Mukuwona mawuwa akuyandama mozungulira muzolemba ndi zogula nthawi zambiri tsopano. 'Zatsopano zokhazikika' zolumikizidwa ndi chinthu chofunikira ngati nati wopangidwa ndi magetsi. Zimakupangitsani kuti muyime. Ndi malonda chabe, kapena pali kusintha kwenikweni munjira? Kuchokera ku benchi yanga, kukhazikika mu zomangira nthawi zambiri sikumveka bwino. Sizongokhudza zinki pa ulusi; Zili pafupi ndi unyolo wonse - kuyambira kusamba kwa asidi musanayambe kuyika kumadzi otayira pambuyo pake, komanso ngati mtedzawo umatenga nthawi yayitali m'munda kuti utsimikizire momwe amapangira. Ambiri amaganiza kuti electroplating ndiyo njira 'yobiriwira' chifukwa ndiyofala komanso yocheperako kuposa kuviika kotentha, koma ndiko kutengera pamtunda. Nkhani yeniyeni ndi messier, yokhudzana ndi chemistry, spikes mphamvu, ndi zina zovuta kunyengerera.

Njira Yoyikira: Kumene Funso Lokhazikika Limakhalapo

Tiyeni tilowe mu thanki, titero. Mzere wa zinc electroplating wa mtedza umaphatikizapo zosambira zingapo: kuyeretsa, pickling, plating, chromating (pamtundu wonyezimira wa buluu kapena wachikasu), kenako kuchapa. Mkangano wokhazikika umafika pachimake, chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito hydrochloric kapena sulfuric acid kuchotsa dzimbiri ndi sikelo. Izi zimapanga acid, mtsinje wowopsa wa zinyalala. Zatsopanozi sizili muzodzikongoletsera zokha - ndiukadaulo wazaka zana limodzi - koma momwe mumayendetsera njira zothandizira izi. Makina ochapira otseka, mwachitsanzo, amatha kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito madzi mpaka 90%. Ndawonapo zomera zomwe zagwiritsa ntchito kuchira kwa evaporative pakusamba, kukokera zinki ndi asidi kubwereranso ku yankho. Ndi luso lochititsa chidwi, koma ndilofunika kwambiri. ROI imayesedwa m'zaka, osati kotala, zomwe ndizovuta kugulitsa mashopu ambiri omwe amayang'ana pamipendero yopyapyala pa zidutswa chikwi.

Ndiye pali zokutira kutembenuka kwa chromate. Ichi ndi sitepe yomwe imapereka kukana kwenikweni kwa dzimbiri, kupanga wosanjikiza pamwamba pa nthaka. Chromium passivate yachikhalidwe ya hexavalent ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu cha chilengedwe komanso thanzi. Kusintha kopita ku trivalent chromium kapenanso zatsopano, zopanda chromium ndi luso lokhazikika lokhazikika. Koma kusamvana kwa magwiridwe antchito akadali nkhondo. Ndikukumbukira gulu la mtedza wothiridwa ndi passivate wopanda chromium kuchokera kwa ogulitsa ku Europe kuti agwiritse ntchito m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Maola oyesera mchere amawoneka bwino pamapepala, koma malipoti akumunda pambuyo pa miyezi 18 adawonetsa dzimbiri loyera lisanakwane. Ife timayenera kuwakoka iwo. Zatsopano zinalipo, koma kutsimikizika kwenikweni sikunali. Zinandiphunzitsa kuti 'zokhazikika' sizingabwere pamtengo wolephera kugwira ntchito, makamaka pamagwiritsidwe ntchito.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi chinthu china chosalankhula. Electroplating ndi njira ya electrolytic, yomwe ikuyenda mwachindunji kudzera mu yankho. Ma rectifiers ali ndi njala yamphamvu. Ndakhala m'malo omwe adasinthira ku zowongolera zogwira ntchito kwambiri komanso kuyika ma pulse-reverse plating, zomwe zimatha kuyika zinki molingana ndi mphamvu zochepa komanso zinyalala zakuthupi. Ndi sitepe yolimba. Koma ngati magetsiwo akuchokera ku gridi yowotchedwa ndi malasha, kuwerengera konse kwa carbon footprint kumakhala kwakuda. Mutha kukhala ndi mzere wapamwamba kwambiri, wosatulutsa ziro, koma ngati ukugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mphamvu zonyansa, chizindikiro cha 'chokhazikika' chimamveka chosakwanira. Apa ndi pamene malo ali ofunika. Wopanga omwe ali m'dera lomwe lili ndi magetsi oyeretsera bwino, kapena omwe amagulitsa mphamvu zoyendera dzuwa, amayamba ndi zoyambira zabwinoko.

Zinthu Zakuthupi ndi Moyo Wautali: Metric Yonyalanyaza

Kukhalitsa ndiye mwala wapangodya wa kukhazikika kwa zida zilizonse. Mtedza umene umaonongeka ndi kulephera m’zaka zisanu, umafunika kusinthidwa ndipo motero umapangidwa mochulukira, mwachibadwa umakhala wosakhazikika, ziribe kanthu momwe umapangidwa mwaukhondo. Apa ndipamene kusankha pakati pa electroplated ndi mechanical galvanizing (monga spin galvanizing) kumakhala kosangalatsa. Electroplating imapereka zokutira zocheperako, zofananira, zabwino kwambiri pakuwongolera ulusi komanso mbali zokongoletsa. Koma kwa malo olemera kwambiri, okhala ndi dzimbiri, wosanjikiza wowondayo ukhoza kukhala mlandu. Ndatchulapo malata otentha a mtedza wa nsanja yopatsirana ngakhale zokutira zokhuthala, zosakwanira bwino chifukwa chitetezo cha nsembe chimangotenga nthawi yayitali. 'Zatsopano' zopangira ma electroplating pano zitha kukhala zokutira zapamwamba za aloyi-zinki-nickel, zinc-cobalt. Izi zimapereka kukana koopsa kwa dzimbiri ndi madipoziti ocheperako. Tidayesa mtedza wa zinc-nickel kuchokera kwa ogulitsa aku Japan, ndipo zotsatira zopopera mchere zinali kukankhira maola 1000 kuti zikhale dzimbiri lofiira, kupikisana ndi zina za dip zotentha. Nsomba? Mtengo. Kuphatikizika kwa nickel ndi kuwongolera kosamba kovutirapo kumatha kuwirikiza mtengo.

Mbali ina ndi gawo la mtedza palokha. Zikumveka ngati zofunikira, koma kugwiritsa ntchito chingwe chokhazikika, chapamwamba kwambiri chachitsulo chotsika kwambiri kumapangitsa kusiyana kwakukulu. Kusakwanira kwa gawo lapansi kumapangitsa kuti hydrogen imbrittlement ikhale pachiwopsezo panthawi yotola asidi, zomwe zimafunikira kuphika kuti zitsitsimuke - mtengo wina wamagetsi. Wopereka ndi kuwongolera zolimba pazida zake, monga Malingaliro a kampani Handan Zitai Fastener Manufacturing Co., Ltd., yomwe imagwira ntchito ku China chachikulu kwambiri chopangira cholumikizira, ili ndi mwayi wobadwa nawo. Kuyandikira kwawo kwa zitsulo zopangira zitsulo komanso kupanga kophatikizana kuchokera pamawaya mpaka pakuyika (https://www.zitaifasteners.com) amalola kutsatiridwa bwino komanso kusasinthasintha kwabwino. Izi sizinthu zatsopano, koma ndizoyambira pazotsatira zokhazikika: kukonza nthawi yoyamba, kuchepetsa kukana ndikukonzanso.

Ndiye pali malingaliro omaliza a moyo, omwe palibe aliyense muzogula zathu za tsiku ndi tsiku amalankhula. Electroplated zinc ndi zabwinobwino. Pamapeto a moyo wa mtedza, chitsulo chachitsulo chimagwiritsidwanso ntchito mosavuta, ndipo zokutira za zinc zidzasungunuka mu kusungunuka. Sichimayambitsa vuto la kuipitsidwa monga momwe zokutira zina zingapangire. Kuthekera kozungulira uku ndi malo abata kumbali yake. Koma ndikungobwezanso; zimachitika chifukwa ndi zophweka komanso zachuma, osati chifukwa cha dongosolo lokonzekera lokonzekera. Zowona zopangira-za-disassembly zatsopano mu zomangira zikadali zachilendo, makamaka zamagalimoto.

Mlandu Pamfundo: Kulinganiza Mtengo, Kukhazikika, ndi Zofuna Zobiriwira

Ndiroleni ndiyende muzochitika zenizeni. Tinkafuna mtedza wa M20 hex kuti tigwire ntchito yotchinga kunja m'dera lomwe lili ndi mafakitale. Zomwe zidapangitsa kuti musachite dzimbiri kutsitsi kwa maola 500 osalowererapo mchere. Wogulayo analinso ndi chiganizo chatsopano cha 'chinthu chokhazikika' mu RFP. Batani losavuta linali lopangidwa ndi zinc zowala za buluu zokhala ndi ma trivalent chromate. Zinakumana ndi zomwezo, zinali zotsika mtengo, ndipo titha kuyika bokosi la 'lilibe hexavalent chromium'. Koma kodi zimenezo zinalidi zatsopano kapena zokhazikika? Osati kwenikweni. Unali mulingo wapano, wowongoleredwa pang'ono.

Tinakankhira mmbuyo ndikupereka njira ina: zokutira zokutira pang'ono za electroplated (titi, 15μm m'malo mwa 8μm) wokhala ndi organic passivate wopanda chromium. Idawonjezera pafupifupi 15% ku mtengo wagawo. Kulungamitsidwa kunali kukhala moyo wautali wautumiki, kuchepetsa kusinthidwa kosinthika. Tidathamanganso gulu laling'ono kuti tiyesetse mwachangu. Deta idathandizira. Koma gulu logula zinthu la kasitomala lidakana kuwonjezereka kwa mtengo wamtsogolo. Ntchitoyi idakhalabe ndi njira yokhazikika. Kodi tikuphunzirapo chiyani? Zatsopanozi zilipo m'ma lab komanso m'mabuku oganiza zamtsogolo, koma kutengera msika kumasokonekera ndi malingaliro otsika mtengo. Kukhazikika kumafunikira kuwunika kwamtengo wamtengo wapatali komwe kumapitilira kuyitanitsa koyambirira, ndipo ndiko kusintha kwachikhalidwe pang'onopang'ono kuposa kukweza kwa mzere uliwonse.

Apa ndipamene opanga ma sikelo amatha kuyendetsa kusintha. Kampani ngati Zitai, yokhala ndi voliyumu yake komanso kukhazikitsidwa kophatikizana ku Yongnian, ili ndi kuthekera kotenga zina mwa R&D ndi mtengo wandalama pazoyeretsa ndikuzipereka pamlingo wopikisana kwambiri. Malo awo pafupi ndi njira zazikulu zoyendera sikungokhudza katundu wotumiza mtedza; ndizokhudzanso kupeza msika wokulirapo womwe ungakhale wokonzeka kulipira pang'ono kuti uchite bwino. Mbiri ya kampani yawo ikuwonetsa kuti ali pachiwopsezo chamakampani othamanga kwambiri ku China - kuti kulimbikira nthawi zambiri kumalimbikitsa mpikisano wowopsa komanso kugwiritsa ntchito njira zatsopano mwachangu akatsimikizira kuti angakwanitse.

Chigamulo: Chowonjezera, Osati Kusintha

Kotero, kubwerera ku funso loyamba. Kodi mtedza wopangidwa ndi magetsi ndi mphamvu yokhazikika? Malingaliro anga ndi awa: a electroplated kanati mtedza okhawo sali zatsopano. Iwo ndi okhwima mankhwala. Zatsopanozi zikuchitika-mochulukira, mosagwirizana-kuzungulira chilengedwe chawo komanso kupanga zokutira zapamwamba. Tikuwona kayendetsedwe kabwino ka madzi otayira, kutha kwa njira zapoizoni, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu moyenera. Izi ndizinthu zatsopano zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zomwe zilipo kale zikhale zokhazikika.

Chiyeso chowona ndichakuti zosinthazi zimakhala zoyambira zamakampani kapena kukhala zosankha zamtengo wapatali. Kuti izi zitheke, ogwiritsira ntchito mapeto akuyenera kuyamikira ndi kufotokoza zomwe zili pansi - monga 'yokutidwa ndi trivalent chromate m'chipinda chokhala ndi ziro zotulutsa madzi' - osati mtengo wokha ndi chizindikiro cha 'green' wamba. Zimafunikanso kuti opanga aziwonekera poyera pazantchito zawo, zomwe ambiri sali.

Pamapeto pake, kutcha mtedza wokhazikika wa electroplated 'zatsopano zatsopano' nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotambasula. Koma makampaniwa akuyenda, pang'onopang'ono, thanki ndi thanki, kupita kuzinthu zokhazikika. Mtedza umawoneka chimodzimodzi mu bokosi, koma nkhani kumbuyo kwake ikusintha pang'onopang'ono. Izi mwina ndiye kuwunika kowona komwe mungapeze kuchokera kwa munthu yemwe wathera maola ochulukirapo akuwunika ziphaso zoyeserera ndi malipoti olephera. Zatsopanozi zili mumphepo, osati gloss.