Ubona 'imibala' kunye 'nozinzo' kunye kwiphepha elithile, kwaye ingcinga yakho yokuqala mhlawumbi ithengisa i-fluff. Nam bendicinga njalo. Kulo mdlalo, ibholithi yibholithi-ide yoyisakale kwindawo ngenxa yokuba i-coating inamadyungudyungu, okanye umxhasi ukhalaza malunga nemibala yentloko ye-hex eyehla ibepinki emva kweenyanga ezintandathu kwindawo yokugcina unxweme. Umbuzo wokwenyani awungowokuba i-zinc plating iyinto entsha, kodwa ingaba iqinile, iyasebenza na ehambisa inaliti kwinkunkuma, kusetyenzwa ngokutsha, nakumjikelezo wobomi. Makhe sihlambulule kwakhona iileya.

Umtsalane kunye nokuthandabuza kwangoku

I-pitch iqondile: thatha umgangatho ibholithi yeflange ye-zinc-plated, yiqhube ngenkqubo yokuguqulwa kwechromate, kwaye ufumane uluhlu lwemibala-blue, yellow, black, rainbow. Yenzelwe ukuchongwa, ukuxhathisa umhlwa, ngamanye amaxesha kunye nobuhle kwizicelo eziveziweyo zoyilo. I-engile yozinzo ikholisa ukujongwa koku: ubomi obude buthetha ukutshintshwa okumbalwa, ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezincinci. Kodwa nantsi ingxaki. I-dichromate ye-zinc esemgangathweni sele ikhona iminyaka emininzi. Ukuyibiza ngokuba 'luhlaza' kuba inokuhlala ixesha elide kukwelula ukuba inkqubo yokucwenga ngokwayo ayivelanga kwiingcambu zayo ezisebenza ngemichiza.

Ndikhumbula ibhetshi evela kumthengisi kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, iibholiti ezintle eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zesakhiwo sokufakwa kwepaneli yelanga. Ukufakwa kwekhowudi yombala kwakusenzelwa ukwenza lula ukufakela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zetorque. Ijongeka kakuhle ebhokisini. Kodwa iprojekthi yayikummandla one-UV index ephezulu. Kwisithuba seenyanga ezili-18, umbala ozuba kwiintloko eziveziweyo zeflange ziye zaphela kakhulu, ngelixa iibholiti ze-zinc ezingafakwanga mibala ezisecaleni kwazo zibonisa umhlwa oqhelekileyo omhlophe. Umbala awuzange usilele kwisakhiwo, kodwa injongo yayo-ukuchonga okubonakalayo okusisigxina-kwenze. Ayikokuzinza oko; oko kukuphelelwa kwento ecetyiweyo.

Ngoko ke, inxalenye entsha kufuneka ibe ngaphezu kombala. Kumalunga ne-substrate prep, ikhemistri yokucoca, kunye nonyango lwasemva. Ezinye iinkqubo zechromate ezitsha zetrivalent, ezinetyhefu encinci kunehexavalent, zinokunika uzinzo lombala olundilisekileyo. Kodwa ukusebenza kokubambelela kunye nokubola, ngokunyanisekileyo, kunokubethwa okanye kuphoswe. Urhweba ngenye yepropathi 'yokuziphilisa' ye-zinc plating yemveli yaloo maleko yombala. Kukulungelelana, hayi ukuphuculwa okucocekileyo.

2

Apho uZinzo lufumana lokwenyani: Inkqubo kunye noLungiselelo

Kum, ibali lozinzo olubambekayo livela kulungiselelo kunye noluhlu lwempahla. Apha kulapho inkampani ithanda khona I-Sunnian Zitai Festener Fishaner Comment Com. ifika engqondweni. Ngokusekwe e-Yongnian, intliziyo yemveliso yase-China ekhawulezayo, isikali sabo sivumela into encinci yeevenkile ezingenakukwazi ukwenza ngokufanelekileyo: imigca yeplating ezinikeleyo, ephuculweyo. Xa undwendwela indawo enjalo (indawo yabo ku I-Zitafasteners.com inika ingqiqo yokusebenza), ubona amandla okunciphisa indawo engqongileyo kwibholithi nganye.

Cinga ngako. Ukuba iprojekthi yokwenziwa eYurophu idinga i-M12, i-M16, kunye ne-M20 I-Bolts Bolts emthubi kwindibano enye kunye nomnyama kwenye, ukufumana kubo umbala wangaphambili ukusuka kwisikali esikhulu, umenzi ohlangeneyo unciphisa ukuthunyelwa kwezinto ezininzi, iibhetshi zokucoca ezininzi, kunye nokuphatha kunye nokupakishwa okuhambelanayo. Indawo yeZitai kufuphi neendlela ezinkulu zothutho ayikho nje indawo yokuthengisa; iguqulela kumthwalo odibeneyo. Isikhongozeli esinye esigqitywe kwangaphambili, iziqhoboshi ezinombala osuka kwisiseko esikhulu semveliso sinexabiso eliphantsi lekhabhoni kunokukhangela iibholiti ezicacileyo ukusuka kwindawo enye kwaye uzithumele kwiipleyiti zasekuhlaleni ezahlukeneyo.

Uvavanyo lwangempela kulawulo lwetanki yokucwenga. Abavelisi bevolumu enkulu banokudubula okungcono ekugcineni i-chemistry engaguqukiyo, ukunyanga amanzi amdaka ngokufanelekileyo, kunye nokubuyisela isinyithi. Leyo yinzuzo yozinzo lwenkqubo engenanto yakwenza nombala ngokwawo kodwa yonke into enxulumene nendlela ibholithi enemibala eveliswa ngayo. Ivenkile encinci, engasebenziyo yokubeka inkunkuma elahla inkunkuma yechromium enehexavalent yinkcaso yozinzo, nokuba uthengiswa kangakanani na umbala wemveliso wokugqibela.

Iindlela zokungaphumeleli kunye nokuqwalaselwa kweNdawo

Makhe sithethe malunga nokuba ezi bholithi zinokukuthoba phi. I-Hydrogen embrittlement i-classic kunye nayo nayiphi na i-bolt ephezulu ye-electroplated, kodwa inkqubo yombala yongeza enye ingqimba yoxinzelelo olunokubakho. Ukuba i-chromate ityabeka kakhulu xa ifuna umbala oqaqambileyo, inokuba brittle kunye ne-micro-crack. Ndiyibonile le nto phantsi kwemakroskopu kwezinye iibholiti ezibomvu eziye zasilela kwangaphambi kwexesha kwisicelo sikamatshini esingcangcazelayo. Iintanda zaba ziindawo zokuqalisa umhlwa, zoyisa yonke injongo.

Enye intloko esebenzayo kukuhambelana kwegalvanic. Umaleko wechromate onemibala uguqula amandla ombane. Kwindibano enezibiyeli ze-aluminium, i-bolt ye-zinc eqhelekileyo inokuthi ilungile, kodwa umbala owenziwe ngendlela eyahlukileyo unokukhawuleza ukubola kwe-galvanic ye-aluminium. Kufuneka wazi iinkcukacha ezichanekileyo zonyango lwasemva kokufakwa, ungacingeli nje ukuba ‘yizinki enedayi.’ Oku sikufunde kabuhlungu kwiprojekthi yekhabhathi yomnxeba yangaphandle. Iibholiti ezimnyama zazijongeka zilungile, kodwa i-chassis ye-aluminiyam eyayibajikelezile yabonisa ukugrumba okunzulu kwiminyaka emibini. Iibholiti ze-zinc ezicacileyo kwiphaneli efanayo azizange zibangele umba ofanayo.

Emva koko kukho ukuhambelana kwetorque. Ibholithi yeflange enemibala egudileyo, umaleko wechromate ongqindilili kumphezulu webheringi unokuba ne-coefficient yokhuhlane eyahlukileyo kune-zinc engenanto. Ukuba abafakeli abazi kwaye basebenzise ixabiso le-torque efanayo, unokufumana ngaphantsi kwe-clamping okanye, ngakumbi, ukugqithisa kunye nokuqhawula imicu. Ivakala incinci, kodwa kumgca onamawaka onxibelelwano, bubusuku bolawulo lomgangatho. Isisombululo sivame ukuba yi-wax okanye i-oil topcoat, ethi emva koko iguqule ukubonakala kwaye inokutsala ukungcola. Yi-cascade yokulalanisa okuncinci.

I-Case in Point: Isicelo esiLungileyo

Ke, ingaba ikhona indawo emnandi? Ngokuqinisekileyo. Apho umbala i-zinc-plated I-fasteners shine ilawulwa, i-semi-exposed environments apho inzuzo yazo yesibini isetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo. Intsimbi yolwakhiwo lwangaphakathi kunye neebholiti ezinombala onemibala eyahlukeneyo yokulinganisa imithwalo okanye iishedyuli zokuhlola. Iiyunithi zemodyuli ezakhiwe kwangaphambili apho iibholiti zibonakala kwaye umbala uyinxalenye yoyilo, kodwa zikhuselwe kwimozulu ngqo kunye ne-UV.

Ndikhumbula usebenziso oluyimpumelelo kwinkqubo enkulu yokurhangqa indawo yokugcina impahla. Umxhasi usebenzise iibholithi ezibhlowu kuqhagamshelo lwe-seismic bracing kunye netyheli kwimiqadi eqhelekileyo. Yenze uphicotho lwasemva kofakelo kunye nohlengahlengiso lwexesha elizayo ngokukhawuleza okukhulu. Imekobume yayomile, ngaphakathi, namaqondo obushushu azinzileyo. Ezo bholiti ziyakudlula inkqubo yokurhaxa ngokwayo ngolondolozo lwe-zero. Kulo mzekelo, umbala wongeza ixabiso lokwenyani, elihlala lihleli kwaye linqanda iimpazamo-luyilo oluzinzileyo.

Undoqo kukulawula ulindelo lwabaxhasi. Awuzithengisi njengendawo yokutshintsha ngokuthe ngqo iibholiti ezifakwe emanzini ashushu kwindawo yokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka. Ubabeka njengento ehlakaniphile, eyongeza ixabiso kwindawo efanelekileyo. Ibango labo lokuzinza linamandla xa bethintela ukungahambi kakuhle, ukunciphisa ixesha lokufakela, kwaye ziveliswa ngendlela esebenzayo, elawulwayo yokubonelela ngokubonelela ngokunciphisa inkqubo yokuchithwa. Umbala ngokwawo awuyiyo into entsha; usetyenziso olucingisisiweyo lwecandelo eligqityiweyo.

Isiphelo: Isixhobo, hayi iNguqu

Ukusonga le nto, iibholiti ezinemibala ye-zinc-plated flange ziyimveliso enqabileyo. Ukubabiza ngokuba ‘yintshatsheli ezinzileyo’ kukugqithisela. Bona ba ukhetho oluzinzileyo kuphela phantsi kweemeko ezithile: xa inkqubo yokucoca icocekile kwaye isebenze kakuhle, xa ukuqulunqwa kombala kuzinzile kwaye kugxininise kubomi benkonzo obujoliswe kuyo, kwaye xa umbala unikezela ngenzuzo ebonakalayo, ehlala iyancipha inkunkuma okanye impazamo phantsi komgca.

Ishishini kufuneka lidlule kwimifanekiso yekhathalogu ecwebezelayo. Umsebenzi wangempela kumaphepha edatha-iiyure zokumelana nokubola kwisitshizi setyuwa, ukulinganiswa kozinzo lwe-UV, i-friction coefficients yokugqiba okuthe ngqo. Abavelisi abanjengoHandan Zitai banamandla okuqhuba oku ngokunikezela ngezinto ezicacileyo kunye nokuqhubela phambili kwiinkqubo eziluhlaza njengomgangatho, hayi iprimiyamu.

Ekugqibeleni, sesinye isixhobo. Iluncedo xa isetyenziswe ngobuchule kunye nombono ocacileyo wokusikelwa kwayo umda. Inguqulelo entsha ayikho kwibholithi oyibambe ngesandla, kodwa kulwazi lwexesha lokuyisebenzisa, kunye nexesha lokuhamba. Eso sigqibo, esisekelwe kumava kunye nezifundo ezinzima, seso esakha ukuziqhelanisa nozinzo.