Urukurikirane rwa Photovoltaque: Isoko ryigihe kizaza? 

Reka duce urusaku. Buriwese avuga kubyerekeranye no kwaguka kwa terawatt hamwe na O&M itwarwa na AI, ariko inkuru nyayo iri mumurongo - kwihanganira amasoko, ubukungu bwubugome bwa module ikabije, kandi niba uwo murongo mushya wa heterojunction mubyukuri ari banki. Ibi ntibireba ibishushanyo mbonera; bijyanye nibiti, ibimena, n'aho amafaranga yimuka atuje.

Ibiciro bya Watt bihendutse nibintu bifatika

Kumyaka, isiganwa ryabaye ridasanzwe: gutwara hasi $ / W. Ibyo byatugejeje kuri PERC yiganje nubunini bwa wafer busimbuka kuva M6 kugera kuri G12 mubyumva ari guhumbya. Ariko kwibeshya hano nukeka ko kugabanya ibiciro ari umurongo kandi utagira iherezo. Twakubise urukuta hamwe no gukoresha ifu ya paste. Ndetse hamwe no gucapisha imbere-imbere, selile isanzwe ya PERC iracyakoresha hafi 85mg ya feza kuri selile. Hamwe nogushiraho PV kwisi yose biteganijwe ko izagera kuri 500GW buri mwaka hagati yimyaka icumi, ifeza isabwa na PV gusa yaba itangaje. Ibyo ntibiramba. Ihatira pivot itari mubwubatsi bw'utugari gusa-nka TOPCon ikoresha paste yo hasi gato-ariko mubumenyi bwibanze. Gukoresha amashanyarazi y'umuringa ni igisubizo cyongorerana, ariko nabonye imirongo yicyitegererezo irwana no gufatana hamwe nigihe kirekire cyo kwizerwa mugupima ubushyuhe butose. Icyerekezo kizaza ntabwo ari tekinoroji nshya gusa; nicyo umuntu abanza gucamo ibintu.

Ibi bihuza nikintu nka mundane nko kuzamuka. Iyo urimo gukoresha GWs yubushobozi, impirimbanyi za sisitemu (BOS) ziba umwami. Aho niho ibyuma, utubuto na bolts byukuri, bigenda binenga. Ndibuka umushinga muri Texas aho twagombaga guhagarika kubaka kuko byagenwe ifunga kuri sisitemu ya tracker yananiwe gitunguranye kurubuga rwo gukuramo. Igikorwa cyo gusimbuza cyateje ibyumweru bitatu. Utanga isoko? Ntabwo amaduka amwe n'amwe, ahubwo ni manini, yemewe. Yagaragaje icyuho kiri hagati ya laboratoire yimikorere nimirima ikora munsi yumutwaro uremereye. Niyo mpamvu amasoko arimo kureba kuri ecosystem ya mehaniki yose, ntabwo ari module gusa.

Nkivugaho, Mperutse guhura nuwabitanze, Hamagara zitai yihuta ukora co., Ltd. (urashobora kubisanga kuri https://www.zitaifacens.com). Bashingiye i Yongnian, Hebei-umutima wibicuruzwa bisanzwe byubushinwa. Aho biherereye hafi yimiyoboro minini yo gutwara abantu nka Gari ya moshi ya Beijing-Guangzhou hamwe n’umuhanda w’igihugu 107 ni akarusho gakondo kubikoresho byinshi, buke buke. Twabibutsa ko inkingi yinganda za PV zubatswe kuri ayo masoko manini, yihariye yinganda. Kubaho kwabo ntigutegeka icyerekezo, ariko ubwihindurize bwabo - buganisha ku kwangirika kwinshi kwangirika kwangirika, ubuzima bwiza bwumunaniro wubuzima bwa module ikomatanya-bizaba ikimenyetso cyerekana aho ingingo ziterwa na tekinike ziteganijwe.

Ingufu zitanga umusaruro nuburyo bushya

Module ikora neza abayobozi bayobora nibyiza kumutwe, ariko ikiganiro hasi cyahindutse kubyara umusaruro. Ni kilowatt-amasaha usarura mubyukuri imyaka 25. Ibi bizana ibice bibiri, coefficient yubushyuhe, hamwe nigisubizo cyerekanwe muburyo bukomeye. Nanyuze ku mbuga nyinshi aho inyungu zinyuma zabangamiwe nicyemezo cyumunota wanyuma cyo kuzigama uburebure bwa racking cyangwa gukoresha igifuniko cyubutaka. Inyungu ya 15% yungutse yabaye 5%. Isomo ribabaza muguhuza sisitemu.

Ikizamini nyacyo kiri mubidukikije bikaze. Twakohereje bimwe mubyambere n-ubwoko bwa TOPCon mubice byubutayu-muremure, hejuru-UV. Intangiriro ya PID yarwanyaga yari nziza cyane, ariko twabonye imbaraga zidindiza, ziteranya imbaraga zifitanye isano no kwangirika kwa UV guterwa no kwangirika kwa interineti, ikibazo kitagaragara cyane muburyo bwa p-modules. Ntabwo yari yerekanwe, ariko yahinduye moderi ya LCOE. Nibi bintu bifatika, birebire byumurima amakuru yamakuru azahindura ibisekuruza bizaza bya selile na module bipakira, bikarenga amasaha 1000 asanzwe ya DH / TC / UV muri laboratoire.

Uku kwibanda kumusaruro nabwo butera inzira ivanze. Ntabwo bikiri guhitamo gusa hagati ya TOPCon cyangwa HJT. Ndimo mbona ibishushanyo byinshi bivanga ikorana buhanga muruganda rumwe-HJT kumwanya muto, ufite agaciro kanini hejuru yinzu hejuru yinzu kugirango ikore neza murwego rwo gukwirakwiza urumuri nubushyuhe, hamwe na bulkier, bihendutse PERC cyangwa TOPCon kubutaka bweruye. Ubu buryo bufatika, bushingiye kuri portfolio muburyo bwo gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ni inzira y'ingenzi inkuru nziza ya R&D ikunze kubura.

Inverter nkumuturage wa gride

Inverters ihinduka ubwonko bwikimera, ntabwo ihindura DC-AC gusa. Icyerekezo nubushobozi bwo gukora grid. Twarenganye ingingo yo kugaburira imbaraga gusa. Hamwe na inertia ya gride yaguye kubera ikiruhuko cyizabukuru, ibihingwa bishya birasabwa gutanga inertie yubukorikori, inkunga ya voltage, hamwe no kugenda mugihe cyamakosa. Nicaye muri komisiyo aho umuyobozi wa gride yanze uruganda kubera ko imbaraga zacyo (Q) zo kugenzura zitinze cyane, na milisegonda. Ukwo gutinda bivuze ko bidashobora gufasha guhagarika hafi ya voltage dip. Ibyuma byari bifite ubushobozi, ariko software ntiyari. Gukosora byatwaye amezi atandatu yo kuvugurura software no kongera kwemeza.

Ibi bisunika inganda kugana ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki byingirakamaro cyane. Silicon Carbide (SiC) MOSFETs mubutaha-gen inverters yemerera guhinduranya inshuro nyinshi, biganisha kuyungurura ntoya, ariko cyane cyane, itanga uburyo bwihuse kandi bunoze bwo kugenzura ibyasohotse. Nibicecekere, inyuma yumwanya wibintu bifite akamaro kanini kumasoko yigihe kizaza kuruta 0.5% byunguka byuzuye muburyo bwiza.

Ikibazo cyo kwishyira hamwe ni kinini. Noneho ugomba kwerekana imyitwarire yigihe gito ya electromagnetic ya parike yizuba yawe yose ikorana na gride idakomeye. Irasaba ubuhanga bushya, buvanga sisitemu yububiko hamwe nubuhanga bwa electronics. Ibigo bikoresha sisitemu yo kugenzura urwego bizafunga mumyaka icumi iri imbere yamasezerano ya EPC.

Ububiko: Umufatanyabikorwa udashobora gutandukana

Kubyita PV wongeyeho ububiko bumaze igihe. Mu masoko menshi, ni PV gusa, hamwe nububiko bufatwa. Icyerekezo cyerekeza kuri DC yubatswe yubatswe, aho bateri zihuza neza na bisi ya PV array ya DC mbere ya inverter. Inyungu yo gukora irasobanutse - wirinda DC-AC-DC-AC ihinduka. Ariko inyungu nyayo ni ukugenzura. Urashobora gukuramo neza ibisohoka bya PV kugirango uhuze neza nu rutonde rwa inverter hanyuma ushireho ibirenze byose bigororotse muri bateri. Twahinduye uruganda rwa 100MWac hamwe na sisitemu ya 40MWh DC. Igice cyamayeri ntabwo cyari ibyuma; yari ivugurura rya sisitemu yo gucunga ingufu (EMS) yo guhanura igicu no guhitamo, mumasegonda, niba yakura muri bateri cyangwa kureka PV ikarenga, byose mugihe byujuje gahunda itajenjetse ya PPA.

Impaka za chimie zirakomeje. LFP (Lithium Iron Phosphate) nubusanzwe kubikwa guhagarara kubera umutekano nubuzima bwinzira. Ariko ndakomeza guhanga amaso sodium-ion. Ubucucike bwingufu buri hasi, ariko kubikorwa byingirakamaro, ikirenge ntigikenewe cyane kuruta ibiciro fatizo nibihari. Niba ubuzima bwikurikiranya busaba mu murima, birashobora guhungabanya igiciro cyibiciro byigihe kirekire byo kubika bifatanye nizuba, cyane cyane aho agaciro kari muguhindura ingufu muminsi, ntabwo ari amasaha gusa.

Kunanirwa twagize? Kugerageza hakiri kare imicungire yubushyuhe kuri bateri yabitswe yishingikirije cyane kubukonje bwikirere bwangiza ahantu h'ubutayu. Umukungugu wafunze muyungurura byihuse kuruta uko byari byateganijwe, biganisha ku gushyuha no guta. Kugenzura byoroshye, hafi yubucucu, ariko byadutwaye amezi yo gukora. Noneho urupapuro rwihariye rwa batiri rufite igice gishya kijyanye no kuyungurura no kubungabunga.

Kuzenguruka: Kuva Buzzword kugeza BOM

Kuramba biragenda biva muri PR bijya kuri fagitire y'ibikoresho. Ntabwo ari ibirenge bya karuboni gusa; nibijyanye no gushushanya gusenya no gusubiramo. Inshingano z’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi ziraza. Urashobora gutandukanya ikirahuri na encapsulant (EVA cyangwa POE) neza? Urashobora kugarura wafer ya silicon? Ibyinshi mubitunganyirizwa muri iki gihe ni ukumanuka-kumenagura ibice byo guteranya muri beto. Iyo ni iherezo ryapfuye.

Bamwe mubakora module ubu barimo gushushanya hamwe na thermoplastique polymer yinyuma aho kuba thermoset, ishobora kongera gushonga. Abandi bareba ibyuma bifata ibyuma bisimbuza kugurisha, bigatuma kugarura selile byoroshye. Ibi ntabwo ari altruisme; nibyerekana ejo hazaza birwanya ingaruka zubuyobozi no kubona uburyo bwo kugera kumurongo wa kabiri. Nazengurutse ikigo cyogutunganya ibizamini bikoresha ikomatanya ryubushyuhe nubumara kugirango bisibe panne. Ikirahure cyagaruwe cyari gifite isuku ihagije kugirango isubire kumurongo ureremba kubirahuri bishya byizuba. Iyo ni umugozi ufunze. Ariko ubukungu bukora gusa murwego runini kandi hamwe na module yabigenewe kuva mbere.

Iyi mitekerereze niyo igabanuka kugeza ibice bigize imiterere. Ese aluminiyumu ivuye kumyanya ikurikirana hamwe na module ikadiri irashobora gutondekwa byoroshye kandi ikongera gukoreshwa? Inganda zizatangira gusaba ibyangombwa-pasiporo yibikoresho-kubintu byose, kugeza kuri ifunga. Yongeraho urwego rugoye, ariko kandi rushobora gukira ibiciro nyuma yubuzima. Ibigo byubaka uruziga rwibikoresho noneho bizatunga igice cyingenzi kizaza isoko.

Ikintu cya Muntu: Ubuhanga butandukanye mu buhanga-bwuzuye

Hanyuma, inzira ntamuntu ukunda kuvuga: turimo kubura abantu beza. Ikoranabuhanga riratera imbere byihuse kuruta abakozi bashobora guhugurwa. Ni ikintu kimwe cyo gushiraho moderi ya PERC; nubundi gushiraho komisiyo ikora grid inverter cyangwa gukemura ibibazo bya EMS ya sisitemu yo kubika. Nabonye imishinga yatinze kubera ko abatekinisiye baho, bafite ubuhanga muri PV gakondo, ntibemerewe gukora kuruhande rwa MV ya transformateur yuburyo bushya, bwinjizwamo inverter-skid ibisubizo.

Isoko ry'ejo hazaza rizatandukana. Hazabaho priyeri yo guhuza cyane, ubwenge-izuba-kubika-grid ibisubizo bisaba amakipe yihariye ya O&M, akenshi ashyigikiwe kure. Kandi hazabaho isoko ryoroshye, ibikoresho byinshi kubikoresho bidasabwa cyane. Uwatsinze ntabwo byanze bikunze afite tekinoroji nziza, ariko ecosystem ikora neza mugukoresha, kubungabunga, no kuyitera inkunga. Ibyo bikubiyemo kugira urunigi rwizewe kuri buri kintu cyose, kuva IGBTs muri inverter kugeza kuri bolts ifata byose hamwe. Kuberako amaherezo, icyerekezo nigitekerezo gusa kugeza igihe cyometse kumubiri, kandi kigifata umugozi, ikiganza cyamenyerejwe cyo kugihindura, nigice kitazatsindwa izuba.