Kuwotcherera mbale phazi chilengedwe zimakhudza? 

Mukamva 'phazi la mbale yowotcherera', anthu ambiri opanga zinthu amaganizira za kuchuluka kwa katundu, zinthu zakuthupi, kapena kukana dzimbiri. Mbali ya chilengedwe? Nthawi zambiri kuganiza motsatira, chinachake kwa zikalata kutsatira. Koma nditapeza ndikuyika zinthuzi pachilichonse kuyambira pazigawo zosakhalitsa mpaka pamapulatifomu okhazikika amakampani, ndawona momwe zimakhudzira zomwe sizili papepala. Sizokhudza zitsulo zomwe mumawotcherera; ndi chilichonse chomwe chimakhudza, kuyambira pa mphero mpaka potaya ntchito.

Moyo Wobisika wa Phazi la Plate

Tiyeni tiyambe pa chiyambi. Chitsulo chimenecho, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimakhala mbale yosavuta yowotcherera kapena phazi losavuta kusintha, sichimangowoneka. Kwa phazi lokhazikika lachitsulo cha carbon, bilu ya chilengedwe imayamba ndi migodi ndi kukonza chitsulo. Mphamvu yamphamvu ndi yodabwitsa. Koma nayi mfundo yothandiza yomwe nthawi zambiri timaphonya: a kuwotcherera mbale phazi kamangidwe kake kamapangitsa kuti zinthu ziwonongeke. Phazi lopangidwa molakwika lokhala ndi zinthu zochulukira ‘kungokhala otetezeka’ silimangowononga ndalama zambiri; kumatanthauza kukumbidwa kwa miyala yambiri, malasha otenthedwa mu ng'anjo yophulika, ndi CO2 yochulukirapo kuchokera pamphero. Ndikukumbukira pulojekiti yomwe tidasintha kuchoka pa phazi lokulirapo, lopangidwa mwamakonda kupita ku pulani yamba ndi chitoliro chosavuta, chopangidwa kuchokera kwa ogulitsa ngati Malingaliro a kampani Handan Zitai Fastener Manufacturing Co., Ltd.. Kupulumutsa kulemera pagawo lililonse kunali kochepa, mwina 15%, koma kudutsa mayunitsi 5000, zomwe zinali matani achitsulo - komanso mpweya wokhala ndi mpweya - sitinkafunikira kutumiza padziko lonse lapansi.

Ndiye pali zokutira. Hot-dip galvanizing ndiye muyezo wagolide woteteza dzimbiri, ndipo pazifukwa zomveka. Koma wosanjikiza wa zinc umachokera ku njira yake yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri ndipo imayambitsa zovuta zochizira madzi oyipa. Titagwira ntchito m'dera la m'mphepete mwa nyanja, nthawi ina tinkagwiritsa ntchito mbale zopangira malata, poganiza kuti ndife anzeru. Kusuntha koyipa. Kuwotcherako kunayatsa zinki mozungulira nsongazo, kumapanga utsi womwe umafuna mpweya wowonjezera (mphamvu yowonjezereka ya mafani) ndiyeno tinayenera kukhudza ndi kupopera koziziritsa kozizira—chitini china cha mankhwala. Chiwerengero chonse cha chilengedwe cha 'kukonza'cho mwina chinaposa kungogwiritsa ntchito mbale yosakanizidwa ndikujambula bwino pambuyo pake. Phunziro mu theka-miyeso.

Transport ndi ina yozembera. Kupeza malo opangira zinthu ngati Chigawo cha Yongnian ku Handan, chomwe chimadzitengera ngati gawo lalikulu kwambiri ku China, kumamveka bwino. Kusavuta kukhala pafupi ndi njanji zazikulu ndi misewu, monga momwe zilili Zitai, kumachepetsa mafuta onyamula katundu. Koma zimapanga chitsanzo chapakati. Ngati mukumanga ku North America ndipo mapazi anu akuchokera ku Hebei, mpweya wotuluka m'madzi ndi gawo lalikulu la moyo wazinthu zomwe zimakhudzidwa. Nthawi zina, phazi lopangidwa kwanuko kuchokera ku sitolo yaying'ono, ngakhale pamtengo wokwera kwambiri, limatha kukhala ndi mtengo wotsikirapo wa carbon. Ndi mawerengedwe omwe tikungoyamba kupanga mwamwambo.

Zowona Pamasamba ndi Kuwongolera Fume

Apa ndi pamene chiphunzitso chimakumana ndi chopukusira, kwenikweni. The chilengedwe pa unsembe ndi yomweyo ndi m'deralo. Utsi wowotcherera ndi woipa wodziwikiratu-kusakaniza kwazitsulo za oxides, kutchingira zinthu za gasi, ndipo nthawi zina chromium ya hexavalent ngati mukugwira ntchito yopanda banga. Tonse tawona mtambo wakuda mozungulira wowotcherera. Kukhudzidwa kwaumoyo kwa ogwira ntchito ndikofunika kwambiri, koma zinthu zomwe sizimangotha; imakhazikika pamalowo ndikutsuka m'nthaka kapena ngalande pamapeto pake. Kugwiritsa ntchito mawaya otenthetsera otsika kumathandizira, koma ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri, ndipo pantchito zolimba, ndiye chinthu choyamba kupeza phindu.

Kuchita bwino kwa gwero lamphamvu ndikofunikira kwambiri kuposa momwe mungaganizire. Chowotcherera chakale, choyendetsedwa ndi dizilo chomwe chimawotchera mafuta mukamakwera pamapazi ndizovuta kwambiri. Pamalo akutali opanda mphamvu ya gridi, sizingatheke. Koma ndakhala ndikukankhira zida zamagetsi ngati kuli kotheka, ndipo ndimayang'ananso ma batri osunthika a ma weld ang'onoang'ono. Kutengedwa kumachedwa. Chinthu chachikulu ndi nthawi yokonzekera. Wopangidwa bwino kuwotcherera mbale phazi ndi kukwanira bwino komanso kugwedezeka kumalumikizidwa mwachangu. Chopangidwa molakwika chimafunikira kusintha, kudulidwanso, ndi kuwotcherera kowonjezereka. Nthawi yowonjezera ya arc ndi magetsi ochulukirapo, zitsulo zambiri zodzaza, utsi wambiri. Mapangidwe akupanga sizinthu zaukadaulo chabe; ndi chilengedwe.

Pano pali zinthu zowonjezera. Kudula mbale kukula kumapanga zinyalala. Kodi mukugwiritsa ntchito oxy-fuel, yomwe imawotcha gasi wochulukirapo ndikupanga sikelo ya iron oxide, kapena plasma, yomwe imakhala yoyera koma imafuna mpweya wabwino, wouma? Zosungunulira zisanayambe kuyeretsa zitsulo, zopopera zotsutsana ndi spatter-zonse zing'onozing'ono zomwe zimaphatikizana ndi mitsinje yowononga zowonongeka pa ntchito yaikulu. Tinayamba kutolera zitini zopanda kanthu za aerosol padera padera woyang'anira malo atagundidwa ndi chindapusa chachikulu chodabwitsa chotaya zinyalala. Zinali zosokoneza, koma zidatikakamiza kuyang'ana njira zogwiritsira ntchito zambiri m'malo mwake.

Moyo wautali vs. Kusintha: The Durability Equation

Chofunikira kwambiri pazachilengedwe nthawi zambiri chimakhala moyo wazogulitsa. A phazi la mbale zomwe zimawononga ndikulephera m'zaka zisanu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nyumbayo ikhale yolimba ndi kusinthidwa, ndi tsoka poyerekeza ndi yomwe imatha makumi atatu. Apa ndi pamene kusankha zinthu zakuthupi ndi chitetezo ndizofunikira kwambiri. Ndikosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri komanso penti yotsika mtengo yopangira zamkati, zowuma. Koma bwanji ngati nyumbayo imagwiritsa ntchito kusintha? Ndawona mapazi osungiramo malo osungiramo katundu akusandulika chithandizo cha chingwe chaching'ono chokonzekera ndi chinyezi cha apo ndi apo. Mapazi amadzimbirira pamsoko wowotcherera, malo olephera omwe ndi ovuta kuwona. Kubwezeretsanso - kukweza kapangidwe kake, kudula zakale, zowotcherera zatsopano - zinali zosokoneza kwambiri komanso zolemetsa.

Apa ndipamene opanga odziwika omwe amamvetsetsa sayansi yazinthu amawonjezera phindu. Kampani yomwe ikugwira ntchito m'mafakitale akuluakulu monga Handan's Yongnian District si malo osungiramo katundu; amawona njira zolephera kuchokera kwa makasitomala m'mafakitale. Atha kulangiza pamagulu azinthu - monga kusuntha kuchokera ku Q235 kupita kuchitsulo chosagwira nyengo kuti awonjezere mtengo wocheperako - kapena pamiyezo yabwinoko yopangira malata. Zawo webusayiti sangafuule za kukhazikika, koma mapepala azinthu zawo pa makulidwe a zokutira ndi ma cert azinthu amafotokoza nkhani yeniyeni. Kupaka kwa zinki kokulirapo kapena makina okutira amitundu iwiri kumatha kukulitsa kukhudzidwa koyamba, koma kumalepheretsa kuchulukirachulukira kuchokera kukusintha msanga.

The adjustability factor ndi sewero lina lolimba. Phazi lambale losinthika lokhala ndi ndodo yolumikizira kapena makina otsetsereka amalola kusanja pamaziko osagwirizana. Izi zingalepheretse kupsinjika maganizo ndi kutopa. Koma mbali iliyonse yosuntha ndi malo olephera. Ndawona mapazi otsika mtengo osinthika pomwe makina otsekera amagwira kapena ulusi uchita dzimbiri, kuwapangitsa kukhala osasinthika komanso kukhala ndi phazi lokhazikika. Mtengo wa chilengedwe pano uli mu zovuta za gawo (machining ambiri) osazindikira phindu la moyo wautali. Nthawi zina, phazi losavuta, lolimba, lokhazikika pamtunda wokonzekera bwino ndilo kusankha kobiriwira.

Mapeto a Moyo: Zakale Si Mapeto

Sitipanga kawirikawiri zogwetsa, koma tiyenera. Pamapeto a moyo, nyumbayo imagwetsedwa. Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani pamapazi owotcherera? Ngati amawotchedwa molunjika ku mtengo woyamba, nthawi zambiri amawotchedwa. Ndizo mphamvu zambiri komanso utsi. Ngati ali ndi bawuti - zomwe mapangidwe ena amalola - amatha kutsekedwa, kutsukidwa, ndi kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kapena kubwezeretsedwanso bwino. Chitsulo chimatha kubwezeretsedwanso, koma zokutira zimasokoneza zinthu. Chitsulo chopangidwa ndi galvanized chikhoza kubwezeretsedwanso, koma nthaka imasungunuka mu ng'anjo ndipo nthawi zambiri imatayika, kapena imayipitsa ng'anjo yamoto. Zikadali bwino kuposa kutayira pansi, koma ndi njira yotayika.

Pantchito yothetsa ntchito ya fakitale yakale, tinayesa kupulumutsa mapazi a mbale. Zomwe zinali zonyansa zinali zabwino. Zokhala ndi utoto wokhuthala, wopangidwa ndi mtovu (kuyambira zakale) zidakhala vuto la zinyalala zowopsa. Mtengo wotayika wa mapazi ochepawo unali wokwera kuposa mtengo wazitsulo zoyera. Tsopano, tikuwona njira zokutira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malemba athu omangidwa, osati kungokonza, komanso kugwetsa mtsogolo. Zikumveka ngati kulembera wina kalata zaka 50 kuchokera pano, koma ndi mtundu wa kuganiza kwa moyo womwe timafunikira.

Ndiye, pali phazi lamba yobiriwira? Osati kwenikweni. Pali mitundu ingapo ya zosankha zoyipa. Ndiko kusinthanitsa pakati pa zotsatira zoyambira (zinthu, zokutira, zoyendera) ndi magwiridwe antchito anthawi yayitali (kukhazikika, kusinthika). Phazi lotsika kwambiri ndilomwe simukuyenera kugwiritsira ntchito-kumene mapangidwe amathetsa kufunikira. Chotsatira chabwino kwambiri ndi phazi lodziwika bwino, lokhazikika, lopangidwa mwaluso lomwe limachepetsa zinyalala zapamalo ndikukhalitsa moyo wanyumbayo. Si mutu wachigololo, koma kulumikizana kulikonse komwe kumalumikizidwa, ngakhale mbale yocheperako, imakhala ndi kulemera kobisika uku. Kunyalanyaza sikupangitsa kuti ikhale yopepuka.

Kusintha Kothandiza ndi Mafunso Osayankhidwa

Ndiye kusintha chiyani pansi? Choyamba, specifications. M'malo mongoyitanira mbale yowotcherera, ASTM A36, malata, tikuyamba kuwonjezera zolemba pazakudya zakuthupi (makonda zitsulo zobwezerezedwanso), mtundu wa zokutira (tchulani makulidwe ocheperako, pewani cadmium), komanso amakonda ogulitsa omwe ali ndi machitidwe oyang'anira chilengedwe. Zimakakamiza kukambirana. Mukatumiza imelo kwa ogulitsa ngati Handan Zitai Fastener ndi mafunso awa, mumaphunzira mwachangu yemwe ali pamwamba pa mayendedwe awo komanso omwe sali.

Chachiwiri, kuchita pa malo. Timamanga mtolo wa mapazi onse a mbale kuti tiwonjezeke pa nthawi ya machitidwe ochotsa utsi. Timagawanitsa zinyalala mwaukhondo. Zinthu zazing'ono. Chovuta chachikulu ndikuwerengera mtengo. Mtengo wa chilengedwe ndi wakunja - suli pa P&L yathu, ili padziko lapansi. Mpaka mitengo ya kaboni kapena malamulo okhwima azovuta kupanga, zolimbikitsa zachuma panjira yobiriwira nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofooka kapena kutengera zolinga zamakampani za ESG, zomwe zitha kukhala chinthu choyamba kuchepetsedwa.

Pomaliza, pali zatsopano, koma ndizochedwa. Kodi pali njira zina zotsutsana ndi spatter zomwe zimagwiranso ntchito? Kodi titha kupanga zochulukira ndi bawuti pamapazi kuti timangidwe kosavuta? Ndawonapo mawonekedwe a mapazi opangidwa kuchokera kumphamvu kwambiri, chitsulo chocheperako, kapenanso zida zophatikizika kuti agwiritse ntchito mwapadera, koma kukhazikitsidwa m'maiko omanga mokhazikika kumakhala kozizira. Phazi la mbale yowotcherera ndi chinthu chamtengo wapatali. Zotsatira zake zachilengedwe zimalumikizidwa ndi mafakitale olemera. Kumasula kumatanthauza kuyang'ana pa sitepe iliyonse, kuchokera ku mphero ku Hebei kupita kumalo osungira zinthu ku Rotterdam, ndikufunsa ngati pali njira yabwinoko pang'ono. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala. Nthawi zambiri ndi njira yotsika mtengo kapena yosavuta.