
2025-08-29
Mumamva "photovoltaic series" ndipo nthawi yomweyo mumaganiza kuti mapanelo amawaya kumapeto mpaka kumapeto kwa magetsi. Ndipo, izo ziri pamwamba. Koma moona mtima, ndipamene machitidwe ambiri amasokonekera asanayambe. Sikuti kungogunda chandamale chandamale cha inverter yanu; ndi za kulinganiza magwiridwe antchito, kuyembekezera mthunzi, komanso moona mtima, kupangitsa kuti zinthu zonse zikhale zanzeru. Ndawonapo ena okankha mutu weniweni, ndipo ndaphunzira zinthu zingapo movutikira.
Choncho, a Photovoltaic mndandanda chingwe. Zofunika kwambiri: mumalumikiza terminal yabwino ya module imodzi ku terminal yoyipa ya ina, ndipo mumapitilizabe. Zamakono zimakhala zofanana pa chingwe, koma ma voltages amawonjezera. Nkhani yabwino, sichoncho? Ma modules onse ndi ofanana, amapeza dzuwa lomwelo, kutentha komweko. M’dziko lenileni? Sizichitika konse. Ayi. Muli ndi kulolerana kwa kupanga, mthunzi waung'ono kuchokera ku chimney kapena potulukira mpweya, kuwunjikana kwa fumbi - ngakhale kusiyana kosawoneka bwino padenga la denga kungayambitse kuyatsa kofanana. Zinthu zonsezi zimayamba kutsitsa magwiridwe antchito a chingwe chonse, nthawi zina modabwitsa.
Cholakwika chimodzi chomwe ndidachiwona, makamaka ndi oyika osadziwa zambiri, ndikungoyika ma module ambiri momwe ndingathere mu chingwe kuti mugunde zenera la inverter lapamwamba kwambiri la DC. Zikuwoneka bwino pamapepala, zingwe zochepera zimatanthauza mawaya ochepa, sichoncho? Koma ndiye mumakumana ndi zovuta pamasiku ozizira pamene magetsi otseguka (Voc) akuwomba. Mukachikankhira pafupi kwambiri ndi mtheradi wa inverter, mutha kuchichotsa kapena kuchiwononga. Mukufuna mutu, nthawi zonse. Ganizilani za m’maŵa wozizila, wozizila m’nyengo yachisanu; ndipamene mukuwona ma voltages anu apamwamba kwambiri. Muyenera kutengera zochitika zoyipa kwambiri ngati izi.
Nthawi ina tinali ndi ntchito pomwe kasitomala amaumirira kukulitsa kutalika kwa zingwe kuti muchepetse kugwiritsa ntchito bokosi lophatikiza. Zinkawoneka zomveka panthawiyo. Koma ma modules anali ndi machitidwe osiyana pang'ono chifukwa cha mzere wovuta wa denga. Zomwe tidapeza zinali zotayika zosagwirizana ndi zingwe. Dongosolo lonse silinagwire bwino ntchito, ndipo zidatengera zowunikira zambiri kuti zifufuze. Poyang'ana m'mbuyo, tikuyenera kukankhira zolimba kuti tipeze zingwe zambiri, zazifupi, ngakhale zikutanthawuza mawaya ochulukirapo komanso ndalama zam'tsogolo zokwera pang'ono. Nthawi zina, kuyesetsa pang'ono patsogolo kumapulumutsa mutu waukulu pamzere. Sizokhudza waya wokha; ndizokhudza magwiridwe antchito a ma module omwe ma waya amalamula.
Pamene mukupanga wanu Photovoltaic mndandanda, simukungotenga nambala kuchokera pachipewa. Mukuyesa mtundu wa inverter's maximum power point tracking (MPPT), mphamvu yake yolowera kwambiri, komanso mphamvu yocheperako yomwe ikufunika kuti iyambike. Kenako mumaponya mawonekedwe a module: Imp, Vmp, Voc, ndi ma coefficients a kutentha. Ma coefficients otentha amenewo ndi ofunikira - amakuwuzani kuchuluka kwa ma voliyumu pamasiku otentha (kuchepetsa mphamvu) ndikukwera masiku ozizira (amatha kugunda malire amagetsi).
Mwachitsanzo, ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito inverter ya zingwe, kukhala ndi ma module onse mu a Photovoltaic mndandanda chingwe choyang'ana mbali yomweyo, chopanda mthunzi wofunikira, sichikhoza kukanidwa kuti chigwire bwino ntchito. Ma Micro-inverters kapena optimizers amathetsa izi pamlingo wina polola MPPT ya module, koma ndiko kukambirana kosiyana. Mukamalankhula zingwe, gawo lililonse la chingwecho lomwe silikuyenda bwino chifukwa cha mthunzi kapena cholakwika limakhala ngati botolo la chingwe chonsecho. Zili ngati unyolo; imangokhala yolimba ngati ulalo wake wofooka kwambiri. Ma diode olambalala amathandizira, zedi, koma samapangitsa kuti gawo lamthunzi likhale ndi mphamvu.
Zaka zingapo mmbuyomo, tinali kulongosola ndondomeko yomanga nyumba zamalonda. Dengali linali ndi mayunitsi angapo a HVAC omwe, ngakhale osayika mapanelo mwachindunji masana ambiri, amakhala ndi mithunzi yayitali nthawi zina, makamaka m'nyengo yozizira. Poyamba tinapanga zingwe zingapo zazitali kwambiri. Pakutumiza, tidawona kutsika kwakukulu kwamagetsi m'mawa ndi madzulo. Zachidziwikire, ngakhale mthunzi wocheperako womwe ukudutsa m'mphepete mwa ma module angapo mu chingwe unali wokwanira kugwetsa kachulukidwe kachingwecho. Tinamaliza kulumikizanso zigawo zina, ndikuphwanya zingwe zazitalizo kukhala zazifupi, ndikugwiritsa ntchito zolowetsa zosiyanasiyana za MPPT pa inverter kuti muchepetse zotsatira zake. Linali phunziro lokwera mtengo pakusanthula mthunzi. Muyenera kuyenda patsamba, mapu mithunzi, ndikuwona momwe zidzayendere tsiku lonse ndi chaka.
Kuchokera kumbali yodalirika, yanu Photovoltaic mndandanda migwirizano ndi yofunika kwambiri. Chingwe chilichonse, cholumikizira chilichonse cha MC4, cholumikizira chilichonse cha bokosi lolumikizana ndi chinthu chomwe chingalephereke. Ndawonapo zinthu zambirimbiri zomwe zimachokera kumalumikizidwe osapangidwa bwino - ma terminals otayirira, zingwe zomangika molakwika, kapena zolumikizira zotsika mtengo zomwe zimawonongeka pansi pakuwonekera kwa UV. Izi siziri zokhumudwitsa zazing'ono chabe; iwo ndi zoopsa za moto muzochitika zoipitsitsa, ndipo ndithudi ntchito zazikulu zimatayira muzochitika zabwino kwambiri.
Apa ndi pamene ubwino wa zigawo zofunika kwambiri. Nthawi zonse takhala tikuyesetsa kugwiritsa ntchito othandizira odalirika pazolumikizira ndi zingwe zathu. Simungathe kutsika mtengo kunja uko. Ndiko kuyesa kuchepetsa ndalama, koma zomwe mumasunga pazinthu, mumalipira kakhumi pakuthetsa mavuto, kukonza, ndi kutayika kwa mibadwo. Ponena za khalidwe, zomangira ndi gawo lina lofunika kwambiri pazithunzithunzi, zomwe zimagwirizanitsa zonse pamodzi. Tagwira nawo ntchito Malingaliro a kampani Handan Zitai Fastener Manufacturing Co., Ltd. kwa zaka, makamaka ma bawuti awo apadera amagetsi ndi zida zina zomangika zomwe zimafunikira pakuyika kwamitundu iyi yayikulu. Zogulitsa zawo nthawi zonse zimakhala zosagwirizana, ndipo moona mtima, kudalirika kumeneku ndi gawo lalikulu lowonetsetsa kuti dongosolo lonselo likhale ndi moyo wautali. Si mapanelo ndi ma inverters okha; ndi mtedza uliwonse, bawuti, ndi chochapira chomwe chimayenera kuyimilira ndi zinthu.
Kusamalira machitidwe ozikidwa pa zingwe nthawi zambiri kumaphatikizapo kuzindikira mitundu yamtunduwu yamavuto kapena kuzindikira ma module omwe sakuyenda bwino. Makamera a infrared ndi anzeru kwambiri powona malo otentha, omwe nthawi zambiri amawonetsa kulephera kolowera kapena cell yolakwika. Koma ngakhale izi zisanachitike, kungodziwa ma voltages omwe mukuyembekezera ndi mafunde, ndikuwunika pafupipafupi, kungakuchenjezeni koyambirira. Ngati chingwe chimodzi chimakhala chotsikirapo kuposa chinacho, mukudziwa komwe mungayambire kuyang'ana. Zonse zimatengera chidwi chatsatanetsatane. Kuyika koyamba ndikofunikira; njira zachidule zilizonse zotengedwa kumeneko zidzakuvutitsani kwa zaka zambiri.
Pomwe lingaliro lalikulu la a Photovoltaic mndandanda chingwe sichikupita kulikonse, momwe timayendetsera ndikuwongolera zingwezo zikuyenda mwachangu. Ma module anzeru okhala ndi ma optimizers ophatikizika kapena ngakhale ma micro-inverters ayamba kuchulukirachulukira, kutembenuza gawo lililonse kukhala gawo lake la MPPT. Izi zimachepetsa kwambiri zotsatira za shading ndi kusagwirizana, kupanga mapangidwe a zingwe kukhala okhululuka, ngakhale amayambitsa zamagetsi zambiri pa module. Ndiko kusinthanitsa: zigawo zambiri, koma magwiridwe antchito abwino komanso nthawi zambiri kuzindikira zolakwika pamlingo wa module.
Ngakhale ndikupita patsogolo kumeneku, kumvetsetsa zoyambira za voltage ya zingwe ndi zamakono ndikofunikira kwambiri. Mukufunikirabe kukula kwa inverter yanu moyenera, kuwerengera kusiyanasiyana kwa kutentha, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mawaya anu ndi olimba. Zovuta zimasintha, koma sizitha. Pamagulu akuluakulu azamalonda, kusanja pakati pa kutalika kwa zingwe, kukula kwa inverter, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito Module Level Power Electronics (MLPE) kumakhala ntchito yayikulu yaukadaulo. Nthawi zonse mumayang'ana malo okoma pakati pa kukolola mphamvu zambiri, kudalirika kwadongosolo, komanso kukwera mtengo kwake. Ndipo ndizomwe zimayambira: kupeza ma elekitironi ambiri pamtengo, modalirika, kwazaka zambiri.