Tasirin mahalli na zare? 

Lokacin da yawancin mutane ke tunani game da sawun muhalli na masana'antu, suna hoton wuraren hayaki ko zubar da sinadarai. Zaren tono? Wataƙila ba shine farkon abin da ke zuwa a zuciya ba. Wannan ita ce tabo na gama gari. Tasirin ba kawai a cikin samfurin ƙarshe da ke zaune a cikin akwati ba; an saƙa shi a cikin dukan sarkar tsari-daga ɗanyen ƙarfe na ƙarfe zuwa hazo mai da ke cikin iska, har zuwa aske ƙarfe da aka share daga filin bita. Yana da tarin nauyi, sau da yawa ba a kula da shi. Kasancewa a kan benayen masana'anta daga Hebei zuwa Essen, ainihin labarin yana cikin cikakkun bayanai, sasantawa, da rabin mafita waɗanda ba su taɓa shiga cikin rahotannin dorewa masu haske ba.

Baseline Baseline: Raw Material and Energy

Yana farawa da sandar waya. Sawun carbon na karfe shine mafi girman gudummawa guda ɗaya. Idan kana amfani da asali na iskar oxygen (BOF) karfe da wutar lantarki ta wutar lantarki (EAF) karfe daga tarkace, kana kallon bambancin CO2 da aka auna a cikin ton a kowane tsari. Yawancin ƙananan wuraren faɗuwa, kamar gungu a Yongnian, a tarihi sun dogara da ƙarfe na BOF na yanki don farashi da sauƙi na sarkar samarwa. An gasa farashin muhalli tun daga farko, wani nau'in tasirin da aka riga aka tsara kafin a naɗe zaren farko.

Sa'an nan kuma ya zo da makamashi don fitar da injuna. Ƙirƙirar sanyi da mirgine zaren suna da inganci sosai, amma simintin tallan ba ya da kyau. Tanderun da ke murƙushewa, baho na zinc plating, layin suturar phosphate-su ne hogs makamashi. Na tuna wani aiki tare da mai matsakaicin girma yana ƙoƙarin duba wannan. Sun gano cewa sama da kashi 60% na zanen makamashin tsiron su sun tafi hanyoyin zafi (maganin zafi, bushewar tanda) kuma ba ainihin ƙirƙirar ba. Kiran tashi kenan. Canjawa daga iskar gas zuwa iskar gas don annealing mataki ne, amma ainihin ƙalubalen shine nauyin tushe lokacin da kuke gudu 24/7 don saduwa da maƙasudin ƙara.

Kuma ƙara yana da maɓalli a nan. Samfurin kasuwanci a cikin daidaitattun sassa masu girma shine ɓangarorin reza. Saka hannun jari a cikin ingantaccen tsarin dumama shigar da kayan aiki don annealing yana da lokacin dawowa. Lokacin da littafin odar ku ke jujjuyawa, ana jinkirin kashe kuɗin babban birnin, akai-akai. Haɓaka muhalli shine har abada shirin shekara mai zuwa. Na ga wannan zagayowar da kaina.

Rarraba Coolant Conundrum da Waste Streams

Wannan shine inda gaskiyar kantin sayar da kayayyaki ta shiga. Zare ayyuka, musamman tapping da zaren niƙa, suna buƙatar yanke ruwa. Tsohuwar makaranta, mai masu narkewa masu nauyi sun kasance masu ban sha'awa ga rayuwar kayan aiki da hana galling akan zaren bakin karfe. Amma sun kasance mafarki mai ban tsoro don maganin sharar gida. Suna emulsify, sun gurɓata da mai da mai da ƙarfe mai kyau. Sump ya zama miya mai guba.

Mun yi ƙoƙari mu canza zuwa tsarin sinadarai na wucin gadi kuma daga baya kusa-bushe MQL (Mafi ƙarancin Lubrication) akan wasu layukan CNC. Ka'idar ta kasance cikakke: rage yawan ruwa da kashi 95%, kawar da hazo, ƙirƙirar busassun kwakwalwan kwamfuta galibi waɗanda ke da sauƙin sake sarrafa su. Gaskiyar gaskiya? Kudin kayan aiki ya hauhawa. Ga wasu kayan aiki masu tsayi ko m, ingancin zaren bai yi daidai ba. Mun fuskanci ƙarin fashewar famfo da farko. Ya kasance cinikin-kashe: ingantaccen bayanin martabar muhalli tare da kwanciyar hankali tsari da farashi-kowa-bangare. Ya ɗauki kusan shekara guda na sigogin tweaking da aiki tare da masu siyar da kayan aiki don nemo ingantaccen saiti.

Sharar gida na karfe da kanta — swarf and off-spec parts — wani abu ne daban. Tsaftace, busassun guntun ƙarfe kayayyaki ne. Amma m, jikakken guntu? Kuna biyan wani ya tafi da su, kuma kuna da ɗan gani a inda suka ƙare. Na san ayyukan da suka sanya centrifugal chip wringers don dawo da mai da samar da busassun kwakwalwan kwamfuta. Ya inganta tattalin arziƙin sake yin amfani da su, tare da mai da cibiyar farashi zuwa ƙananan hanyoyin samun kudaden shiga. Amma kuma, jari ne na gaba wanda mutane da yawa ke tsallakewa.

Maganin Sama: Mugun Da Ya Kamata

Ba za ku iya magana game da fasteners ba tare da magana game da kariyar lalata ba. Wannan za a iya cewa shine mafi girman yanayin muhalli. Electroplating, musamman tutiya plating tare da chromate shafi canza launi (na gargajiya rawaya ko blue iridescence), haifar da nauyi mai yawa karfe ruwa sharar gida, acid tururi, da sludge. Dokokin muhalli a cikin EU da Arewacin Amurka sun matsa zuwa ga chromates trivalent akan hexavalent, amma har yanzu tsire-tsire masu kula da ruwan sha suna da wahala kuma suna da tsada don aiki yadda yakamata.

Na ziyarci wuraren da suka fitar da duk plating, da gaske suna tura matsalar zuwa ƙasa zuwa ƙwararren mai siyarwa. Wannan na iya tsaftace rahoton rukunin yanar gizon ku, amma ba zai rage tasirin tsarin ba. Wasu, kamar wasu masana'antun da aka haɗa a cikin manyan wuraren samar da kayayyaki na kasar Sin, sun kawo shi a cikin gida don sarrafawa. Misali, kamfani kamar Hannun Zetai Mretering co., Ltd., Yin aiki daga babban madaidaicin sashin tushe a Yongnian, zai fuskanci wannan shawarar kai tsaye. Kasancewa kusa da manyan hanyoyin sufuri kamar titin Beijing-Shenzhen yana da mahimmanci ga kayan aiki, amma kuma yana sanya su cikin yankin da ke da ƙarin binciken muhalli. Zaɓin da ke tsakanin gina na'urar fasaha ta zamani, rufaffiyar hanyar magani tare da dogaro da wani ɓangare na uku shine dabarun dala miliyan da yawa, wanda ke shafar duka farashi da yarda.

Zaɓuɓɓuka kamar platin inji (don ƙananan sassa) ko sabbin suturar halitta suna samun ƙasa. Suna guje wa ƙarfe masu nauyi. Amma suna zuwa tare da yin ciniki-offs akan sa'o'in gwajin gishiri ko ƙididdige ƙima. Amincewa da abin hawa na gargajiya ko abokin aikin gini don amincewa da sabon, koren launi na iya zama tsarin cancanta na tsawon shekaru. Amfanin muhalli galibi ana dakatar da shi ta hanyar ma'aunin injiniya na mazan jiya.

Dabaru da Tabo Makaho na Rayuwa

Kowa yana auna hayakin kofar masana'anta. Kadan kallon gabaɗaya akan farashin carbon na shigar da albarkatun ƙasa a ciki da gamawa zare kayayyakin fita. Wannan wurin da ya dace kusa da layin dogo na Beijing-Guangzhou babban kadara ne ga kamfani kamar Zitai, mai yuwuwar ba da izinin tafiya daga hanya zuwa jirgin kasa don jigilar kayayyaki. Babban jigilar kaya na dogo na iya rage hayakin da kashi 75 cikin dari idan aka kwatanta da manyan motoci. Amma yana buƙatar tsari, girma, da kayan aikin gefen dama. Ba koyaushe zaɓin tsoho ba ne na gaggawa, ƙarami.

Sa'an nan kuma akwai ƙarshen rayuwar samfurin. Fatar karfe a tsarin karfe shine, a ka'idar, ana iya sake yin amfani da shi daidai tare da firam. Amma a aikace? Idan na'urar da aka yi da filastik ce, murfin zai iya gurɓata narkewar ƙarfe. Idan zaren bakin karfe ne, abubuwan haɗakarwa kamar nickel ko chromium suna rikitar da rafin sake yin amfani da su. Maƙasudin daga ra'ayi na tattalin arziki madauwari zai zama ƙira don rarrabawa da ruwa mai tsabta. Wannan kuka ne mai nisa daga gaskiyar ƙwanƙolin ƙwanƙwasa da aka yi da kankare ko kuma jikin mota da aka murkushe shi a cikin tsinke. Ta haka ne aka jinkirta tasirin muhalli, ba a kawar da shi ba.

Matsalolin Aiki da Ƙarfafa Riba

To, shin duka halaka ne? Ba daidai ba. Matsin yana fitowa daga kusurwoyi da yawa yanzu. Ba kawai masu mulki ba; abokan ciniki ne na ƙasa da ƙasa suna buƙatar bayanan carbon don fitar da su Scope 3. Suna son sanin sawun kowane sashi, har zuwa mai wanki na ƙarshe. Wannan yana tilasta bayyana gaskiya a cikin sarkar. Na kasance wani ɓangare na waɗannan binciken masu kaya inda dole ne ku samar da takardar biyan kuɗi, takaddun shaida, da bayanan sharar gida. Yana da wahala amma yana haifar da canji.

Abubuwan da ake samu galibi suna karuwa ne, ba juyin juya hali ba. Yana game da inganta tsarin da kuke da shi. Sauƙaƙan abubuwa: shigar da maɓalli masu canzawa (VFDs) akan duk famfo da injin kwampreso don dacewa da kaya. Ɗaukar daɗaɗɗen zafi daga tanderu zuwa riga-kafin wanke ruwan wanka. Haɓaka batches plating don haɓaka amfani da tanki da rage fitar da sinadarai. Waɗannan su ne unsexy, tweaks masu aiki waɗanda ke haɓakawa. Ba sa yin babban saki na jarida, amma suna motsa allura a ƙasa.

Kallon gidan yanar gizon masana'anta, kamar zitaifaseners.com, Kuna iya ganin takaddun shaida kamar ISO 14001. Wannan shine tsarin. Amma ainihin gwajin shine abin da ke faruwa a ranar Talata da yamma lokacin da layin samarwa ya faɗi, kuma mafi sauri gyara ya haɗa da ƙetare tsarin tacewa don saduwa da ranar ƙarshe na jigilar kayayyaki. Ana gudanar da tasirin muhalli a waɗannan lokutan matsin lamba, ta hanyar al'adun da ke ƙasa, ba kawai manufar da ke cikin ɗaure ba.

A qarshe, da tasirin muhalli na zaren rawar soja jimillar ƙananan yanke shawara ne dubu. Yana cikin zaɓin tushen karfe, tsarin kulawa na tsarin sanyaya, yanayin zafin jiki akan tanda mai bushewa, da yanayin sufuri da aka zaɓa. Babu harsashi guda ɗaya na azurfa, kawai aiki mai wuyar gaske, na ci gaba da yin kowane ɗayan waɗannan yanke shawara ya zama ɗan ƙaramin ɓarna, yayin da har yanzu ke yin ɓangaren da ke riƙe duniya tare. Wannan shi ne rikice-rikice, gaskiyarsa mara kyau.