Mukamva mphamvu yayikulu ya black gasket, chimabwera m'malingaliro? Ambiri amangoganiza za mtunduwo - wamtundu wa matte kapena nthawi zina wonyezimira pang'ono - ndikuwufananitsa ndi magwiridwe antchito apamwamba. Koma ndiye msampha woyamba. Utoto umangokhala wothira pamwamba, nthawi zambiri zokutira phosphate kapena oxide, nthawi zina zokutira za elastomeric zosindikizira zina. Funso lolimba kwenikweni siliri la mtundu womwe umagwira; ndi za ngati mphamvu yapamwamba zinthu zapakatikati, kuphatikiza ndi pamwamba pake, zimatha kupirira malo omwe amaponyedwamo. Ndawonapo ma projekiti ambiri pomwe gulu lidatchulapo gasket yakuda kuti ikhale yothamanga kwambiri, yokometsedwa ndi mawonekedwe olimba, kungoyang'anizana ndi kulephera msanga chifukwa amangoyang'ana kukongola m'malo moyika zinthu ndi ntchito.

The Core Back Color

Tiyeni tivule. Mphamvu yayikulu nthawi zambiri imatanthawuza pakatikati pazitsulo. Nthawi zambiri timalankhula za zitsulo zamasika (monga 301/304/316 zosapanga dzimbiri), chitsulo cha carbon, kapena nthawi zina ma alloys amkuwa-nickel. Dongosolo lakuda, monga zokutira za zinc phosphate pa chitsulo cha kaboni, makamaka limapereka kukana kwa dzimbiri komanso kugundana pang'ono kwapamtunda kuti mugwire bwino. Sichimasintha mwamatsenga zinthu zotsika kwambiri kukhala zapamwamba kwambiri. Mphamvu imachokera ku mkwiyo wachitsulo ndi makulidwe ake. Kuyang'anira kofala ndikutchula makulidwe popanda kuganizira za kugawa katundu. Gasket ya 1.5mm, yodetsedwa ya 304SS imatha kuyang'ana gawolo, koma pansi pa bawuti yayikulu mu flange yosagwirizana, imatha kutulutsa kapena kukwawa, kutaya mphamvu yake yosindikiza. Chophimba chakudacho chingakhale chidakali chokhazikika, kumapereka lingaliro labodza lachitetezo pomwe chisindikizo chalephera kale.

Ndikukumbukira nkhani ina pa retrofit exchanger kutentha. Wogulayo anaumirira pa gasket yakuda ya oxide-yokutidwa ndi carbon steel spiral bala ya chingwe cha nthunzi yotentha kwambiri, kutchula kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mzere wamadzi m'mbuyomu. Kutentha kwapanjinga ndi ma condensate a mankhwala muutumiki wa nthunzi zinaukira pakatikati pa chitsulo cha kaboni pansi pa zokutira. Chophimbacho chidakhazikika, koma tidapeza kuti chitsulo chambiri chikung'ambika m'miyezi isanu ndi itatu yokha. Kukhalitsa kwapamwamba kwakuda kunali hering'i yofiira. Tidasinthira ku bala lopanda banga lokhala ndi ma graphite, lokutidwa ndi 316L, lomwe linathetsa. Kodi tikuphunzirapo chiyani? Chilengedwe - kutentha, media, pH, kuthamanga kwa njinga - kumayang'anira zofunikira. Mtunduwu ndi wongochitika mwangozi.

Chinthu chinanso chodziwika bwino ndi kukhulupirika kwake. Sikuti zokutira zonse zakuda ndizofanana. Chophimba chotsika mtengo, chopyapyala cha phosphate chimatha pakuyika kapena kusuntha pang'ono, ndikuyika chitsulo chopanda dzimbiri. Chophimba chakuda chakuda cha elastomer, monga fluoroelastomer, chimawonjezera kukana kwa mankhwala koma chikhoza kukhala chochepa kutentha. Muyenera kudziwa zomwe mukugula. Nthawi zambiri ndimafunsa ogulitsa pepala la zokutira - kodi ndi ASTM A380 yopanda banga? Kodi ndi polima eni ake? Ngati sangathe kupereka, ndiye mbendera yofiira.

Pressure, Kutentha, ndi Finyani

Kukhalitsa pansi pa katundu ndi pamene chiphunzitso chimakumana ndi chopukusira. A gasket si chigawo chongokhala; ndi chinthu chopangidwa chomwe chiyenera kuyenda pansi pa bawuti kuti mudzaze zofooka za flange, ndikusunga zotanuka kuti chisindikizocho chisungidwe pamene dongosolo likuwotcha komanso kusinthasintha. Kupaka kwakuda kumakhudza kugundana kwapakati. Kukangana kwakukulu (komwe zokutira zina zakuda kumapereka) kumatha kukhala kwabwino kukana kuphulika koma kungafunike ma torque apamwamba kwambiri kuti mukwaniritse kukakamiza koyambirira. Ngati torque sinasinthidwe, mutha kupanikizana pang'ono, zomwe zimatsogolera kutayikira kuyambira tsiku loyamba.

Tidathamangira mu izi pamzere wotsitsa wa compressor. Pogwiritsa ntchito jekete yachitsulo yokhala ndi zitsulo zakuda zakuda, mafinyawo adagwiritsa ntchito ma torque awo. Kuyesa koyambirira kwa hydro kunadutsa, koma pogwira ntchito, ndi njinga yamoto yotentha, tidakhala ndikudontha kosalekeza. Pakuwonongeka, gasket idawonetsa mawonekedwe osakwanira - chophimbacho sichinasunthike kwathunthu kumaso a flange, kuwonetsa kuti sichinapanikizidwe kwathunthu. Chophimbacho chinali chokhuthala komanso cholimba kuposa cha omwe adapereka kale. Tinayenera kugunda torque pafupifupi 15% pakukula kofananako. Ndi tsatanetsatane yaying'ono, koma idapha kukhazikika za kukhazikitsa kumeneko mpaka titazindikira.

Kutentha ndi kupha kwina. Chophimba chabwino chakuda chimenecho pa gasket wachitsulo cha carbon steel chikhoza kukhala chabwino mpaka 500 ° F, koma pamwamba pake, chikhoza kusokoneza, kuyaka, kapena sinter. Ndawonapo zokutira zakuda zikusanduka phulusa la ufa muzopaka zotentha kwambiri, kusiya pachimake chachitsulo poyera. Kwa mautumiki apamwamba kwambiri, mukuyang'ana utoto wapadera wotentha kwambiri kapena, nthawi zambiri, kuvomereza kuti chophimbacho chidzawotcha ndikudalira kukana kwa oxidation yachitsulo chapakati pazitsulo zokha, monga kugwiritsa ntchito 321SS kapena Inconel. Wakuda muzochitika izi nthawi zambiri amangozindikiritsa koyambirira komanso kupewa dzimbiri posungira, osati pakuchita ntchito.

Zolephera Zenizeni Zapadziko Lonse ndi Zomwe Amaphunzitsa

Palibe chomwe chimaphunzitsa ngati kulephera. Ndimakumbukira gulu la ma gaskets a mphete yakuda-osayidi yokutidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala. Zinthuzo zinali zolondola (316SS), kukakamiza kwake kunali bwino. Iwo analephera pasanathe milungu ndi dzenje dzimbiri pansi zokutira. Chifukwa chake? Chloride mu njira mtsinje. Chophimba chakuda cha oxide pa chosapanga dzimbiri, pomwe chili chabwino kukana dzimbiri, nthawi zina chimatha kupanga ming'alu ngati sichiyikidwa bwino. Ma chloride otsekeredwa m'ming'alu yaying'ono ya zokutirayo, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti pansi pake pakhale maenje ndi dzimbiri zosapanga dzimbiri. Chophimbacho chinathandiziradi kulephera. Tidasinthira ku chigwa, chowotcha komanso chodutsa 316SS gasket popanda zokutira, ndipo vutolo lidatha. Nthawi zina, kutsirizitsa kolimba kwambiri sikutha konse.

Mtundu wina wamakono ndi galvanic corrosion. Chitsulo chachitsulo chakuda chakuda chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakati pa ma flanges awiri osapanga dzimbiri. Chophimbacho chimakandwa pakuyika pamabowo a bawuti kapena m'mphepete. Tsopano muli ndi anode yaying'ono (mpweya wa kaboni) wokhudza cathode yayikulu (yopanda banga), m'malo owongolera. Mpweya wa kaboni umawononga kwambiri, kuwononga gawo lonyamula katundu la gasket. Kupaka kwakuda kumawoneka bwino kupitirira 90% pamtunda, koma gasket imasokonezedwa m'mphepete mwazovuta. Ichi ndichifukwa chake kuyanjana kwazinthu ndi gawo loyamba losakambitsirana, lofunika kwambiri kuposa mtundu wapamtunda.

Zochitika izi zimandipangitsa kukhala wokayikira kwambiri pamabuku aliwonse omwe amangolemba ma gasket wakuda ngati chinthu chofunikira. Zolemba zenizeni - ASME B16.20, B16.21, ma certs (monga kuchokera kwa wopanga odziwika bwino monga Malingaliro a kampani Handan Zitai Fastener Manufacturing Co., Ltd., yozikidwa m'malo opangira ma fasteners aku China omwe ali ndi netiweki yolimba yamagetsi), kutsika kwa kutentha kwapakatikati, ndi mafotokozedwe okutira - ndizofunikira. Webusaitiyi https://www.zitaifasteners.com mwina lembani mankhwala awo, koma kukambirana kwenikweni akuyamba pamene inu funsani malipoti mayeso kumbuyo awo gasket wakuda mndandanda.

Kuyika - Nthawi Yowona

Kukhalitsa kumapangidwanso pakukhazikitsa. Gasket yokutidwa ndi wakuda imatha kukhala yosavuta kuthana ndi kuwonongeka. Kuchigwetsa pansi pa konkire kungathe kupukuta zokutira. Kugwiritsa ntchito burashi yawaya kuyeretsa flange yakale ndikupumitsa gasket yatsopanoyo kumatha kuyika tinthu tating'onoting'ono mu zokutira zofewa. Nthawi zonse ndimalimbikira kuti ndikhale ndi manja oyera, ovala magolovesi komanso malo oyera. Chophimba ndicho mzere woyamba wa chitetezo; kuphwanya pokhazikitsa kuli ngati kujambula mpanda mutathyola matabwa.

Kupaka mafuta ndi mfundo ina. Kodi muyenera kuthira mafuta opaka utoto wakuda? Nthawi zambiri, ayi. Chophimbacho nthawi zambiri chimapangidwira kukangana kwapadera. Kuonjezera mafuta osagwirizana kungathe kuwononga zokutira kapena kupanga malo oterera omwe amalimbikitsa kuphulika kwa gasket mopanikizika. Nkhope za flange ziyenera kukhala zoyera ndi zowuma pokhapokha ngati wopanga gasket amalimbikitsa kuti asamagwire (nthawi zambiri pamitundu ina ya graphite kapena PTFE). Ili ndi dera lina lomwe kuganiza kuti ma gaskets onse akuda ndi ofanana kumabweretsa mavuto.

Kuchitira umboni prepressurization woyamba kunena. Gasket yabwino, yokhazikika idzakhala pansi ndikugwira. Nthawi zina, ndi mtundu watsopano, mutha kuwona kulira pang'ono komwe kumamatira momwe zokutirazo zimayendera - nthawi zambiri zimakhala bwino. Koma kutayikira kosalekeza kumatanthauza kuti pali cholakwika: zinthu zolakwika, kusakwanira kwa bawuti, zokutira zowonongeka, kapena zovuta za nkhope ya flange. Simungathe kumangokhalira kugwedezeka; muyenera kufufuza.

Ndiye, Kodi Kukhalitsa Kumatanthauza Chiyani Kwenikweni?

Pomaliza, kwa a mkulu mphamvu wakuda gasket, kulimba kumatanthawuza kuti imasunga ntchito yake yosindikiza pa moyo wautumiki womwe wapangidwira pansi pazimene zatchulidwa. Chophimba chakuda ndi gawo la izo, koma chimodzi chokha. Ntchito yake ndi kuteteza panthawi yosungira ndi kusamalira, kupereka mikangano yosasinthasintha, ndikupereka kukana koyambirira kwa dzimbiri. Kukweza kolemera kumachitidwa ndi mphamvu zokolola zachitsulo chapakati, kukana kukwawa, ndi kugwirizana.

Ndikawunika, ndimaziphwanya m'maganizo: 1) Zinthu zazikuluzikulu zamafuta ndi malo otentha. 2) Kupanga (lathyathyathya, bala lozungulira, jekete) la kukakamizidwa ndi mtundu wa flange. 3) Kupaka mtundu wa kugwirira ndi kusindikiza koyamba. 4) Ndondomeko yoyika. Kupanda aliyense kumasokoneza dongosolo lonse. Gasket yochokera kwa wopanga mwapadera m'dera la mafakitale, monga Chigawo cha Yongnian komwe Handan Zitai Fastener imagwira ntchito, nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mwayi wopanga zinthu zophatikizika kuchokera ku waya / katundu kupita kuzinthu zomalizidwa, zomwe zingatanthauze kusasinthika kwazinthu zazikuluzikulu - gawo lofunikira kwambiri.

Pamapeto pake, musatengeke ndi mtundu. Nenani zofunikira zogwirira ntchito kaye, kenako onani chithandizo chapamwamba, ngati chilipo, chikukwanira. Gasket yolimba kwambiri ndi yomwe mumayiwala mutatha kukhazikitsa chifukwa imangogwira ntchito, kaya ndi yakuda, siliva, kapena chitsulo chosavuta. Utoto ndi wotithandiza m'nyumba yosungiramo zinthu, osati pamakina. Makina amangoganizira za chisindikizo.