Zithunzi za Photovoltaic: Zochita Zamsika Zamtsogolo? 

Tiyeni tidutse phokoso. Aliyense akukamba za kukula kwa terawatt-scale ndi O & M yoyendetsedwa ndi AI, koma nkhani yeniyeni ili m'mabwinja-kukhazikika kwa chain chain, chuma chankhanza cha module oversupply, komanso ngati mzere watsopano wa heterojunction ndi wotheka. Izi sizikunena za kulosera konyezimira; ndi zomwe zimamatira, zomwe zimasweka, ndi komwe ndalama zimayenda mwakachetechete.

Nthano Zotsika mtengo za Watt ndi Zowona Zakuthupi

Kwa zaka zambiri, mpikisano udali umodzi: tsitsani $/W. Izi zidatifikitsa ku ulamuliro wa PERC ndi makulidwe opindika odumpha kuchokera ku M6 kupita ku G12 zomwe zimamveka ngati kuphethira. Koma chinyengo apa ndikungoganiza kuti kuchepetsa mtengo ndikofanana komanso kosatha. Tinagunda khoma ndi phala la silver. Ngakhale ndi makina osindikizira akutsogolo, selo la PERC limagwiritsabe ntchito pafupifupi 85mg ya siliva pa selo. Ndi kukhazikitsa kwa PV padziko lonse lapansi komwe kukuyembekezeka kugunda 500GW pachaka pofika pakati pazaka khumi, kufunikira kwa siliva kuchokera ku PV kungakhale kodabwitsa. Izo sizokhazikika. Imakakamiza pivot osati kungomanga ma cell - monga kugwiritsa ntchito phala la TOPCon pang'ono - koma mu sayansi yofunikira. Copper electroplating ndiye yankho lonong'onedwa, koma ndawonapo mizere yoyendetsa ndege ikulimbana ndi kumamatira komanso kudalirika kwanthawi yayitali pakuyesa kutentha konyowa. Zomwe zikuchitika m'tsogolo sizingokhala tekinoloje yatsopano yama cell; ndi chomwe chimasokoneza nkhokwe ya zinthu poyamba.

Izi zimagwirizana ndi chinthu chachilendo monga kukwera. Mukatumiza ma GWs of capacity, the balance of system (BOS) ndalama zimakhala mfumu. Apa ndi pamene hardware, mtedza ndi bolts kwenikweni, zimakhala zovuta. Ndikukumbukira ntchito ina ku Texas komwe tidayenera kuyimitsa ntchito yomanga chifukwa chofotokozedwa zomangira chifukwa tracker system idalephera kuyesa kotulutsa mwadzidzidzi pamalopo. Njira yosinthira idayambitsa kuchedwa kwa milungu itatu. Wopereka? Osati sitolo ina ya ntchentche-usiku, koma wamkulu, wovomerezeka wopanga. Idawonetsa kusiyana pakati pa mapepala a labu ndi magwiridwe antchito pansi pa katundu wamphamvu. Ichi ndichifukwa chake kugula zinthu tsopano kukuyang'ana chilengedwe chonse cha makina, osati ma module okha.

Polankhula izi, posachedwa ndapeza wogulitsa, Malingaliro a kampani Handan Zitai Fastener Manufacturing Co., Ltd. (mukhoza kuwapeza pa https://www.zitaifasteners.com). Iwo amakhala ku Yongnian, Hebei-mtima wa China magawo kupanga. Malo omwe ali pafupi ndi misewu yayikulu yoyendera ngati Beijing-Guangzhou Railway ndi National Highway 107 ndi mwayi wapamwamba wazinthu zambiri, zotsika kwambiri. Ndi chikumbutso kuti msana wa makampani a PV umamangidwa pamagulu akuluakulu, apadera a mafakitale awa. Kukhalapo kwawo sikupangitsa kuti zizichitika, koma kusinthika kwawo - kupita ku zokutira zosagwira dzimbiri, moyo wabwino wa kutopa kwa mafelemu amitundu iwiri - kudzakhala chizindikiritso chodziwikiratu cha komwe kupsinjika kwamakina kumakhazikitsidwa mtsogolo kumayembekezeredwa.

Energy Yield ndiye Kuchita Kwatsopano

Zotsogola zotsogola za ma module ndizabwino kwambiri pamitu, koma zokambirana zapadziko lapansi zasintha kukhala zochulukira mphamvu. Ndi maola a kilowatt omwe mumakolola pazaka 25. Izi zimabweretsa kuwirikiza kawiri, kutentha kwapakati, ndi kuyankhidwa kowoneka bwino. Ndayenda masamba ochulukirapo pomwe phindu lakumbuyo lidasokonekera ndi chisankho champhindi yomaliza kuti ndipulumutse pamtunda wokwera kapena kugwiritsa ntchito chivundikiro chapansi. Kupindula kwamalingaliro kwa 15% kunakhala 5%. Phunziro lopweteka pakuphatikiza dongosolo.

Mayeso enieni ali m'malo ovuta. Tidayika magulu akale akale amtundu wa TOPCon pamalo achipululu, okhala ndi UV. Kukaniza koyambirira kwa PID kunali kwamphamvu, koma tidawona kuchepa kwa mphamvu pang'onopang'ono, kowonjezereka komwe kumalumikizidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa UV kwa mawonekedwe a encapsulant, vuto lomwe silinatchulidwe m'ma module akale amtundu wa p. Sizinali zowonetsera, koma zidasintha mtundu wa LCOE. Ndizigawo zingapo, zanthawi yayitali zomwe zidzapangitse m'badwo wotsatira wa ma cell ndi ma module, kupitilira kutsata kwa maola 1000 a DH/TC/UV mu labu.

Kuyang'ana zokolola uku ndikuyendetsanso njira yosakanizidwa. Sikulinso kusankha pakati pa TOPCon kapena HJT. Ndikuwona mapangidwe ochulukirapo omwe amasakaniza matekinoloje mkati mwa chomera chimodzi-HJT pamipata yopingasa, yamtengo wapatali padenga chifukwa chakuchita kwake bwino pakuwala komanso kutentha, komanso PERC yotsika mtengo, yotsika mtengo ya PERC kapena TOPCon pamalo otseguka. Njira yokhazikika iyi, yozikidwa pa mbiri yakutengera zaukadaulo ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yomwe nkhani za R&D nthawi zambiri zimaphonya.

Inverter ngati Grid Citizen

Ma inverters akukhala ubongo wa chomeracho, osati chosinthira cha DC-AC chokha. Chikhalidwe ndi luso lopanga grid. Tadutsa nsonga yongodyetsa mphamvu. Popeza grid inertia ikugwa chifukwa cha zomera zotentha, zomera zatsopano zikufunsidwa kuti zipereke inertia yopangira, chithandizo chamagetsi, ndi kukwera pazovuta. Ndidakhala ndikutumiza komwe woyendetsa gululi adakana mbewuyo chifukwa mphamvu yake yokhazikika (Q) yowongolera inali yochedwa kwambiri, ndi ma milliseconds. Kuchedwa kumeneku kumatanthauza kuti sikungathandize kukhazikika kwa dip yamagetsi yapafupi. Ma hardware anali okhoza, koma firmware sanali. Kukonzekeraku kunatenga miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yosintha mapulogalamu ndikupatsidwanso chiphaso.

Izi zimakankhira makampani kumagetsi amagetsi omwe ali osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito grid. Ma Silicon Carbide (SiC) MOSFET mu ma inverter amtundu wotsatira amalola ma frequency osinthika, omwe amatsogolera ku zosefera zing'onozing'ono, koma chofunikira kwambiri, amathandizira kuwongolera mwachangu komanso molondola kwambiri za ma waveform. Izi ndizopanda phokoso, kumbuyo kwa gulu lomwe limafunikira kwambiri kukhazikika kwa msika wamtsogolo kuposa kupindula kwathunthu kwa 0.5% mu gawo.

Vuto lophatikizana ndi lalikulu. Tsopano muyenera kutengera mawonekedwe amagetsi amagetsi a paki yanu yonse yolumikizana ndi gridi yofooka. Pamafunika luso latsopano, kuphatikiza uinjiniya wamakina amagetsi ndi zamagetsi zamagetsi. Makampani omwe akudziwa bwino kuwongolera dongosololi adzatseka zaka khumi zikubwerazi za makontrakitala a EPC.

Kusungirako: The Indivisible Partner

Kuyitcha PV plus storage ndi yachikale. M'misika yambiri, ndi PV chabe, ndikusungirako kumaganiziridwa. Zomwe zimachitika ndikumangirira kophatikizana ndi DC, komwe mabatire amalumikizana mwachindunji ndi basi ya DC ya PV array pamaso pa inverter. Kupindulako ndikopindulitsa - mumapewa kuzungulira kwa DC-AC-DC-AC. Koma phindu lenileni ndilo kulamulira. Mutha kudumpha zotulutsa za PV kuti zigwirizane ndendende ndi ma inverter ndikuwonjezera chilichonse mu batri. Tidakonzanso chomera cha 100MWac chokhala ndi makina ophatikiza 40MWh DC. Gawo lachinyengo silinali hardware; inali njira yowunikiranso kasamalidwe ka mphamvu (EMS) kulosera za kuphimba kwamtambo ndikusankha, mumasekondi, ngati mungakoke batire kapena kulola chigwa cha PV, zonse zikukwaniritsa dongosolo la PPA lolimba.

Mkangano wa chemistry ukupitilira. LFP (Lithium Iron Phosphate) ndiyokhazikika posungirako pano chifukwa cha chitetezo ndi moyo wozungulira. Koma ndikuyang'ana pa sodium-ion. Kachulukidwe wamagetsi ndi wotsika, koma pamlingo wogwiritsa ntchito, kupondaponda ndikofunikira kwambiri kuposa mtengo wazinthu zopangira komanso kupezeka. Ngati moyo wozungulira ukugwira ntchito m'munda, zitha kusokoneza mtengo wazinthu zosungirako kwa nthawi yayitali zolumikizidwa ndi sola, makamaka komwe mtengo wake umakhala wosuntha masiku, osati maola okha.

Tinalephera? Kuyesera koyambirira kwa kasamalidwe ka matenthedwe a mabatire okhala m'mitsuko omwe amadalira kwambiri kuziziritsa kwa mpweya m'malo achipululu. Fumbi linatsekereza zosefera mwachangu kuposa momwe timayembekezera, zomwe zidapangitsa kutenthedwa ndi kutsika. Kuyang'anira kophweka, pafupifupi kopusa, koma kunatitengera miyezi yambiri kuti tichite. Tsopano mapepala opangira batire ali ndi gawo latsopano pa kusefera ndi kukonzanso.

Kuzungulira: Kuchokera ku Buzzword kupita ku BOM

Kukhazikika ndikusuntha kuchoka ku PR kupita ku bilu yazinthu. Sikutinso za carbon footprint panonso; ndi za kupanga kwa disassembly ndi recyclability. Zolemba za EU zomwe zikubwera zopanga zachilengedwe ndizowonetsera. Kodi mutha kulekanitsa galasi ndi encapsulant (EVA kapena POE) mwaukhondo? Kodi mungabwezerenso chowotcha cha silicon? Kubwezeretsanso kwaposachedwa ndikugwetsa-kuphwanya mapanelo ophatikiza mu konkriti. Ili ndi vuto.

Ena opanga ma module tsopano akupanga ndi thermoplastic polymer backsheet m'malo mwa thermoset, yomwe imatha kusungunukanso. Ena akuyang'ana zomatira zopangira kuti zilowe m'malo mwa soldering, kupangitsa kuti kuchira kwa cell kukhale kosavuta. Uku si kudzipereka; ndi umboni wamtsogolo motsutsana ndi chiopsezo chowongolera komanso kupeza mwayi wopita ku mitsinje yachiwiri. Ndayendera malo oyendetsa ndege omwe amagwiritsa ntchito njira zotenthetsera ndi mankhwala kuti achepetse mapanelo. Galasi yopezedwa inali yoyera kwambiri kuti ibwererenso mumzere woyandama kuti ukatenge magalasi atsopano a solar. Ndilo lotsekeka lotsekedwa. Koma zachuma zimangogwira ntchito pamlingo waukulu komanso ndi ma module omwe adapangidwira kuyambira pachiyambi.

Kuganiza uku kumadutsanso mpaka ku zigawo zamapangidwe. Kodi aluminiyumu yochokera ku ma tracker posts ndi mafelemu a module angasanjidwe mosavuta ndikusinthidwanso? Makampani ayamba kufuna zolemba - pasipoti yakuthupi - pa chilichonse, mpaka zomangira. Imawonjezera zovuta zambiri, komanso kuthekera kwa kubweza mtengo kumapeto kwa moyo. Makampani omwe amamanga maunyolo ozungulirawa tsopano adzakhala ndi gawo lalikulu lamtsogolo msika.

Zomwe Zimapangitsa Anthu: Kusiyana kwa Maluso M'munda Wokhutitsidwa ndi Tech-Saturated

Pomaliza, chikhalidwe chomwe palibe amene amakonda kuyankhula: tikuthawa anthu oyenera. Tekinoloje ikukula mwachangu kuposa momwe anthu ogwira ntchito angaphunzitsidwe. Ndi chinthu chimodzi kukhazikitsa ma module a PERC; ndi chinanso kuyitanitsa chosinthira chopanga gridi kapena kuthetsa vuto la DC-coupled storage system's EMS. Ndawona mapulojekiti akuchedwa chifukwa amisiri am'deralo, odziwa bwino PV yachikhalidwe, sanatsimikizidwe kuti agwire ntchito ku mbali ya MV transformer ya njira zatsopano, zophatikizika za inverter-skid.

Msika wamtsogolo udzakhala wapawiri. Padzakhala malipiro ophatikizika kwambiri, anzeru a solar-storage-grid mayankho omwe amafunikira magulu apadera a O&M, omwe nthawi zambiri amathandizidwa patali. Ndipo padzakhala msika wa zida zosavuta, zolimba zazinthu zosafunikira kwenikweni. Wopambana sadzakhala ndi ukadaulo wabwino kwambiri, koma chilengedwe chothandiza kwambiri pochiyika, kuchisamalira, komanso kulipirira. Izi zikuphatikiza kukhala ndi njira yodalirika yoperekera gawo lililonse, kuchokera ku IGBTs mu inverter kupita ku mabawuti omwe amagwirizanitsa zonse. Chifukwa pamapeto pake, chizolowezi chimangokhala lingaliro mpaka litakhazikika pansi, ndipo izi zimatengerabe wrench, dzanja lophunzitsidwa kuti litembenuke, ndi gawo lomwe silingalephereke padzuwa.