Iibholithi zeBanga le-12.9: eyona nto ibhetele kulwakhiwo oluzinzileyo? 

Uyabona lo mbuzo uvela ngakumbi nangakumbi kwiinkcazo kunye neengxoxo. Impendulo emfutshane ayilula ewe. Kuyahenda ukucinga ukuba ibakala eliphezulu kufuneka lilingane nolona khetho luzinzileyo, kodwa ngumgibe oqhelekileyo lowo. Ihlala ikhokelela kubunjineli obugqithisileyo, iindleko ezingeyomfuneko, kwaye ngokumangalisayo, isiphumo esingazinzanga xa ujonga umjikelo opheleleyo wobomi. Masiyikhuphe loo nto.

Umtsalane kunye nobunzima be-12.9

Akukho ukukhanyela ukusebenza. A Ibhawunti yeBakala 12.9 inikeza ubuncinci amandla obunzima be-1220 MPa. Ebaleni, oko kuguqulela kumandla obambezelayo angakholelekiyo kunye nokuchasana nokudinwa. Kumalungu abalulekileyo ekubambeni kwenyikima, ukubambelela koomatshini abanzima, okanye ulwakhiwo olunoxinzelelo oluphezulu, ihlala ilukhetho oluchaziweyo. Uyisebenzisa kuba ukusilela ayisiyiyo inketho. Ndikhumbula iprojekthi yokubuyisela kwisibonelelo esiselunxwemeni apho sitshintshe iibholithi ezisi-8.8 safaka ii-12.9 kuqhagamshelo olubalulekileyo lomthwalo womoya. Uxolo lwengqondo lwalubonakala.

Kodwa nantsi i-nuance yokuqala: ukuba uxolo lwengqondo luza neendleko zempahla kunye namandla. Ukuphumeza loo mandla kubandakanya izinto ezidibanisayo ezifana nechromium, imolybdenum, kunye nenickel, kunye nokucinywa ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokucaphuka. Ikhabhoni yokuvelisa enye i-12.9 iphezulu ngokwendalo kunenye yenqanaba elisezantsi. Ke, ukuba isicelo asifuni ukuba i-1220 MPa, utshisa ikhabhoni kumda wokhuseleko ongasoze uyisebenzise. Uzinzo luqala ngobungakanani obuchanekileyo.

Enye intloko esebenzayo yi-hydrogen embrittlement. Okukhona amandla aphezulu, kokukhona intsimbi iba sesichengeni ngakumbi. Oku sikufunde kabuhlungu kwiprojekthi yangaphambili sisebenzisa iibholiti ezili-12.9 ezivela kumazwe angaphandle kwicanopy yentsimbi. Ibhetshi ayiphumelelanga ngexesha le-torque-up, iqhekeka kwingcambu yomsonto. Uphando lwalatha kwimiba yenkqubo yokucwenga ukwazisa ihydrogen. Yayisisifundo esineendleko eziphezulu kuphononongo lwesixokelelwano sonikezelo. Ayizizo zonke ii-12.9 ezidalwe ngokulinganayo, kwaye ukuzinza kwazo kuxhomekeke kulawulo lokwenziwa kwemveliso ukuthintela ukusilela kwangaphambi kwexesha kunye nokutshintshwa.

Uzinzo yiNkqubo, hayi iCandelo

Apha kulapho incoko iba yinyani. Ulwakhiwo oluzinzileyo lokwenyani alukho malunga nokubopha kwi (pun ecetyiweyo) eyona ndawo iluhlaza. Kumalunga nexesha elide lenkqubo, ukugcinwa, kunye nokuphela kobomi. Ibholiti eyi-12.9 kuqhagamshelo lwentsimbi ekhandisiweyo isenokwenza i-galvanic corrosion nightmare ukuba ayigqunywanga, okukhokelela ekuthotyweni kwangaphambili kwalo lonke ilungu. Ngaba oko kuzinzile? Hayi. Ngamanye amaxesha, ibholithi yodidi olusezantsi, engaginyekiyo njenge-A4-80 okanye i-10.9 egqunywe ngobulumko inika ixesha elide kakhulu, ubomi benkonzo obungakhathalelwa.

Ndicinga ngeprojekthi yokugcina apho i-spec ibize i-12.9 kulo lonke uqhagamshelo oluphambili. Siye satyhalela ngasemva kuqhagamshelo lwe-purlin-to-rafter, olwaluphethe ubukhulu becala imithwalo yokucheba. Saxoxa ngekhwalithi ephezulu ye-10.9 kunye ne-Dacromet coating eqinile. Injineli yokwakha yaqhuba amanani kwaye yavuma. Ixabiso eligciniweyo liye lajoliswa kwi-insulation engcono. Ukusebenza kuyafana emva kweminyaka eyi-7, kwaye ukusebenza kwemvulophu yesakhiwo jikelele-ukusebenza kwayo kwamandla-kungcono. Oko kukuphumelela kwenkqubo.

Emva koko kukho ukwakhiwa. Umgaqo ongundoqo wokwakhiwa okuzinzileyo kukuyila ukuchithwa kunye nokubuyisela izinto eziphathekayo. I-bolt ye-12.9 echazwe ngokugqithiseleyo, ehlala igxininisekile kwinqanaba lesivuno sayo, ingaba yinto ephazamisayo ukususa ngaphandle kokulimaza amalungu adibeneyo. Iyakwazi ukuguqula imiqadi yentsimbi ephinda isetyenziswe ibe sisilaphu. Kufuneka sicinge ngetorque, ukufikeleleka, kunye nokubanakho ukuphinda sisetyenziswe. Uyilo oluvumela ukutshintshwa kwebholithi kunye nokusindiswa kwelungu kudla ngokugqithisa amandla akrwada ecandelo elinye.

Ikhonkco lonikezelo kunye neNyaniso yeNdawo

Oku akuyothiyori kuphela. Apho iibholiti zakho zivela khona zibaluleke kakhulu kukuzinzo lweprojekthi yehlabathi. Ukuhambisa umgama omde weentsimbi ezinzima, ezixineneyo zongeza ikhabhoni enkulu. Kulapho iindawo ezifana neSithili saseYongnian eHandan, eHebei, zingena emfanekisweni. Yeyona ndawo iphambili yemveliso ye-fastener eTshayina. Ukufumana imveliso evela kumenzi onobuchule apho, kwiiprojekthi zase-Asiya okanye neendlela zokuthumela ngenqanawa zehlabathi eziqwalaselweyo, kunokunciphisa kakhulu ukukhutshwa kwezithuthi xa kuthelekiswa nokufunwa kwelinye ilizwekazi.

Thatha inkampani efana I-Sunnian Zitai Festener Fishaner Comment Com.. Ngokusekwe kuloo ntliziyo yemveliso, babekwe kwindawo yokusebenzela iiprojekthi ezinkulu ngezinto zasekhaya kunye nobuchule bokwenza. Indawo yabo kufutshane noololiwe abakhulu kunye nothungelwano lwendlela (https //wwww.ziitasteners.com iinkcukacha zolungiselelo lwabo) lithetha impumelelo. Kwikontraka, ukujongana nomenzi onomlinganiselo kunye nokufikelela ngokuthe ngqo kwizinto eziluhlaza kunokuthetha ukulawulwa komgangatho ongaguqukiyo kunye namaxesha okukhokelela okuthembekileyo-izinto ezithintela ukulibaziseka okuyilahleko kunye nokusebenza kwakhona kwisiza. Unikezelo oludityanisiweyo okanye ibhetshi ephantsi ekhatywayo kukungaphumeleli kozinzo ngokwexesha, isibaso, kunye nezinto ezichithiweyo.

Kodwa likrele elintlangothi-mbini. Ukugxininiswa kwemveliso kukwathetha ukuba wena, njengomcacisi okanye umthengi, kufuneka wenze inkuthalo yakho. Imarike inkulu kwaye umgangatho uyahluka ngokwahlukileyo. Ukhetho oluzinzileyo yibholithi evela kumboneleli ofana nalo onolawulo lwenkqubo engqongqo, iziqinisekiso ezifanelekileyo (njenge-CE, ISO), kunye nokulandeleka. Ibhawuli enexabiso eliphantsi, engaqinisekanga ye-12.9 engaphumeleliyo kukuchasana kokuzinzileyo. Imalunga nokufunwa okunoxanduva ngaphakathi kwesakhelo sejografi esisebenzayo.

Case in Point: Xa 12.9 luKhetho oluZinzileyo

Masicacise, kukho iimeko apho i-12.9 bolts ilona khetho oluzinzileyo. Konke malunga nokuqina komthwalo kunye nobomi bokuyila. Cinga nge-anchorages ye-cable-stayd bridge, okanye ukudibanisa kwi-trusses ye-outrigger ephezulu. Ukusebenzisa umgangatho ophantsi kuya kufuna izinto ezininzi-iidamitha ezinkulu zebholithi, iibholiti ezininzi, iipleyiti zokudibanisa ezinkulu. Ukonyuka kweetoni zentsimbi, ukuntsonkotha kokwenziwa, kunye nobunzima kulo lonke ulwakhiwo kunokuba lula ukodlula umgangatho wemveliso ephezulu yeebholiti ezimbalwa, ezomelele kakhulu.

Ndabandakanyeka kwiprojekthi yesiseko soomatshini bomoya. Imithwalo eguquguqukayo yayiphambene. Sisebenzise iibholithi zeankile ezinobubanzi obuyi-12.9. Uyilo oluvunyelweyo kwibhloko yesiseko edibeneyo, ukugcina amakhulu e-cubic metres yekhonkrithi. Ikhabhoni efakwe ngaphakathi egcinwe kwikhonkrithi iyodlula kakhulu ikhabhoni eyongezelelweyo kwimveliso yebholithi. Leyo yingxelo yekhabhoni epheleleyo. Iibholithi apha zenze ukuba kuncitshiswe imathiriyeli kwenye indawo, nto leyo ingundoqo woyilo oluzinzileyo.

Into ephambili luhlalutyo lobunjineli. Ayingomsebenzi wophawu. Uqhuba amanani onxibelelwano oluthile: imijikelo yokudinwa, imithwalo yothuso, indawo enomhlwa, into efunekayo yokhuseleko, kwaye ewe, iindleko zekhabhoni zezinye iindlela. Ngamanye amaxesha, izibalo zikhomba ngokuthe ngqo ku-12.9.

Ngaphaya kweBanga: Imibuzo yokwenyani ekufuneka uyibuze

Ngoko ke, ukujikeleza umva, ubuza ukuba iBakala 12.9 yeyona ndawo ifanelekileyo kusini na. Imibuzo efanelekileyo yile: Ingaba olu qhagamshelwano lukhethekileyo lufuna ukwenza ntoni kubomi besakhiwo? Ngaba sinokuyiphumeza ngezinto ezincinci okanye inkqubo elula? Zithini iindleko ezipheleleyo zokusingqongileyo, ukusuka ekunyibilikeni ukuya ekudilizweni ekugqibeleni?

Enyanisweni, oku kuthetha ukucela umngeni kwii-specs zengubo. Kuthetha ukusebenzisana kwangethuba neenjineli kunye nabakhi. Kuthetha ukuxabisa abavelisi abatyala imali kumgangatho ongaguqukiyo kunye neenkqubo ezicocekileyo ngaphezu kwexabiso eliphantsi. Kusenokuthetha ukukhetha i-10.9 eqinisekisiweyo evela kumvelisi othembekileyo ofana noZitai ngaphezu kwegama elingu-12.9 elinemvelaphi ethandabuzekayo.

Ulwakhiwo oluzinzileyo lwakhiwe phezu kokuthembeka kwenjongo kunye nokuphila ixesha elide. Ngamanye amaxesha, oko a Ibhawunti yeBakala 12.9. Amaxesha amaninzi, akunjalo. I-fastener engcono kakhulu iqinisekisa ukuba isakhiwo sihlala ixesha elide njengoko bekucetywayo, kunye nokungenelela okuncinci, kwaye imveliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo akuzange kuchithe izibonelelo ukuya apho. Oko kubala ukuba akukho bakala linye linokuphendula, kodwa iprojekthi nganye kufuneka isombulule.