Indima yeenyawo zeTrapezoidal kulwakhiwo oluluhlaza? 

Uva ulwakhiwo oluluhlaza, kwaye iingqondo zitsibela kwiipaneli zelanga, intsimbi esetyenzisiweyo, okanye iipeyinti ezisezantsi zeVOC. Kunqabile ukuba incoko iqale kwisiseko, ngakumbi ngento ebonakala ibubudenge njenge I-trapezoidal footing. Leyo yimpazamo yokuqala. Enyanisweni, ukhetho lohlobo lwesiseko alukho nje ngokuthwala umthwalo; sisigqibo sokuqala semathiriyeli kunye namandla kwisiza, ukuseta ithoni yesiseko somthombo weprojekthi yonke. Ndibone i-specs ezininzi kakhulu ezingagqibekanga kunyawo olukhulu loxande olusasazekileyo kuba lusemgangathweni, lugalela amakhulu eemitha zeecubic zekhonkrithi eyongezelelweyo ekungekho mntu wakha wazibuza yona. I-trapezoid, xa isetyenziswe ngokufanelekileyo, inqumla loo nkunkuma-ngokoqobo nangokomfanekiso.

Ngaphezulu kweMilo: Ijiyometri yokuSebenza

Umgaqo-siseko uqondile: i-trapezoidal cross-section engcono izibuko ukusasazeka kwendalo komthwalo ukusuka kwikholomu okanye udonga ukuya emhlabeni. Ibhloko yoxande inekhonkrithi eninzi efileyo kwiikona zayo engasebenzi kakuhle. Ngokuhlahlela emacaleni, unciphisa umthamo wekhonkrithi efunekayo kakhulu kumthamo ofanayo wokuthwala. Sithetha nge-15% ukuya kwi-30% ngaphantsi kwekhonkrithi, kuxhomekeke kuxinzelelo lokuthwala umhlaba kunye nomthwalo wekholomu. Ayiyonto incinci leyo. Yonke i-cubic yadi yekonkrithi engagalelwanga imalunga ne-400 kg yeCO2 engakhutshwanga kwimveliso yesamente, kunye nawo onke amanzi anxulumeneyo, imigodi edityanisiweyo, kunye namandla othutho agciniweyo.

Kodwa ayisiyombumbulu yomlingo. Ukusebenza kakuhle kuxhomekeke kwiingxelo zomhlaba ezichanekileyo. Ukuba ufumana uxinzelelo oluvunyiweyo olungalunganga, lonke ulungiselelo lubuyisela umva. Ndikhumbula iprojekthi yesitora apho sayila indlela ecocekileyo nethambekileyo yonyawo esekelwe kuvavanyo lokuqala. Kamva, uphando oluthe kratya lwaveza ipokotho ethambileyo. Kwafuneka sibuyele kwiphedi ebanzi, ethe tyaba kwelo candelo, eyayivakala ngathi siyabuya umva. Yayisisifundo: olona yilo luluhlaza lolo lukwaziyo ukuqina kwaye lusekwe kwidatha eqinileyo, eqinisekisiweyo, hayi nje ubuhle bethiyori.

Umsebenzi wokwenza i-trapezoid unzima kancinci kunonyawo oluthe tye. Ifuna abachweli abanezakhono okanye iinkqubo ezikhethekileyo zeformwork. Ngamanye amaxesha, iindleko zemathiriyeli yezabasebenzi kunye ne-formwork inokuphelisa ukongiwa kwekhonkrithi, ngakumbi kwiiprojekthi ezincinci. Olu lurhwebo olusebenzayo. Kuya kufuneka uqhube amanani empembelelo yomjikelo wobomi bonke, hayi nje ibhili yempahla. Kwiindawo ezinkulu, eziphindaphindiweyo, njengegridi yekholomu kwisakhiwo sorhwebo, ifom yefom ingasetyenziswa kwakhona ngokubanzi, okwenza i-trapezoid ibe ngumnqobi ocacileyo.

IiNdibaniselwano zeMathiriyeli kunye neeNyaniso zoBonelelo

Ukunciphisa umthamo wekhonkrithi wenza enye into: kunciphisa imfuno yokuqinisa. Ubunzima bekhonkrithi obuncinci buthetha uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi olusezantsi kwaye kaninzi luvumela uyilo olulula lwe-rebar. Apha kulapho ukukhangela kungena khona. Ukusebenzisa amandla aphezulu, i-rebar eyenziwe kakuhle inokuluphucula ngakumbi uyilo. Umzekelo, umthengisi uthanda I-Sunnian Zitai Festener Fishaner Comment Com. (https //wwww.ziitasteners.com), esekwe kwisiseko semveliso yenxalenye enkulu yaseTshayina, ibonelela ngomgangatho ongaguqukiyo wezinto zokuqhobosha kunye nezinto ezinxulumene noko eziqinisekisa ukuba iikheji zokuqinisa zibamba imilo yazo eyilelweyo ngexesha lokugalela ikhonkrithi. Oko kuthembeka kubalulekile xa usebenza ngeejiyometri ezintsonkothileyo.

Uthutho yinto enkulu, ehlala ingahoywa njengenxalenye yesiseko sekhabhoni. Indawo yababoneleli bakho bezinto eziphathekayo ibalulekile. Ukusondela kuka-Handan Zitai kuthungelwano lukaloliwe olukhulu kunye neendlela (ezifana ne-Beijing-Guangzhou Railway kunye ne-National Highway 107) ayisiyondawo yokuthengisa nje; iguqulela kumandla aphantsi aqulathwe kwiibholithi kunye nezincedisi ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe kwiinkqubo zeformwork okanye i-anchorages. Xa uzama ukucutha iprofayile yonke yesiseko, yonke ikhonkco kwikhonkco lonikezelo ibala. Ukufumana indawo kwindawo yemveliso enezibonelelo zolungiselelo kuxhasa injongo ebanzi yokuphumelela.

Nangona kunjalo, kukho isilumkiso. Ukukhangela okuluhlaza akukho malunga nomgama nje. Imalunga nezenzo zokuvelisa phezulu. Ngaba ilitye lokusila lisebenzisa ii-arc zombane ezinezilaphu ezisetyenzisiweyo? Lo ngumbuzo esiqala ukuwubuza ngakumbi, ukutyhala injongo eluhlaza yonke indlela ebuyela kwimathiriyeli ekrwada. I-trapezoidal footing eyenziwe nge-virgin, i-coal-fired steel rebar isenonyawo olunzima, nokuba isebenzisa ikhonkrithi encinci.

IiNuances ezikwiSiza kunye noLawulo lwaManzi

Makhe singene emdaka. I-trapezoidal footing, kunye namacala ayo athambekileyo, inokusebenzisana ngokungafaniyo nomhlaba kunye netafile yamanzi. Ngexesha lokugrumba, inkangeleko ethambekileyo ngamanye amaxesha ingazinza ngakumbi kwimihlaba ethile kunomngxuma othe nkqo, icutha iimfuno zonxweme. Kodwa kwiimeko ezimanzi kakhulu, indawo enkulu yendawo yefom ethambekileyo inokuthi ichaphazeleke ngakumbi kukhukuliseko okanye ukonakaliswa kwamanzi angaphezulu ngaphambi kokugalelwa. Udinga ulawulo lwesiza olulungileyo-ukubekwa ngokukhawuleza kwekhonkrithi ebhityileyo okanye iimethi zokukhusela.

Ndakha ndasebenza kwiprojekthi kufuphi netafile yamanzi. Uyilo lwetrapezoidal, ngenxa yokungabi nzulu kwendawo yokuthwala efanayo (okanye ukuba nesiseko esibanzi sozinzo), ngokwenene kusincedile ukuba sigcine isiseko esisentla kwetafile yamanzi kwezinye iindawo, siphephe iindleko kunye nenkqubo yombane enzulu yokukhupha amanzi. Yayiluloyiso olwalungalindelekanga. Iguqule ukhetho lolwakhiwo lwaba luncedo lwamanzi.

Ngokwahlukileyo, ukugqitywa kwiindawo ezithambekileyo kuyinkimbinkimbi. Ukuba ujonge isiseko esinokuvezwa ngokuyinxenye kwisiphumo soyilo (kolunye uyilo lwale mihla oluluhlaza), ukufumana isiphelo sekonkrithi esigudileyo, esinobuso obufanelekileyo kwithambeka kufuna umsebenzi ogqwesileyo kunye nobuchule bokugalela. Umsebenzi ongasebenziyo apha uthetha umsebenzi wokulungisa ngakumbi, izixhobo ezingaphezulu zokuchwetheza-ukuchasa ukonga kokuqala. Ifuna umgangatho ophezulu wobugcisa.

I-Lifecycle Perspective kunye ne-Deconstruction

Ukwakhiwa okuluhlaza kuhamba ngaphaya kobuchule besigaba sokwakha. Siqala ukucinga malunga nokuphela kobomi. I-trapezoidal footing, ngokuqinisekileyo, isigxina njengaso nasiphi na esinye isiseko sekhonkrithi. Ayenzelwanga ukususwa lula. Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenza kakuhle kwayo kuthetha ukuba kukho ikhonkrithi encinci yokujongana nayo ukuba ulwakhiwo ngenye imini ludiliziwe kwaye indawo ilungisiwe. Ubunzima obuncinci bokuqhekeka, i-rubble encinci yokutsalwa kude, kunye nevolumu engaphezulu yokuzaliswa ngasemva ecocekileyo.

Oku kudityaniswa noyilo lokuziqhelanisa. Isiseko esikhaphukhaphu, esilungisiweyo sinokuvumela ukwanda okuthe nkqo kwixa elizayo ngaphandle kokuxhalaba okungaphezulu kokulayisha ngaphezulu kweendawo zokuqala. Siyile iziko loluntu sicinga ngale nto. Iipads zetrapezoidal zazilinganiswe nge-mezzanine ezayo engqondweni. Umxhasi ugcinwe kwikhonkrithi yokuqala, kwaye isakhiwo sinendlela yokukhula ngaphandle kokufuna ukomelezwa kwesiseko esihlaselayo kamva. Leyo isicwangciso sexesha elide eliluhlaza.

Kodwa masibe yinyani: uninzi lweenyawo lungcwatyiwe kwaye lulibalekile. Uloyiso lokwenyani lomjikelo wobomi kukugcino lwemithombo yangaphambili. Indima ye-trapezoid ngokuyinhloko ekunciphiseni i-carbon efakwe okokuqala kunye nokuphazamiseka kwe-ecological ukusuka ekutsalweni kwezinto eziphathekayo. Ubungqina bayo obuluhlaza bufunyanwa phantse ngokupheleleyo kwiiveki ezimbalwa zokuqala zeprojekthi, zivalelwe ubomi besakhiwo.

Ngaphaya kweNgcono: Xa Ingasebenzi

Iya kuba kukungakhathali ukupeyinta oku njengesisombululo sehlabathi. Kwizakhiwo ezilayishwe ngokulula (izindlu ezincinci, iishedi), ukugcinwa kwezinto ezipheleleyo kuncinci, kwaye i-formwork complex complex ayifanelekanga. Umthetho wokunciphisa imbuyekezo uyasebenza. Kwakhona, kwimimandla ye-seismic, izinto eziphambili zoyilo zitshintsha ngokuphawulekayo kwi-ductility kunye nokuchithwa kwamandla. Ubume bonyawo buba ngaphantsi kweemfuno ze-seismic tie-beams kunye neendonga zokucheba. I-trapezoid isenokungena, kodwa ayisiyiyo inkxalabo yokuqhuba.

Ndabandakanyeka kwi-retrofit apho sasidinga ukuxhasa isakhiwo esele sikhona. Ukuzama ukwenza iimilo ze-trapezoidal kwi-tight, amagumbi angaphantsi akhoyo yayiyi-nightmare. Sasebenzisa iipadi ezixande ukwenza lula kunye nesantya. Olona khetho luluhlaza ngamanye amaxesha lunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwendawo kunye nexesha lokwakha, ukunciphisa amandla onke kunye neendleko zentlalo zokwakhiwa. I-Dogma ayinandawo kwindawo ephilayo.

Ke, sithini isigqibo? I I-trapezoidal footing sisixhobo esinamandla, esingasetyenziswanga ngokwaneleyo kwikhithi yezixhobo zokwakha eziluhlaza. Indima yayo ayithandeki, kodwa ithanda izinto eziphathekayo. Inyanzelisa uthethathethwano olucingisiswe nzulu ngeyona nto yokuqala yokwakha esiyibekayo. Isicela ukuba sibuze ukungagqibeki, ukuxabisa ubunjineli obuchanekileyo, kwaye sithathele ingqalelo ikhonkco lonikezelo oluxhasayo. Ayiyi kusombulula yonke into, kodwa kwimeko efanelekileyo-ngemihlaba elungileyo, ukucwangciswa kwefom ehlakaniphile, kunye nombono opheleleyo wokufumana izinto eziphathekayo-linyathelo elithe ngqo lokwakha ngakumbi ngokuncinci. Kwaye oko, kumbindi wayo, yinto ekufuneka ibe yiyo ulwakhiwo oluluhlaza.