
2026-03-31
Mvugishije ukuri, igihe numvise bwa mbere ijambo ryajugunywe mu imurikagurisha mu myaka mike ishize, icyo nahise mbyitwaramo ni ugushidikanya. Irindi jambo ryamamaza buzzword, natekereje. Isi ya gasike yuzuyemo ibisabwa bijyanye no kuramba no kubungabunga ibidukikije bidakunze kwifata munsi yumuvuduko nyawo, imiti y’imiti, cyangwa ikirere gishaje gusa. Umuntu wese avuga gasketi kubirwanya ruswa, ariko gukubita ibara hejuru? Ibyo buri gihe byumvaga ari amayeri yo kwisiga, uburyo bwo kwishyuza byinshi kubice bishobora kunanirwa kubera ko ibyuma bisya cyangwa bikabangamira kashe. Inganda zisanzwe zitekereza - imwe nasangiye - ni uko wabonye kashe ikora cyangwa nziza. Igitekerezo cy'uko ibara ubwaryo rishobora kugira uruhare mu mikorere no kuramba byasaga naho birambuye.
Aha niho uburambe bufatika butangirira. Ikosa nukureba ibara risa nkibintu byoroshye, bishushanya. Mubisanzwe bya zinc, urabona ibitambo byokwirinda ruswa, byanze bikunze. Ariko ibara, mubisanzwe bigerwaho hifashishijwe chromate ihinduka (blues, umuhondo, umukara, nibindi), ntabwo ari ukumenya ibice cyangwa imashini zihuye. Urwo ruto ruto rwa chromate mubyukuri rwongera imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa ya zinc iri munsi. Nibidodo kumurongo wa galvanised. Noneho, a ibara risize amabara ntabwo ashizwemo + irangi. Nuburyo bwuzuye bwo kuvura hejuru. Inguni iramba itangirira hano: niba iyi combo yongereye ubuzima bwa serivisi cyane mubidukikije bikaze (tekereza kuri platifomu yo hanze hamwe na spray yumunyu cyangwa ikirere cyimiti yimiti), urimo kugabanya inshuro zasimbuwe, amasaha yo hasi, hamwe n imyanda yibintu mubuzima bwumutungo.
Ariko hano hafatwa nukuri kwisi, imwe wiga gusa mugusobanura ibi kumishinga cyangwa gukemura ibitagenze neza. Ntabwo amabara yose asize angana. Umubyimba nubwiza bwurwego rwa zinc ni urufatiro. Nabonye gasketi aho ibara ryari rifite imbaraga ariko substrate ya zinc yari yoroheje cyane, biganisha kumaraso yumutuku ava nyuma yigihembwe. Ingingo yo gutsindwa ntabwo yari ibikoresho bya gaze ubwayo, ahubwo ni inzitizi yo kwangirika. Isezerano rirambye riratandukana niba ibicuruzwa bidatanga ibyifuzo byingenzi biramba. Iraguhatira kureba hejuru yimpapuro hanyuma ukabaza kugenzura inzira. Utanga isoko nka Hamagara zitai yihuta ukora co., Ltd., ikorera mu Bushinwa bukomeye bwihuta muri Yongnian, Hebei, akenshi ifite ibyiza byo guhuriza hamwe umusaruro. Kugenzura ibyiciro bya galvanizing na plaque murugo, aho gutanga hanze, birashobora gusobanura guhuzagurika - ikintu cyingenzi ariko akenshi cyirengagizwa mubikorwa byubuzima busanzwe.
Noneho hariho chimie ya chromate ubwayo. Inganda ziragenda, nubwo gahoro gahoro, kure ya chromium ya hexavalent (classique, ikora neza ariko ifite ubumara kandi igenzurwa na zahabu iridescent irangiza) yerekeza kuri chromate nto. Izi mikorere mishya yamabara ntago ishobora guteza akaga. Iyo uwabikoze ashora mumirongo itatu ya chromate, iyo niyo ntambwe ifatika igana inzira irambye yinganda, bikagabanya ingaruka zubuzima bw ibidukikije n abakozi. Rero, udushya ntabwo buri gihe mubicuruzwa ufashe mukiganza cyawe, ahubwo mubikorwa bigaruka hasi muruganda. Mugihe cyo gusuzuma, birakwiye kubaza ubwoko bwa chromate ikoreshwa. Igisubizo kirakubwira byinshi kubyerekeye aho sosiyete ishyira imbere.
Reka nguhe urugero rufatika ruva mu ruganda rutunganya amazi retrofit twabajije mugihe gito. Bafite ibibazo byagarutsweho hamwe na gasketi isanzwe ya zinc kuri gasike yo hanze. Ruswa yatezaga gufatwa no kumeneka, bigatuma habaho gutakaza amazi no kubabara umutwe buri mezi 18. Twasabye ko habaho igeragezwa hamwe na hamwe ibara risize amabara ukoresheje ubururu butatu bwa chromate kurangiza. Ibara ryasabwe nitsinda ryabashinzwe kubungabunga kumenyekanisha byoroshye ibice bya silver zinc bishaje.
Imyaka itatu irashize, izo manifolds ziracyakorera nta kunanirwa na gaseke imwe. Igiciro cyenda kuba hejuru ya 15-20% kuri buri gice ubanza. Ariko iyo ugize uruhare mubikorwa byakazi kumurwi wabantu babiri bamara umunsi kugirango basimbuze banki ya gasketi, hiyongereyeho ikiguzi cyumusaruro wigihe cyangwa gutakaza amazi, ubukungu burahinduka cyane. Intsinzi irambye yari inshuro ebyiri: kugabanuka gukabije gukoreshwa mu bikoresho by’ibicuruzwa hamwe n’ibikorwa bifitanye isano n’inganda / ubwikorezi bwo gutwara abantu, hamwe no gukumira ibishobora kwanduzwa biturutse ku kashe yananiwe. Ubu ni ubwoko burambye burambye - gukora neza no kugabanya imyanda itwarwa nibintu biramba.
Isomo ntabwo ryari risize amabara buri gihe igisubizo. Kubushyuhe bwo hejuru cyangwa imirimo ya chimique ikabije, uracyareba kuri stainless cyangwa PTFE. Ariko kumurongo munini wibikorwa byinganda murwego rushobora kwangirika, uku guhuza gukubita hejuru yuburemere bwacyo. Byahinduye uko nabonaga nkabibona nkigikoresho cyo kumenya ko ari igikoresho cyemewe cyo kwagura intera.
Kwibira byimbitse, ikibazo kirambye ntabwo kijyanye nibicuruzwa bikoreshwa. Byerekeranye nuburyo bikozwe kandi byimuka. Aha niho geografiya n'ibikoresho biza gukinirwa. Isosiyete iherereye mu ruganda rukora inganda, nka Handan Zitai kuba muri Yongnian hamwe no kugera ku buryo butaziguye umuhanda wa gari ya moshi n’imihanda (Umuhanda wa gari ya moshi wa Beijing-Guangzhou hamwe n’umuhanda wa 107 uhari), ufite inyungu zihishe. Ibikoresho bifatika bisobanura kohereza imyuka ya karuboni nkeya kubyoherejwe mugihe ibikoresho fatizo byinjiye nibicuruzwa byarangiye. Kubaguzi kwisi yose, guhuriza hamwe gahunda ya gasketi hamwe nibindi bifunga biva kumurongo umwe, bihujwe neza birashobora kugabanya igiciro rusange cyibidukikije byamasoko. Nibintu bya sisitemu bidakunze kuvugwa mubitabo byibicuruzwa ariko nibyingenzi mukubara ibirenge byose.
Ku ruganda, ingaruka z’ibidukikije zishingiye ku gutunganya imyanda. Isahani ya Zinc hamwe na chromating bitanga amazi mabi. Abakora inganda zikomeye mu turere nka Yongnian ubu bagengwa n’amabwiriza akomeye y’ibidukikije, bahatira ishoramari muri sisitemu yo gufunga cyangwa gutera imbere. Iyo ukomoka ku ruganda ruzwi, uba ushyigikiye mu buryo butaziguye umusaruro uteguwe neza, usukuye. Nuburyo bwo gutanga amasoko arambye. Ubundi buryo - kugura ibintu bihendutse mububiko butagengwa - birashobora kuzigama igiceri kuri buri gice ariko kikanasohora ibiciro byibidukikije muburyo bukomeye. Ubu ni umuhamagaro wumwuga tugomba gukora buri gihe: igiciro cyo hasi nigiciro gito.
Reka ntitugatwarwe, nubwo. Kubyita guhanga udushya bisaba impamyabumenyi iremereye. Inzira iracyafite ingufu nyinshi (gushyushya ubwogero bwo koga) kandi ikoresha imiti. Udushya twukuri twaba udafite uburozi, ingufu nkeya zihuye cyangwa zirenze imikorere ya zinc + trivalent chromate. Ntiturahari. Bimwe mubinyabuzima bishingiye kuri bio cyangwa byateye imbere byerekana isezerano muri laboratoire ariko bikabura imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo byizewe byerekana ko inganda zisaba kashe zikomeye.
Indi hiccup ifatika ni galvanic ruswa. Kubana a ibara risize amabara hamwe nicyuma kidakora cyane (nkicyuma kitagira umwanda) mubidukikije bitose birashobora kwihuta kwangirika kwa zinc. Ugomba kuzirikana guhuza ibikoresho. Nabonye gasike nziza cyane yananiwe vuba kuko yashyizwe hagati ya flanges ebyiri zidafite ingese mumwobo uhora utose. Igipapuro cyitanze neza, ariko ntabwo aribisubizo birambye. Ikiruhuko? Nta bikoresho ari igisubizo rusange. Kubisobanura neza ni kimwe cya kabiri cyintambara.
Noneho, subira kubibazo byumwimerere. Ese ibara ryuzuye amabara ya gasketi ni udushya twinshi? Uhereye kubikorwa bifatika, inkweto-ku-butaka, navuga ko zerekana ubwihindurize bufatika bugana ku buryo burambye bwo kubungabunga ibidukikije. Ntabwo ari tekinoroji yicyatsi kibisi. Umusanzu wabo urambye uboneka binyuze mubuzima bugaragara, guhindura inganda kuri chromates zifite umutekano muke, hamwe nibikorwa bikora bashoboza iyo bishyizwe mubikorwa neza.
Urufunguzo ni ukubona nka sisitemu: ubuziranenge bwa zinc, urwego rwa chromate igezweho, hamwe nubugenzuzi bukomeye bwo gukora. Abatanga ibicuruzwa babyumva, kimwe nabafite ibikoresho byahujwe mubicuruzwa bibyara umusaruro, nibo batanga amasezerano. Ni igikoresho. Kandi nkigikoresho icyo aricyo cyose, agaciro kacyo - hamwe nigipimo kirambye - bigenwa nubumenyi nintego byumuntu uyikoresha. Ntiwirengagize impuha, wibande kubisobanuro byihariye, kandi birashobora rwose kuba igice gito ariko gifite akamaro cyo kubaka ibikorwa remezo birambye, bidasesagura. Nibyo guhanga udushya: guhindura uburyo dutekereza kuruhare rwibintu bicisha bugufi mumashusho manini.