Uma uzwa i-gasket emnyama enamandla aphezulu, yini efika engqondweni? Abaningi bacabanga ngokushesha ngombala - lowo matte noma ngezinye izikhathi obumnyama obucwebezelayo - futhi bawulinganise nokusebenza okuphezulu. Kodwa lowo ngumgibe wokuqala. Umbala uwukwelashwa okungaphezulu nje, ngokuvamile i-phosphate noma i-oxide coating, ngezinye izikhathi i-elastomeric coating yezimpawu ezithile. Umbuzo wokuqina wangempela awukona mayelana nombala obambele phezulu; mayelana nokuthi amandla aphezulu impahla ewumgogodla, ehlanganiswe naleyo ndawo, ingamelana nendawo ethile ephonswe kuyo. Ngibone amaphrojekthi amaningi kakhulu lapho ithimba licacise khona i-gasket emnyama ye-flange enengcindezi ephezulu, ethotshiswe ukubukeka okuqinile, ukuze abhekane nokwehluleka ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngoba agxile ebuhleni kunesitaki sezinto ezibonakalayo nezimo zesevisi.

Ingqikithi Engemuva Kombala

Masiyihlubule futhi. Amandla aphezulu ngokuvamile abhekisela kumongo wensimbi. Sivame ukukhuluma ngensimbi yasentwasahlobo (njenge-301/304/316 engagqwali), i-carbon steel, noma ngezinye izikhathi ama-alloys e-copper-nickel. Inqubo yokwenza mnyama, njengokwembozwa kwe-zinc phosphate ku-carbon steel, ihlinzeka ngokuyinhloko ukumelana nokugqwala kanye nokungqubuzana okuncane kwendawo ukuze ibambe kangcono. Ayiguquli ngomlingo impahla yezinga eliphansi ibe esezingeni eliphezulu. Amandla avela ekuthukutheleni kwensimbi nokushuba. Ukwengamela okuvamile ukucacisa ukushuba ngaphandle kokucabangela ukusatshalaliswa komthwalo. I-gasket engu-1.5mm ewugqinsi, emnyama engu-304SS ingase ibukeke ingxenye, kodwa ngaphansi komthwalo webhawodi ophezulu ku-flange engalingani, ingakhiqiza noma inyakaze, ilahlekelwe amandla ayo okuvala. Isembozo esimnyama singase singaguquki, sinikeze umuzwa ongamanga wokulondeka kuyilapho uphawu seluvele lwehlulekile.

Ngikhumbula icala le-retrofit yesishintshi sokushisa. Iklayenti ligcizelele ukuthi kufakwe i-carbon steel spiral ulcer gasket emnyama yomugqa wesitimu esishisa kakhulu, icaphuna ukusetshenziswa okuyimpumelelo esikhathini esidlule emugqeni wamanzi. Izinga lokushisa lokuhamba ngebhayisikili nokujiya kwamakhemikhali kusevisi yesitimu kuhlasele inkaba yensimbi ye-carbon ngaphansi kwe-coating. I-coating ngokwayo imile, kodwa sathola ukugqwala kwengcindezi kuqhekeka emiphethweni yensimbi ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili nje. Ukuqina kwendawo emnyama kwakuyi-herring ebomvu ephelele. Sishintshele enxebeni elivunguzayo eligcwele i-graphite, elivalwe ngomnyama elingu-316L, elilixazululile. Siyini isifundo? Imvelo - izinga lokushisa, imidiya, i-pH, ukuhamba ngebhayisikili - ibeka izinto eziyinhloko. Umbala uyazenzekela.

Enye i-nuance ubuqotho be-coating ngokwayo. Akuwona wonke ama-coatings amnyama alinganayo. Ingubo ye-phosphate eshibhile, emincane ingaguga ngesikhathi sokufakwa noma ukusuka ekunyakazeni okuncane kwe-flange, iveze insimbi engenalutho ekugqwaleni. I-elastomer emnyama enamandla kakhulu, njenge-fluoroelastomer, ingeza ukumelana namakhemikhali kodwa ingaba nomkhawulo wokushisa. Kufanele wazi ukuthi uthengani. Ngivame ukubuza abahlinzeki beshidi le-coating - ingabe i-ASTM A380 ye-stainless? Ingabe i-polymer yobunikazi? Uma bengakwazi ukukunikeza, lokho ifulegi elibomvu.

Ingcindezi, izinga lokushisa kanye nokukhama

Ukuqina ngaphansi komthwalo yilapho ithiyori ihlangana nomshini wokugaya. A gassela akuyona ingxenye yokwenziwa; kuyisici esiklanyelwe okufanele sigeleze ngaphansi komthwalo webhawodi ukuze sigcwalise ukungapheleli kwe-flange, bese sigcina ukululama okunwebekayo ukuze kugcinwe uphawu njengoba isistimu ishisa futhi izingcindezi zishintshashintsha. I-coefficient emnyama ithinta i-coefficient ye-friction. Ukungqubuzana okuphezulu (okuhlinzekwa ngamanye ama-coatings amnyama) kungaba kuhle ukumelana nokuqhuma kodwa kungase kudinge i-torque yebhawudi ephezulu ukuze kuzuzwe ukuminyanisa kwasekuqaleni okufanele. Uma i-torque ingalungiswanga, ungase ucindezele kancane, okuholela ekuvuzeni kusukela ngosuku lokuqala.

Sigijimela kulokhu ngomugqa wokukhipha i-compressor. Besebenzisa i-gasket yejakhethi yensimbi evalwe ngomnyama yomphakeli omusha, izithameli zisebenzisa amanani azo ajwayelekile etorque. Ukuhlolwa kokuqala kwamanzi okuphehla amanzi kwaphumelela, kodwa ekusebenzeni, ngamabhayisikili ashisayo, savuza okuqhubekayo. Lapho i-disassembly, i-gasket ibonise unyawo olungaphelele - ukugqoka kwakungadluliswanga ngokugcwele ebusweni be-flange, okubonisa ukuthi akukaze kucindezelwe ngokugcwele. I-coating yayijiyile futhi ibambelela kuneyomphakeli wangaphambili. Bekufanele sishaye itorque cishe ngo-15% ngosayizi ofanayo. Kuyimininingwane encane, kodwa yabulala ukuqina yalokho kufakwa kuze kube yilapho sesikutholile.

Izinga lokushisa lingomunye umbulali. Leyo ngubo enhle emnyama ku-carbon steel gasket ejwayelekile ingase ifike ku-500°F, kodwa ngaphezu kwalokho, ingehlisa isithunzi, ishise, noma i-sinter. Ngibone izimbotshana ezimnyama ziphenduka umlotha oyimpuphu ekusetshenzisweni kokushisa okuphezulu, okushiya umgogodla wensimbi obala. Ngamasevisi okushisa okuphezulu, ubheka opende abakhethekile bezinga lokushisa eliphezulu noma, ngokuvamile, ukwamukela ukuthi i-coating izovutha futhi incike ekuphikisaneni kwe-oxidation ephezulu yensimbi ewumgogodla ngokwayo, njengokusebenzisa i-321SS noma i-Inconel. Okumnyama kulezi zimo ngokuvamile kungokokuhlonza kanye nokuvimbela ukugqwala endaweni yokugcina, hhayi okokusebenza kwangaphakathi kwesevisi.

Ukwehluleka Kwangempela Komhlaba kanye Nalokho Abakufundisayo

Ayikho into efundisa njengokwehluleka. Ngikhumbula iqoqo lama-black-oxide coated flat ring gaskets ngobuningi bokucubungula amakhemikhali. Izinto ezibonakalayo zazilungile (316SS), isilinganiso sokucindezela sasilungile. Bahluleka kungakapheli amasonto ngokugqwala komgodi ngaphansi koqweqwe. Imbangela? Ama-chloride emfudlaneni wenqubo. Ukufakwa kwe-oksidi emnyama kokungenasici, kuyilapho kukulungele ukumelana nokugqwala okuvamile, kwesinye isikhathi kungadala izimo zokuqhekeka uma kungasetshenziswanga kahle. Ama-chloride avaleleke emifantwini emincane yokumboza aholele ekugxumeni kwemigodi nokugqwala kokungenasici ngaphansi. I-coating empeleni ibe nomthelela ekwehlulekeni. Sashintshela endaweni ethafeni, efakwe emanzini anosawoti futhi yadlula i-316SS ngaphandle kokunamathela, futhi inkinga yashabalala. Kwesinye isikhathi, isiphetho esihlala isikhathi eside kakhulu asiqedi nhlobo.

Enye i-classic i-galvanic corrosion. I-gasket yensimbi eboshwe emnyama esetshenziswa phakathi kwamaflange amabili ensimbi engagqwali. I-coating iyaklwejwa ngesikhathi sokufakwa emigodini noma emaphethelweni. Manje une-anode encane (i-carbon steel) ethinta i-cathode enkulu (i-stainless), endaweni eqhubayo. I-carbon steel igqwala ngokushesha, idla ingxenye ethwala umthwalo we-gasket. I-coating emnyama ibukeka kahle ngaphezu kwe-90% yendawo, kodwa i-gasket isengozini emaphethelweni abalulekile. Yingakho ukuhambisana kwezinto kuyisinyathelo sokuqala okungaxoxiswana ngaso, okubaluleke kakhulu kunombala ongaphezulu.

Lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho kungenza ngibe nokungabaza ngokujulile noma iyiphi ikhathalogi emane ibala i-gasket emnyama njengesici esiyinhloko. Ama-specs angempela - ASME B16.20, B16.21, izitifiketi zezinto ezibonakalayo (njengezivela kumkhiqizi onedumela elihle njenge I-Handan Zitai Fetesser Comment Co, Ltd., okusekelwe kuhabhu enkulu yokukhiqiza yase-China ene-fastener network nenethiwekhi yayo eqinile), izilinganiso zezinga lokushisa lokucindezela, kanye nokucaciswa kokumboza - yilokho okubalulekile. Iwebhusayithi https://www.zitaifasteners.com bangase bafake ohlwini imikhiqizo yabo, kodwa ingxoxo yangempela iqala lapho ucela imibiko yokuhlola ngemuva kwaleyo gasket emnyama uhlu.

Ukufakwa - Isikhathi Seqiniso

Ukuqina kubuye kwenziwe ngesikhathi sokufakwa. I-gasket enombala omnyama ingaba lula ekuphatheni umonakalo. Ukuyiwisa phansi kukakhonkolo kungaqopha isimbozo. Ukusebenzisa ibhulashi locingo ukuhlanza i-flange endala bese ubeka i-gasket entsha kuyo kungase kushumeke izinhlayiya ezilumayo embotsheni ethambile. Ngihlale ngiphikelela ezandleni ezihlanzekile, ezifakwe amagilavu ​​kanye nendawo yesiteji ehlanzekile. I-coating iwumugqa wokuqala wokuzivikela; ukuyephula ngesikhathi sokufakwa kufana nokudweba ucingo ngemva kokuba usuqhephukile ukhuni.

Ukuthambisa kungenye iphuzu. Ingabe kufanele ugcobe i-gasket enemibala emnyama? Ngokuvamile, cha. I-coating ngokuvamile iklanyelwe ukungqubuzana okuthile. Ukwengeza i-lubricant engahambelani kungadiliza ukunamathela noma kudale indawo eshelelayo ekhuthaza ukuphuma kwe-gasket ngaphansi kwengcindezi. Ubuso be-flange kufanele buhlanzeke futhi bome ngaphandle uma umkhiqizi we-gasket encoma ngokuqondile ukulwa nokubanjwa (imvamisa kuphela izinhlobo ezithile zegraphite noma ze-PTFE). Lena enye indawo lapho ukucabangela wonke ama-gaskets amnyama afanayo kuholela enkingeni.

Ukufakaza i-pressurization yokuqala kuyasho. I-gasket enhle, eqinile izohlala futhi ibambe. Kwesinye isikhathi, ngohlobo olusha, ungabona ukukhala okuncane okube sekuvala njengoba ukugqoka kuvumelana - lokho ngokuvamile kulungile. Kodwa ukuvuza okuqhubekayo kusho ukuthi kukhona okungalungile: impahla engalungile, ukulayishwa kwebhawodi okunganele, ukunamathela okonakele, noma izinkinga zobuso be-flange. Awukwazi ukumane uqhubeke udonsa phansi; kufanele uhlole.

Ngakho-ke, Kusho Ukuthini Ukuqina Ngempela?

Ekugcineni, ku-a Amandla aphezulu amnyama gasket, ukuqina kusho ukuthi igcina umsebenzi wayo wokuvala impilo yesevisi eklanyelwe ngaphansi kwezimo ezishiwo. Ukugqoka okumnyama kuyingxenye yalokho, kodwa eyodwa kuphela. Umsebenzi wayo ukuvikela ngesikhathi sokugcina nokuphatha, ukunikeza ukungqubuzana okungaguquki, nokunikeza ukumelana nokugqwala kwasekuqaleni. Ukuphakamisa okunzima kwenziwa ngamandla okukhiqiza ensimbi eyinhloko, ukumelana nokukhasa, nokuhambisana.

Uma ngiyihlola, ngiyayidiliza ngokwengqondo: 1) Impahla ewumgogodla yamakhemikhali nemvelo eshisayo. 2) Idizayini (isilonda esiyisicaba, esivunguzayo, esifakwe ibhantshi) yokucindezela kanye nohlobo lwe-flange. 3) Uhlobo lwe-Coating lokuphatha kanye nokufaka uphawu lokuqala. 4) Inqubo yokufaka. Ukushoda noma iyiphi kulimaza uhlelo lonke. Igasket evela kumkhiqizi okhethekile endaweni yezimboni egxilile, njengesifunda saseYongnian lapho I-Handan Zitai Fastener isebenza, imvamisa inenzuzo yokukhiqiza okudidiyelwe kusuka kucingo/isitoko kuya kumkhiqizo oqediwe, okungasho ukuvumelana okungcono kuleyo nto ewumgogodla - ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu.

Ekugcineni, ungakhohliswa ngombala. Cacisa izidingo zokusebenza kuqala, bese ubona ukuthi ikuphi ukwelashwa okungaphezulu, uma kukhona, kufanelana. I-gasket eqinile kakhulu yileyo oyikhohlwayo ngemva kokufakwa ngoba ivele isebenze, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imnyama, isiliva, noma insimbi engenalutho. Umbala ungowokusiza thina endaweni yokugcina izinto, hhayi emshinini. Umshini unakekela isigxivizo kuphela.