Amabhawodi anamathangi: aqinile ekwakhiweni? 

Ubona ‘uthayela’ eshidini elithile, futhi umcabango osheshayo ‘umelana nokugqwala, uhlala isikhathi eside, muhle.’ Kodwa ingabe iyonke indaba yokusimama? Bengilokhu ngifuna futhi ngicacisa izixhumi zokwakhiwa kwezimboni nezohwebo iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi, futhi ingxoxo emayelana namabhawudi athathiwe ukuba ukukhetha ‘okuluhlaza’ ngokuvamile ilula kakhulu. Akukhona nje mayelana nokugqoka kwe-zinc. Kumayelana nomjikelezo wokuphila: amandla okukhiqiza lokho kunamathela, isikhathi eside esikunikeza empeleni ezindaweni ezihlukene, nokuthi kwenzekani ngebhawodi ngemva kokuphela kwempilo yesakhiwo. Sithambekele ekuhlanganiseni konke ukucwebezela ndawonye, ​​kodwa ukucwebezela kwe-hot-dip ngemva kokwenziwa kuqhathaniswa ne-electroplating kuhlukene imihlaba ngokusebenza kanye nendawo ezungezile. Ake sikukhiphe lokho.

Umbuzo Wezinc: Okungaphezu Kokumboza Nje

I-Hot-dip galvanizing (HDG) iyisisindo esinzima. Ucwilisa ibhawodi elakhiwe endaweni yokugeza ye-zinc encibilikisiwe. Umphumela uba ukuthi ugqinsi, ngezinye izikhathi amaholoholo kancane, enamathela akha isibopho metallurgical. Endaweni enomswakama ophezulu, enosawoti omningi—cabanga ngezakhiwo ezisogwini noma izitshalo zokuhlanza amanzi angcolile—lokhu wuhambo lwakho. Ingakwazi ukusunduza impilo yesevisi iye eminyakeni engama-50+ ngokulungiswa okuncane. Leyo impikiswano eqinile yokusimama: ukufakwa okukodwa, akukho ukupendiwa kabusha, akukho ukumiselela kwezizukulwane. Amandla ahlanganisiwe alayishwa ngaphambili, kodwa ayakhokha.

Khona-ke kukhona i-electro-galvanizing. Izacile, icwebezela, ishibhile. Kubukeka kucocekile ebhokisini. Kodwa ekuxhumaneni kwesakhiwo okubhekene nesimo sezulu esingaguquki, kungakunika kuphela iminyaka eyi-10-15 ngaphambi kokuthi ukugqwala okubomvu kuqale ukopha. Ngikubonile kumaphrojekthi ashibhile ezindawo zokugcina izimpahla lapho i-specpe yayingacacile, ibiza nje ukuthi ‘kufakwe uthayela.’ Usonkontileka uthole inketho ebiza kancane, futhi kwadingeka sigunyaze ukushintshwa kwamalunga abalulekile ngaphambi kokusayina. Lokho kuphambene nokusimama-kuyimfucuza efihliwe njengesixazululo.

Isinqumo sangempela sokwahlulela siza ezindaweni ezinolaka oluncane. Ngohlaka lwensimbi lwangaphakathi esimweni sezulu esomile, ingabe i-HDG iyaqina? Kungenzeka. Kodwa-ke ucabangela ukuzivumelanisa nezimo esikhathini esizayo. Uma leso sakhiwo sike sashintshwa, lelo bhawodi lisavikelekile. Umphakeli engisebenze naye, I-Handan Zitai Fetesser Comment Co, Ltd. ephuma e-Yongnian, e-Hebei (leso sizinda esikhulu sokukhiqiza izinsimbi), ngokuvamile ihlaba umkhosi leli phuzu. Amanothi abo obuchwepheshe agcizelela ukuthi ukucacisa inqubo efanele yesimo sesevisi esilindelekile kuyisinyathelo sokuqala esiya ekusebenzeni kahle kwensiza yangempela. Indawo yabo eduze kwemizila emikhulu yezokuthutha efana ne-Beijing-Guangzhou Railway isho ukuthi babona ama-oda amaningi okuthekelisa lapho imininingwane kufanele icace ngokumangalisayo.

Okungokoqobo Okukusayithi Nezindleko Ezifihliwe

Nali ikhanda elisebenzayo: i-hydrogen embrittlement. Amabhawodi aqine kakhulu (iBanga lesi-8.8 nangaphezulu) afakwe ngogesi angathinteka kalula. Ukuhlanzwa kwe-asidi ngesikhathi sokucwecwa kungangenisa i-hydrogen ensimbi, kuyenze ibe brittle futhi ithambekele ekuhlulekeni okuyinhlekelele ngaphansi kwengcindezi. Kuyinkinga eyaziwayo, kepha esizeni esilandela umkhondo, ubani ohlola izitifiketi zeqoqo zokwelashwa kwe-hydrogen? Ngikhumbula iphrojekthi yedekhi yebhuloho lapho kwadingeka senqabe wonke ukuthunyelwa kwamabhawudi anothayela aqinile ngenxa yokuthi izitifiketi zokuhlola zazishoda ngedatha ebalulekile yokubhaka nge-hydrogen. Ukubambezeleka kubiza ngaphezu kwamabhawudi ngokwawo.

Enye i-nuance ukubekezelelana kwentambo. I-HDG ewugqinsi ingathinta ukulingana. Ngokuvamile udinga ukuthepha inathi noma usebenzise ukuthepha okungaphezu kobukhulu. Uma lokho kungabalwa ngakho emidwebeni yedizayini, uthola abasebenzi esizeni abazabalaza ukuklikha amabhawodi ekhaya, okungenzeka baqede imicu futhi babeke engcupheni ukuvikela ukugqwala. Kuyinto encane edala ukungqubuzana okukhulu-ngokoqobo. Isinqumo esisimeme siyahlukana uma singakwazi ukufakwa ngendlela efanele.

Khona-ke kukhona ukuhambisana. Awukwazi ukumane ushaye ibhawudi elinothayela ensimbi yesimo sezulu engalungiswanga. Ukusabela kwe-galvanic kuzosheshisa ukugqwala kwelungu lensimbi. Ngikubonile lokhu ohlelweni lokusekela lwe-fa?ade. Umakhi wayefuna ukugqwala kwensimbi ye-Corten, kodwa imininingwane yokuxhuma icacise ihadiwe enamagalani. Phakathi neminyaka emibili, kwakukhona imigqa emibi kanye ne-pitting yendawo. Sigcine sishintshela kuzibophelelo zensimbi engagqwali kulawo maphuzu athile—ukulungisa okubiza kakhulu kodwa okuhambisanayo.

I-Lifecycle kanye Nomdlalo Wokuphela

Ngakho-ke, sicabanga ukuthi ibhawudi elinothayela lihlala impilo yesakhiwo. Kodwa kuyini lokho kuphila? Indawo yokugcina impahla ingase idilizwe eminyakeni engu-30 ukuze ithuthukiswe kabusha. Ngaleso sikhathi, ibhawodi lisasesimweni esihle. Kuhle lokho? Manje iyingxenye yomfudlana wensimbi yensimbi. I-zinc coating izolahleka kakhulu esithandweni sokugaya kabusha-iyashintshashintsha. Insimbi ngokwayo igaywa kabusha ngokuphelele, kepha i-zinc ihambile. Lokho ukulahlekelwa yizinto ezinomkhawulo.

Yilapho ukuqhathanisa nensimbi engagqwali kuthakazelisa. I-Stainless (i-A4-80, ngokwesibonelo) ine-carbon footprint yokuqala ephezulu kakhulu ekukhiqizeni. Kodwa uma ivumela ukuqaqa futhi kusetshenziswe kabusha yonke ibhawudi esakhiweni esisha, i-calculus iyashintsha. Asikabi lapho ngomkhuba ojwayelekile, kodwa emibuthanweni yokuklama engakhiwe, kuyinkulumompikiswano ebukhoma. Ingabe a ibhawodi likathayela ukusetshenziswa okukodwa ngokwemvelo ngoba kuvame ukusikwa noma konakaliswe ngesikhathi sokubhidlizwa? Ngokuvamile, yebo.

Ngibheka izitifiketi zokusimama ezifana ne-LEED noma i-BREEAM. Banikeza ikhredithi ngokuqukethwe okugaywe kabusha. Insimbi kubhawodi elithathiwe kuvame ukuba nengxenye ephezulu egaywe kabusha, okuyinhlanganisela. Kodwa abavamisile ukujezisa ubuthi obungaba khona bokugeleza kwe-zinc ngesikhathi sokuphila kwayo (okuncane uma kuhlanganiswe kahle) noma ukushuba kwamandla enqubo yokugaya ngokwayo. Isistimu yokulinganisa ayithwebuli isithombe esigcwele, ngakho ukwahlulela kwethu kochwepheshe kufanele kugcwalise izikhala.

Iphuzu Lendaba: Ukuhluleka Kwendlela Yasogwini

Isibonelo esiphathekayo. Umgwaqo ogudle ugu kamasipala wasebenzisa amabhawodi okuhaswa ngothayela ukuze uvikele izinsimbi zamapulangwe ezinsikeni zikakhonkolo. I-spec isanda kuthi ‘hot-dip galvanized.’ Ayizange icacise ukujiya koqweqwe. Amabhawodi athathwe abesezingeni eliphansi. Endaweni yokuchaphaza, ngesifutho sikasawoti esihlala njalo, ukumbozwa kwaqedwa eminyakeni engaphansi kweyisikhombisa. Amakhanda e-bolt agqwalile futhi anda, aqhekeka izindlu zikakhonkolo.

I-retrofit yayiyinhlakanhlaka. Kwakudingeka sikhiphe amabhawodi amadala futhi sifake amasha, kulokhu sicacisa ikilasi lokumboza elijiyile (isb., ukuya ku-ISO 1461, Ikilasi lesi-4) futhi sidinga ukuthintwa endaweni kwanoma yimiphi imihuzuko enopende we-zinc ephezulu. Siyini isifundo? Ukusimama akuyona nje impahla; ukunemba kokucaciswa. Isicelo esijwayelekile sokuthi 'amabhawodi akhandisiwe‘kucishe kube yize. Udinga inqubo, ukujiya, kanye nephrothokholi yokuvikela ngemuva kokufakwa.

Yilapho abakhiqizi abanokwesekwa okuqinile kwezobuchwepheshe bebalulekile. Inkampani evele ikuthengisele ibhokisi lamabhawudi ayisizi. Leyo ehlinzeka ngamathebula okugqwala, imihlahlandlela yohlelo lokusebenza, kanye nedatha ecacile ngokujiya koqweqwe lwezindawo ezahlukahlukene. Ishintsha ukuthengwa kwempahla kube ukucaciswa kokusebenza.

Ukuhamba Ngaphandle Kokukhetha kanambambili

Ngakho-ke, ingabe amabhawodi anamathayela aqinile? Umbuzo ongalungile. Umbuzo olungile uthi: Ingabe ziwukukhetha okuhlala isikhathi eside, okufanele, futhi okusebenziseka kalula kwezinsiza kulolu xhumo oluthile kule ndawo ethile kule nkathi yokuphila elindelekile? Ngezinye izikhathi, impendulo ingu-yebo oqinile. Okwesakhiwo esijwayelekile sohlaka lwensimbi endaweni ejwayelekile yasemadolobheni, amabhawodi e-HDG ayisixazululo esiqinile, esifakazelwe esinciphisa ukunakekelwa kwempilo yonke.

Ngezinye izikhathi, impendulo ingase ibe ‘cha.’ Mhlawumbe ibholithi eyenziwe ngogesi yomshini ohlanzekile, olawulwayo wangaphakathi. Noma mhlawumbe, ekuxhumekeni okubucayi, okungafinyeleleki kuzilungiselelo ezigqwala kakhulu, i-duplex coating (insimbi engagqwali enesendlalelo sangaphandle esinezinsimbi) iyindlela esimeme ngempela, naphezu kwezindleko zayo, ngoba iqinisekisa ukungenelela kokugcinwa kwe-zero.

I-takeway yami ngemuva kwayo yonke le minyaka? Ungayengwe ilebula elula. Gcoba kunqubo. Cacisa ngemininingwane ebuhlungu. Cabangela lonke iketango, kusukela emandleni okukhiqiza endaweni efana I-Handan Zitai Fastener (ungabheka imininingwane yenqubo yabo esizeni sabo, https://www.zitaifasteners.com) kubasebenzi ababhidlizayo abazogcina bebhekane nakho. Yilapho ukusimama kwangempela ekwakhiweni kuphila khona-emininingwaneni engcolile, engathandeki yebhawodi elula.