukusebenzisa umbala ukuhlukanisa inadi Lebanga 8.8 ku-10.9 endaweni, ikakhulukazi ezimweni ezinothuli noma ezisheshayo, kuvimbela ukuxubana okuyinhlekelele. Lapha, umbala awuyona into enhle ukuba nayo; kuyisici esibalulekile sokuphepha nekhwalithi. Inzuzo yokusimama isekuhlulekeni kwesakhiwo okugwenyiwe, udoti wezinto ezibonakalayo ovela ekuhlakazweni, kanye nesibopho sezomthetho esingaba khona.

Enye isezindaweni zokunakekela-ezisindayo njengezitshalo zamakhemikhali. Amasistimu wamapayipi ngokuvamile asebenzisa amakhodi ombala kumidiya (okuphuzi kugesi, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka emanzini, njll.). Ukuba namantongomane namabhawodi afana nekhodi yombala wepayipi kusiza ekulungiseni ngokushesha, okulungile nasekulungiseni. Okunye wukupenda izigxivizo esizeni, esingcolile, sisebenzisa amakhompiyutha aphilayo aguquguqukayo, nama-chips opende kalula. Isiphetho se-zinc esinemibala esetshenziswe kahle sihlala isikhathi eside futhi siqeda leso sinyathelo sokudweba. Kulesi simo, i-nati elinemibala liyisinqumo esimeme ngaphezu komjikelezo walo wokuphila.

Okubalulekile inhloso. Ishidi lokucaciswa akufanele lifunde nje amantongomane abomvu e-zinc, kodwa i-zinc nut ebomvu ukuze kuhlonzwe okubonakalayo koxhumo olunamandla aphezulu nge-ASTM F1941 ngayinye noma into efanayo. Inhloso nezinga kumele kubhalwe phansi. Lokhu kuziphatha kuguqula ukukhetha okuzicabangelayo kube ingxenye eklanyelwe, futhi ethethelelekayo, yomklamo.

Ngakho-ke, Ingabe Zizinzile?

Akukho blanket yebo noma cha. Ukusimama kwe amantongomane e-zinc anemibala incike ngokuphelele kuhlelo lokusebenza. Zingaba ithuluzi lokuvimbela udoti nokusebenza kahle, noma zingaba umthombo wobunzima nokungcola okungadingekile. Ucingo lokwahlulela luhlala nonjiniyela noma isicacisi.

Umthetho wami wesithupha, owenziwe ezifundweni ezimbalwa ezibizayo: Okokuqala, inselele isidingo sombala. Ingabe ikhona indlela engeyona yamakhemikhali yokufeza umgomo ofanayo (njengomaka okuhlukile ekhanda)? Okwesibili, uma umbala udingeka, tshala imali kwikhwalithi. Isiphetho esishibhile, esingaguquki sizohluleka futhi sidale imfucuza. Uzakwethu nomkhiqizi oqinisekisiwe olawula inqubo yakhe. Okwesithathu, cabangela umjikelezo wempilo ogcwele—kusuka kwamanye amabhavu e-Hebei kuya endaweni yokugaya kabusha e-Dortmund. Ingabe inzuzo esesigabeni sokusebenzisa idlula izindleko zemvelo zangaphambili nangemuva?

Ekugcineni, ukusimama kwezimboni kumayelana nokunemba. Imayelana nokwengeza izinqubo kuphela lapho ziletha inani elingalingani. I-zinc nut, endaweni efanele, iyisinqumo esihlakaniphile, esimeme. Endaweni engafanele, iwukugeza okuluhlaza nje ngendlela engokoqobo, futhi ngokuxakayo, engeyona eluhlaza. Umnyakazo wembonini kufanele ugxile ekucacisweni okuhlakaniphe kakhulu, hhayi ukutholwa okusobala noma ukwenqatshwa. Kulezi zinqumo ezibucayi, ezisezingeni lengxenye lapho ukukhiqizwa kwangempela okusimeme kwakhiwe.