Mukudziwa, anthu ambiri akamva photovoltaic system, nthawi yomweyo amaganiza za mapanelo. Silicon yonyezimira, mayina amtundu, kuchuluka kwa magwiridwe antchito. Kaŵirikaŵiri zokambirana zimayamba ndi mafupa omwe akugwirana zonse photovoltaic thandizo dongosolo. Ndilo lingaliro lolakwika loyamba. Sikuti kuseka. Ndilo maziko omangira omwe amalamulira moyo wautali, chitetezo, ndipo pamapeto pake, kubwerera kwachuma kwa gulu lonse. Ngati mapanelo ndi mtima, ichi ndi chigoba, ndipo chigoba chofooka chimalephera mosasamala kanthu kuti mtima uli wolimba bwanji.

Beyond Racking: The Anatomy of Support

Tiyeni tiphwanye. A Mtundu wothandizira wa PV sichinthu chimodzi. Ndi gulu lopangidwa mwaluso, nthawi zambiri aluminiyamu kapena zitsulo zotayidwa, zomwe zimakhala ndi njanji, zomangira, mabulaketi, ndi zomangira. Njanji ndi mamembala aatali omwe amanyamula mapanelo. Zomangamanga - zapakati ndi kumapeto - zimagwira mafelemu osabowola. Mabakiteriya amalumikiza njanji ku maziko apansi, omwe angakhale olowera padenga, phazi la ballasted, kapena mulu wokwera pansi. Chigawo chilichonse chimakhala ndi katundu wolemetsa: katundu wakufa, kukwera kwa mphepo, matalala, zivomezi. Ndawonapo ma projekiti pomwe uinjiniya udangoyang'ana pamapangidwe apamwamba, pomwe choyimira chosavuta chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha M10 chinali chongoganizira. Ichi ndi njira yochepetsera kupsinjika kwa dzimbiri m'madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja zaka zisanu zapitazo.

Kusankha kwakuthupi ndikokokera nthawi zonse. Aluminiyamu ndi yopepuka, yosamva dzimbiri, komanso yosavuta kuyiyika pamalopo ndi mabala osavuta. Koma chiŵerengero chake cha mphamvu ndi kulemera chikutanthauza kuti mukufunikira zinthu zambiri zogwiritsira ntchito mphepo yomweyo poyerekeza ndi chitsulo, ndipo kuwonjezereka kwa kutentha ndikwambiri. Chitsulo chagalasi chimakhala champhamvu ndipo nthawi zambiri chimakhala chokwera mtengo kwambiri pamafamu akuluakulu, koma galvanization layer ndi yopatulika. Kuwotcherera kulikonse kapena kudula popanda kutetezedwa nthawi yomweyo kumapanga dzimbiri lamtsogolo. Ndikukumbukira malo a 20MW pomwe kontrakitala, kuti apulumutse nthawi, adatsitsa m'mphepete mwa bulaketi kuti ikhale yokwanira, ndikuchotsa malata. Tidachigwira poyang'ana mwachisawawa, koma zikutanthauza kuti mazana amabulaketi amafunikira kukhudza. Kuchedwetsa kumawononga ndalama zambiri kuposa kuchita bwino koyamba.

Ndiye pali mawonekedwe - cholumikizira. Zokwera padenga ndi dziko lazokha. Zokwera zolowera zimafunikira kumvetsetsa bwino za ziwalo zapadenga komanso tsatanetsatane woletsa madzi (monga chisindikizo chonyezimira) chomwe chili chofunikira kwambiri ngati bawutiyo. Machitidwe opangidwa ndi ballast ndi okongola - palibe malowedwe - koma kulemera kwa ballast block kumawonjezera katundu wakufa padenga, zomwe sizimawerengedwa nthawi zonse m'maphunziro oyambira. Ndayitanidwa kuti ndikawone denga la nyumba yosungiramo katundu komwe ballast yowerengera inali yolondola, koma kugawa kunalibe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta zamadzi. The kamangidwe ka dzuwa ayenera kugwira ntchito mogwirizana ndi nyumbayo, osati kungokhala.

Zowona Zapansi Paphiri: Sikuti Kungokakamira Mu Dothi

Machitidwe okwera pansi amawoneka olunjika mpaka mutakhala pamalopo. Maziko ndi chirichonse. Milu yoyendetsedwa ndichangu komanso imachepetsa ntchito yapadziko lapansi. Milu ya helical ndi yabwino kwa dothi losakhazikika. Ma ballasts a konkriti kapena ma caissons ndi amphepo yamkuntho kapena nthaka yopanda pake. Kusankha sikungokhala luso; ndi za mtunda wa m'deralo ndi kupeza zipangizo. Pa ntchito m'mbali mwa phiri la miyala, dongosolo lathu loyendetsedwa ndi milu yokonzedwa linali losayambitsa. Tidasinthiratu makina opangira zomangira pansi okhala ndi chowongolera chaching'ono, koma ma torque oyika pamwala woswekawo adakhala vuto latsiku ndi tsiku. The pulogalamu yothandizira dzuwa kamangidwe kamayenera kukhala kamadzimadzi, kogwirizana ndi zomwe nthaka idatiuza.

Corrosion ndi wakupha mwakachetechete. Zolemba zitha kunena kuti dip-dip galvanized, koma makulidwe a zokutira ndizofunikira. Pamalo owononga kwambiri (m'mphepete mwa nyanja, zaulimi, mafakitale), nthawi zina zokutira zowirikiza (galvanizing kuphatikiza utoto wosanjikiza) ndizofunikira. Ndinaphunzira izi movutirapo kale. Tidagwiritsa ntchito malata wokhazikika pamakina apafupi ndi fakitale ya feteleza. Mkati mwa zaka zitatu, tinali ndi madzi a zinki apamwamba kwambiri ndi dzimbiri zazitsulo zoyambira pamalo olumikizirana. Chemistry ya mumlengalenga inali yaukali kuposa momwe matebulo athu amaneneratu. Tsopano, kusanthula kwachilengedwe ndi gawo loyamba losakambidwa posankha zinthu.

Apa ndipamene njira zogulitsira ndi mtundu wa zigawo zimakhala zogwirika. Mufunika opanga omwe amamvetsetsa ma nuances awa, osati ma benders achitsulo okha. Kampani ngati Malingaliro a kampani Handan Zitai Fastener Manufacturing Co., Ltd. (https://www.zitaifasteners.com), yomwe ili m'gawo lalikulu la China ku Yongnian, Hebei, imakhala yofunika. Kuyandikira kwawo njira zazikulu zoyendera monga Beijing-Guangzhou Railway ndi National Highway 107 sizothandiza chabe. Kukhala m'dongosolo lazinthu zamafakitale nthawi zambiri kumatanthauza kuti amagwirizana ndi zofunikira zenizeni komanso zofunikira zamaprojekiti adzuwa apadziko lonse lapansi. Chomangira choyenera—chokhala ndi giredi yolondola, zokutira, ndi kutsata—ndi kagawo kakang’ono kamene kamanyamula katundu yense wamakina. Kupeza kuchokera kwa opanga apadera omwe ali mdera lopanga kwambiri kumatha kuchepetsa chiwopsezo chotenga ma generic, magawo omwe sanatchulidwe.

Kuyika: Kumene Chiphunzitso Chimakumana ndi Matope

Kulekerera kwapangidwe ndi chinthu chimodzi; kulinganiza m'munda ndi zina. Sitima yapamtunda imatha kutchulidwa kuti ili ndi +/- 2mm kulolerana kupitilira 10 metres. Pansi padzuwa, ndi ogwira ntchito omwe akuyesera kuti akwaniritse gawo latsiku ndi tsiku, kukhalabe kuti ndizovuta. Ndawonapo okhazikitsa akugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu mopitilira muyeso kukoka ma module osokonekera kukhala ma clamp, kupangitsa kupsinjika kwagalasi kobisika. Dongosolo lothandizira liyenera kupangidwa kuti lizitha kusintha - mabowo otsekedwa, mabatani osinthika - kuti atenge zolakwika zomwe sizingalephereke. Mapangidwe abwino kwambiri ali ndi chikhululukiro chokhazikika.

Zida zofunika. Wrench yamagetsi yamagetsi ndi ndalama zoyenera. Maboti omangitsa manja pamalumikizidwe chikwi amatsogolera ku mphamvu yolimba yosagwirizana, zomwe zimatha kumasula ndikugwedezeka kapena, kutulutsa ulusi. Tidakhazikitsa njira yosavuta yowerengera: kuyang'ana ma torque mwachisawawa pa 5% yolumikizira mutatha kukhazikitsa. Chiwopsezo cholephera pakuwunika koyamba chinali chodabwitsa, zomwe zidapangitsa kukonzanso malo onse. Linali phunziro lopweteka kwambiri pa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake, koma linalepheretsa zomwe zikanakhala nkhani yodalirika panthawi ya mphepo yamkuntho.

Mtengo Wochipeza Molakwika

Kulephera si kawirikawiri kugwa kwakukulu. Ndizowonjezera. Kuchuluka kwa dothi chifukwa gulu silinapendekedwe bwino kuti lidziyeretse. Ndi ming'alu yaying'ono m'maselo kuchokera pa chimango pansi pa kupsinjika kosalekeza, kosagwirizana. Ndiko kutsetsereka kwapang'onopang'ono kwa bulaketi padenga lotsetsereka chifukwa kugundana sikunawerengedwe panjinga yayitali yotentha. Izi zimawononga ntchito chaka ndi chaka, ndikuwononga NPV ya polojekitiyi. The photovoltaic mounting system ndi ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, koma khalidwe lake limakhudza mwachindunji ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ndalama.

Palinso mtengo wofewa wokonzanso. Ndinachita nawo ntchito yobwezeretsanso pomwe dongosolo lothandizira loyambirira silinathe kukhala ndi mapanelo atsopano, akuluakulu. Njira yonse ya njanji ndi zomangira zidayenera kusinthidwa panthawi yokonzanso mphamvu, kuwirikiza kawiri mtengo wake. Kapangidwe koyang'ana kutsogolo, komwe kumaganizira zaukadaulo wamapulogalamu komanso kuchuluka kwapatsogolo komwe kungachitike, kumakhala ndi phindu lalikulu. Ndi za kupanga kwa zaka 20 zotsatira, osati mapanelo omwe alipo lero.

Chifukwa chake, pozungulira mmbuyo, Ndiwoyimira wosayimbidwa, wopangidwa mwaluso pakati pa lonjezo la mphamvu ya dzuwa ndi physics yankhanza ya dziko lenileni. Ndi chilango chomwe chimaphatikiza uinjiniya wamapangidwe, sayansi yazida, chemistry ya corrosion, ndi zomangamanga. Kuwongolera kumamveka ngati kosawoneka - gululo limangokhala pamenepo, kutulutsa mphamvu. Kulakwitsa ndi phunziro lapang'onopang'ono, lokwera mtengo lolembedwa mu dzimbiri, kupsinjika maganizo, ndi kusachita bwino. Cholinga sikumanga chipilala, koma kupanga chimango chokhazikika, chosinthika, komanso chosaiwalika chomwe chimalola mapanelo kugwira ntchito yawo kwazaka zambiri.