Mumamva kamangidwe kobiriwira, ndipo malingaliro amalumphira ku mapanelo adzuwa, zitsulo zobwezerezedwanso, kapena utoto wochepa wa VOC. Kaŵirikaŵiri kukambirana kumayambira pa maziko, makamaka ndi chinachake chooneka ngati chachikale monga chija trapezoidal mwendo. Ndilo lingaliro lolakwika loyamba. Pochita, kusankha mtundu wa maziko sikungotengera katundu; ndicho chigamulo choyamba chachikulu cha zinthu ndi mphamvu pamalopo, kuyika kamvekedwe kazinthu zonse za polojekitiyo. Ndawona zolemba zambiri zosasinthika kumayendedwe akulu amakona anayi chifukwa ndizokhazikika, kutsanulira mazana a ma cubic mayadi a konkriti owonjezera omwe palibe amene amafunsapo. Trapezoid, ikagwiritsidwa ntchito mwanzeru, imadula zinyalalazo-kwenikweni komanso mophiphiritsa.

Zoposa Mawonekedwe: Geometry ya Kuchita bwino

Mfundoyi ndi yowongoka: gawo la trapezoidal limawonetsa bwino kufalikira kwachilengedwe kwa katundu kuchokera pazanja kapena khoma mpaka pansi. Chida chomakona chili ndi konkriti yambiri yakufa m'makona ake omwe sagwira ntchito bwino. Mwa kutsetsereka m'mbali, mumachepetsa kuchuluka kwa konkire komwe kumafunikira kwambiri pamlingo womwewo wonyamula katundu. Tikulankhula 15% mpaka 30% yocheperako konkire, kutengera kuthamanga kwa nthaka ndi kuchuluka kwa magawo. Izo sizochepa. Kiyubiki yayadi iliyonse ya konkire yomwe sinatsanulidwe ndi pafupifupi makg 400 a CO2 omwe sanatulutsidwe popanga simenti, kuphatikiza madzi onse ophatikizidwa, migodi yophatikizika, ndi mphamvu zoyendera zosungidwa.

Koma si chipolopolo chamatsenga. Kuchita bwino kumadalira malipoti olondola a nthaka. Ngati mupeza kukakamiza kovomerezeka kovomerezeka, kukhathamiritsa konseko kumabwereranso. Ndikukumbukira pulojekiti yosungiramo katundu komwe tinapanga njira yabwino, yotsetsereka potengera kuyesa koyambirira. Pambuyo pake, kufufuza mwatsatanetsatane kunawonetsa thumba lofewa. Tinayenera kubwereranso kumalo otambalala, osalala m'chigawo chimenecho, chomwe chinkawoneka ngati pobwerera. Linali phunziro: kapangidwe kobiriwira kwambiri ndi kokhazikika komanso kozikidwa pa data yolimba, yotsimikizika, osati kukongola kongoyerekeza.

Kupanga ntchito ya trapezoid ndizovuta pang'ono kuposa zowongoka. Pamafunika akalipentala aluso kapena machitidwe apadera a formwork. Nthawi zina, mtengo wazinthu zogwirira ntchito komanso zopangira zinthu zimatha kuchepetsa ndalama zomwe zasungidwa, makamaka pamapulojekiti ang'onoang'ono. Ndiko kusinthanitsa kothandiza. Muyenera kuyendetsa manambala pazokhudza moyo wonse, osati bilu yazinthu zokha. Pamapazi okulirapo, obwerezabwereza, ngati gridi yazaza m'nyumba yamalonda, mawonekedwe amatha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito mozama, kupangitsa trapezoid kukhala wopambana momveka bwino.

Material Synergies ndi Supply Chain Realities

Kuchepetsa voliyumu ya konkriti kumachita chinanso: kumachepetsa kufunika kolimbikitsa. Kuchuluka kwa konkriti kakang'ono kumatanthauza kutsika kwapakati mkati ndipo nthawi zambiri kumapangitsa kuti pakhale mawonekedwe osavuta a rebar. Apa ndipamene kufufuza kumabwera. Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri, rebar yopangidwa bwino ikhoza kupititsa patsogolo mapangidwe. Mwachitsanzo, supplier ngati Malingaliro a kampani Handan Zitai Fastener Manufacturing Co., Ltd. (https://www.zitaifasteners.com), yokhazikitsidwa m'magawo akuluakulu opanga magawo aku China, imapereka zomangira zofananira ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimawonetsetsa kuti makola olimbikitsira amakhala ndi mawonekedwe ake panthawi yothira konkriti. Kudalirika kumeneku ndikofunikira mukamagwira ntchito ndi ma geometries ovuta kwambiri.

Kuyenda ndi gawo lalikulu, lomwe nthawi zambiri limanyalanyazidwa mbali ya maziko a carbon. Malo omwe akukupangirani zinthu ndi ofunika. Kuyandikana kwa Handan Zitai ndi njanji zazikulu ndi misewu (monga Beijing-Guangzhou Railway ndi National Highway 107) simalo ongogulitsa; Zimatanthawuza mphamvu zotsika kwambiri za ma bolts ndi zowonjezera zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito mu machitidwe a formwork kapena anchorages. Pamene mukuyesera kuchepetsa mbiri yazinthu zonse za maziko, ulalo uliwonse muzogulitsa zimawerengera. Kupeza kuchokera kumalo opangira zinthu omwe ali ndi zabwino zogwirira ntchito kumathandizira cholinga chogwira ntchito bwino.

Komabe, pali chenjezo. Kupeza kobiriwira sikungotengera mtunda. Zimakhudzanso ntchito zopangira m'mwamba. Kodi mpheroyo imagwiritsa ntchito ng'anjo yamagetsi yokhala ndi zinyalala zobwezerezedwanso? Ndilo funso lomwe tikuyamba kufunsa zambiri, kukankhira cholinga chobiriwira mpaka kuzinthu zopangira. Mapazi a trapezoidal opangidwa ndi namwali, chitsulo chowotchedwa ndi malasha akadali ndi phazi lolemera, ngakhale atagwiritsa ntchito konkire yocheperako.

Ma Nuances Pamalo ndi Kasamalidwe ka Madzi

Tiyeni tilowe mu dothi. Mapazi a trapezoidal, okhala ndi mbali zake zotsetsereka, amatha kuyanjana mosiyana ndi dothi ndi madzi. Pokumba, malo otsetsereka nthawi zina amatha kukhala okhazikika mu dothi lina kuposa dzenje loyima m'mbali, zomwe zimachepetsa zosowa za m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Koma m'malo onyowa kwambiri, malo okulirapo a mawonekedwe otsetsereka amatha kutengeka mosavuta ndi kukokoloka kapena kuwonongeka kwamadzi pamwamba pamadzi musanathire. Mufunika kasamalidwe kabwino ka malo—kuyika msanga konkire yowonda kapena mphasa zodzitetezera.

Nthawi ina ndinagwira ntchito ina pafupi ndi malo okwera madzi. Mapangidwe a trapezoidal, chifukwa chokhala osazama kwa malo omwewo onyamula (kapena kukhala ndi maziko okulirapo okhazikika), makamaka anatithandiza kusunga maziko pamwamba pa tebulo la madzi m'madera ena, kupeŵa mtengo ndi njira yowonjezera mphamvu yowonongeka kwambiri. Chimenecho chinali chipambano chosayembekezereka. Zinasintha chisankho chokhazikika kukhala phindu la hydrological.

Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, mapeto pa malo otsetsereka amakhala ovuta. Ngati mukukonzekera maziko omwe angawonekere pang'ono kuti apange zomangamanga (muzojambula zamakono zobiriwira), kupeza konkriti yosalala, yowoneka bwino pamtunda wotsetsereka kumafuna mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri ndi njira yothira. Ntchito yosakwanira apa ikutanthauza ntchito yowonjezereka yokonzanso, zowonjezera zowonjezera - kukana ndalama zoyamba. Zimafuna luso lapamwamba kwambiri.

The Lifecycle Perspective and Deconstruction

Zomangamanga zobiriwira zikupitilira kupitilira gawo lomanga. Timayamba kuganiza za kutha kwa moyo. Mapazi a trapezoidal, moona, ndi okhazikika monga maziko ena aliwonse a konkire. Sizinapangidwe kuti zichotsedwe mosavuta. Komabe, mphamvu zake zakuthupi zimatanthawuza kuti pali konkire yocheperako yoti muthane nayo ngati nyumbayo idzagwetsedwa tsiku lina ndikukonzedwanso. Kuchepa kwapang'onopang'ono kusweka, zinyalala zochepa zokoka, komanso kutha kuchulukira kwa voliyumu yodzaza bwino.

Izi zikugwirizana ndi kupanga kwa kusinthika. Maziko opepuka, okhathamiritsa atha kuloleza kukulitsidwa koyima mtsogolo popanda kudera nkhawa mochulukira pamapazi oyambira. Tidapanga malo ochezera anthu poganizira izi. Mapadi a trapezoidal anali akulu ndi malingaliro amtsogolo a mezzanine. Makasitomala amasungidwa pa konkriti yoyamba, ndipo nyumbayo ili ndi njira yokulira popanda kufunikira kulimbitsa maziko pambuyo pake. Ndiyo njira yobiriwira nthawi yayitali.

Koma tiyeni tikhale enieni: mapazi ambiri amaikidwa m'manda ndikuiwalika. Kupambana kwenikweni kwa moyo kumakhala muzosungirako zoyambira. Udindo wa trapezoid makamaka ndikuchepetsa kusokonezeka koyambirira kwa kaboni ndi chilengedwe kuchokera pakuchotsa zinthu. Chidziwitso chake chobiriwira chimapezedwa pafupifupi milungu ingapo yoyambirira ya polojekitiyi, yotsekeredwa kwa moyo wanyumbayo.

Kupitilira Pabwino: Pamene Sichikugwira Ntchito

Kungakhale kusasamala kufotokoza izi ngati yankho ladziko lonse. Kwa zinyumba zolemedwa mopepuka (nyumba zazing'ono, mashedi), ndalama zosungiramo zinthu zonse ndizochepa, ndipo zovuta zowonjezera sizoyenera. Lamulo la kuchepetsa kubweza limagwira ntchito. Komanso, m'magawo a seismic, zoyambira pamapangidwe zimasintha kwambiri kukhala ductility ndi kutaya mphamvu. Maonekedwe a phazi amakhala ogonjera ku zofunikira za matabwa a seismic ndi makoma ometa ubweya. Trapezoid ikhoza kukhalabe yokwanira, koma si vuto loyendetsa.

Ndinagwira nawo ntchito yobwezeretsanso komwe tinkafunika kulimbikitsa dongosolo lomwe linalipo kale. Kuyesera kupanga mawonekedwe a trapezoidal molimba, zipinda zapansi zomwe zinalipo zinali zowopsa. Tinkagwiritsa ntchito zoyala zamakona kuti zikhale zosavuta komanso zothamanga. Njira yobiriwira nthawi zina ndi yomwe imachepetsa kusokonezeka kwa malo ndi nthawi yomanga, kuchepetsa mphamvu zonse ndi mtengo wamagulu a zomangamanga. Chiphunzitso chilibe malo patsamba lamoyo.

Ndiye, chigamulo chake ndi chiyani? The trapezoidal mwendo ndi chida champhamvu, chosagwiritsidwa ntchito mochepera muzomanga zobiriwira. Udindo wake si wokongola, koma ndi wokonda chuma. Zimakakamiza kuchitapo kanthu moganizira kwambiri ndi chinthu choyamba chomanga chomwe timayika. Imatifunsa kuti tizikayikira zosasinthika, kuyamikira kulondola kwa uinjiniya, ndikuganiziranso njira zoperekera zomwe zimathandizira. Sichidzathetsa chilichonse, koma m'malo oyenera - ndi dothi labwino, kukonzekera mwanzeru, komanso kuwona bwino pakufufuza zinthu - ndi njira yolunjika yomanga zambiri ndi zochepa. Ndipo icho, pachimake chake, ndi chomwe kumanga kobiriwira kumayenera kukhala.