Photovoltaic Series: Future Market Trends? 

Ngatichekei neruzha. Wese munhu ari kutaura nezve terawatt-scale yekuwedzera uye AI-inotyairwa O&M, asi iyo chaiyo nyaya iri mumigero-yekutengesa cheni kusimba, hutsinye hwehupfumi hwemodule oversupply, uye kuti mutsara mutsva weheterojunction unogona kubhanga. Izvi hazvisi zvekufungidzira kwakajeka; ndezvekuti chii chinonamatira, chii chinoputsika, uye kupi mari inofamba chinyararire inotevera.

Iyo Yakachipa Watt Ngano uye Material Chokwadi

Kwemakore, mujaho wacho waive mumwe chete: dhiraivha pasi $/W. Izvo zvakatitungamira kune PERC kutonga uye saizi saizi kusvetuka kubva kuM6 kuenda kuG12 mune izvo zvaiita sekubwaira. Asi iko kunyepa pano kufunga kuti kuderedzwa kwemutengo kune mutsara uye kusingagumi. Takarova madziro ne silver paste consumption. Kunyangwe nekudhindwa kwepamberi-parutivi, yakajairika PERC sero ichiri kushandisa ingangoita 85mg yesirivha pasero. Nekumisikidzwa kwePV yepasi rose kunofungidzirwa kuti icharova 500GW pagore kusvika pakati pemakore gumi, kudiwa kwesirivheri kubva kuPV kungave kushamisa. Izvo hazvina kugadzikana. Inomanikidza pivot kwete mukuvakwa kwesero chete - senge TOPCon yakaderera zvishoma paste kushandiswa - asi mune yakakosha zvinhu sainzi. Copper electroplating ndiyo mhinduro yekuzevezera, asi ndakaona mitsetse yekutyaira ichinetsekana nekunamatira uye kuvimbika kwenguva refu mukunyorova kwekupisa bvunzo. Muitiro weramangwana hausi hutsva hutsva hwesero; ndiko kutanga kwatanga kutsemura zvinhu.

Izvi zvinobatana kune chimwe chinhu sechinyakare sekukwira. Paunenge uchitumira maGWs ehukuru, chiyero chehurongwa (BOS) mutengo unova mambo. Ndiko uko hardware, nzungu uye mabhaudhi chaizvo, anotsoropodza. Ndinoyeuka chimwe chirongwa muTexas kwataifanira kumisa kuvaka nekuti zvainge zvataurwa Fasteners nekuti tracker system yakundikana kamwe kamwe pa-saiti yekudhonza-kunze bvunzo. Nzira yekutsiva yakakonzera kunonoka kwemavhiki matatu. Mutengesi? Kwete imwe shopu inobhururuka-ne-husiku, asi hombe, yakasimbiswa mugadziri. Yakaratidza musiyano pakati pe lab spec sheets uye kuita kwemunda pasi pesimba remutoro. Ichi ndicho chikonzero kutenga kwave kutarisa kune yese mechaniki ecosystem, kwete mamodule chete.

Ndichitaura nezvazvo, nguva pfupi yadarika ndakawana mutengesi, Handan Zitai Fastener Kugadzira Co, Ltd. (unogona kuvawana pa https://www.zitafornasteers.com) Ivo vanogara muYongnian, Hebei-moyo weChina akajairwa zvikamu zvekugadzira. Nzvimbo yavo padhuze netsinga huru dzekutakura seBeijing-Guangzhou Railway uye National Highway 107 mukana wekare weakawanda, yakaderera-margin hardware. Chiyeuchidzo chekuti musana wePV indasitiri wakavakirwa pane aya makuru, akasarudzika maindasitiri masumbu. Kuvapo kwavo hakutauri maitiro, asi kushanduka kwavo - kune mamwe machira asingadzivirire, hupenyu hwekuneta huri nani hwemafacial module mafuremu - ichave chiratidzo chakajeka cheicho chinomisikidzwa chekushushikana kwemuchani mune ramangwana kuisirwa.

Kugadzirwa Kwemagetsi ndiko Kubudirira Kutsva

Mabhodhi anotungamira emodule akanakira misoro yenyaya, asi nhaurirano pasi yachinja kuita goho resimba. Ndiyo kilowatt-maawa aunokohwa pamakore makumi maviri nemashanu. Izvi zvinounza bifaciality, tembiricha coefficients, uye spectral mhinduro mukutarisa kwakapinza. Ndakafamba akawanda mawebhusaiti uko kuseri kwemubairo kwakakanganiswa nesarudzo yeminiti yekupedzisira kuchengetedza pakureba kana kushandisa sub-optimal yevhu chivharo. The theoretical 15% kuwana kwakava 5%. Chidzidzo chinorwadza mukubatanidza system.

Muedzo chaiwo uri munzvimbo dzakaoma. Isu takatumira mamwe ekutanga n-mhando TOPCon batches munzvimbo yakakwirira-yegwenga, yakakwirira-UV saiti. Yekutanga PID kuramba yaive stellar, asi isu takaona kunonoka, kuwedzeredza simba kuderedzwa kwakabatana neUV-induced degradation yeencapsulant interface, dambudziko risinganyanyi kutaurwa mune yekare p-type modules. Yakanga isiri showtopper, asi yakagadzirisa iyo LCOE modhi. Ndidzo idzi nuanced, dzenguva refu dzemunda data mapoinzi ayo achagadzira chinotevera chizvarwa chesero uye module kurongedza, ichifamba kupfuura yakajairwa 1000-awa DH/TC/UV kutevedzana mulabhu.

Uku kutarisisa goho kuri kufambisawo nzira yakasanganiswa. Hazvisisiri zvekungosarudza pakati peTOPCon kana HJT. Ndiri kuona mamwe magadzirirwo anosanganisa matekinoroji mukati mechirimwa chimwe chete-HJT panzvimbo dzakamanikidzwa, dzepamusoro-soro dzepamusoro pedenga rekuita kwayo kwepamusoro muchiedza chakapararira uye kupisa, uye bulkier, inochipa PERC kana TOPCon panzvimbo yakashama. Iyi pragmatic, portfolio-yakavakirwa maitiro ekutora tekinoroji ndiyo nzira yakakosha iyo yakachena R&D nhoroondo dzinowanzopotsa.

Iyo Inverter seGrid Citizen

Inverters iri kuita huropi hwechirimwa, kwete chete DC-AC inoshandura. Iyo maitiro ndeye grid-kugadzira kugona. Isu tapfuura pakungodyisa nesimba. Negridi inertia inodonha nekuda kwekuregedza zvidyarwa zvinopisa, zvidyarwa zvitsva zviri kukumbirwa kupa synthetic inertia, tsigiro yemagetsi, uye kukwira-nepakati panguva yekukanganisa. Ndakagara kuburikidza nekutumwa uko mushandisi wegridi akaramba chirimwa nekuti simba rayo rekuita (Q) control loop rainonoka, nemamilliseconds. Kunonoka ikoko kwaireva kuti hazvaigona kubatsira kudzikamisa voltage dip iri padyo. Iyo hardware yaikwanisa, asi iyo firmware yakanga isingaite. Kugadzirisa kwakatora mwedzi mitanhatu yekuvandudza software uye kupihwazve chitupa.

Izvi zvinosundira indasitiri kuenda kumagetsi emagetsi ayo ane hushamwari hwegridhi. Silicon Carbide (SiC) MOSFETs mune inotevera-gen inverters inobvumira yakakwirira switching frequency, inotungamira kune madiki mafirita, asi zvakanyanya kukosha, anogonesa kukurumidza uye kwakanyatso kudzora kwemafungu ekubuda. Ichi chinyararire, kuseri kwe-panel maitiro anonyanya kukosha kune ramangwana kugadzikana kwemusika pane 0.5% yakakwana yekubudirira kuwana mune module.

Dambudziko rekubatanidza rakakura. Ikozvino iwe unofanirwa kutevedzera iyo electromagnetic yenguva pfupi maitiro eiyo solar park yako inosangana negedhi isina simba. Zvinoda hunyanzvi hutsva, kubatanidza masisitimu emagetsi enjiniya nemagetsi emagetsi. Makambani anobata iyi system-level control anovhara mumakore gumi anotevera eEPC makondirakiti.

Kuchengetedza: The Indivisible Partner

Kuidaidza kuti PV plus kuchengetedza kwatove kwechinyakare. Mumisika mizhinji, ingori PV, ine chengetedzo inofungidzirwa. Iwo maitiro akananga kuDC-akabatana zvivakwa, uko mabhatiri anobatana zvakananga kune PV array's DC bhazi pamberi peiyo inverter. Kubudirira kwekuwana kunoreva - iwe unodzivirira DC-AC-DC-AC kushandura kutenderera. Asi rubatsiro chairwo kudzora. Iwe unogona kunyatso cheka iyo PV inobuda kuti ienderane chaizvo chiyero che inverter uye funnel chero yakawandisa yakananga mubhatiri. Takagadzirisazve 100MWac chirimwa chine 40MWh DC-yakabatana system. Chikamu chinonyengera chakanga chisiri hardware; yaive yakagadziridzwa simba manejimendi system (EMS) logic yekufanotaura chivharo chegore uye kusarudza, mumasekonzi, kana kudhonza kubva mubhatiri kana kurega PV ramp, zvese uchisangana nehurongwa hwePPA hwakaoma.

Iyo gakava remakemikari riri kuenderera mberi. LFP (Lithium Iron Phosphate) ndiyo yakasarudzika yekuchengetedza yakamira izvozvi nekuda kwekuchengetedza uye kutenderera hupenyu. Asi ini ndiri kuchengeta ziso pane sodium-ion. Iyo simba density yakadzikira, asi kune utility-chiyero, tsoka yetsoka haina kukosha pane yakabikwa mutengo uye kuwanikwa. Kana hupenyu hwekutenderera hunoti hunobata mumunda, hunogona kukanganisa pasi pemitengo yenguva refu yekuchengetedza zvikumbiro zvakanamirwa kune solar, kunyanya uko kukosha kuri mukuchinja simba kwemazuva, kwete maawa chete.

Kukundikana kwatakaita? Kuedza kwekutanga kwekutonga kwekudziya kwemabhatiri emukati aivimba zvakanyanya nekutonhorera kwemhepo munzvimbo yerenje. Guruva rakavhara masefa nekukurumidza kupfuura zvanga zvanga zvichitarisirwa, zvichikonzera kupisa nekudzikisira. Kutarisisa kwakapusa, kunenge kwakapusa, asi kwakatidyira mwedzi yekushanda. Ikozvino iwo mashizha akavharidzirwa ebhatiri akavharirwa ane chikamu chitsva chose pakusefa uye kutenderera kwekugadzirisa.

Denderedzwa: Kubva kuBuzzword kuenda kuBOM

Sustainability iri kufamba kubva kuPR kuenda kubhiri rezvinhu. Haisi chete nezve carbon footprint zvakare; zviri pamusoro pekugadzira disassembly uye recyclability. EU iri kuuya eco-dhizaini mandates chiratidzo. Unogona here kuparadzanisa girazi kubva kune encapsulant (EVA kana POE) zvakachena? Unogona kudzoreredza silicon wafer? Kunyanya kushandiswa patsva kuri kudzikisa-kupwanya mapaneru ekubatanidza mukongiri. Ndiwo mugumo wakafa.

Vamwe vagadziri vemodule vava kugadzira ne thermoplastic polymer backsheet pachinzvimbo che thermoset, iyo inogona kunyungudika zvakare. Vamwe vari kutarisa maconductive adhesives kutsiva soldering, zvichiita kuti kudzoreredza kwesero kuve nyore. Uku hakusi kuzvida; ndiyo yeramangwana-chiratidzo ichipokana nenjodzi yekutonga uye kuchengetedza kupinda kune yechipiri zvinhu hova. Ndakashanyira nzvimbo yekutyaira iyo inoshandisa musanganiswa wekupisa uye makemikari maitiro ekudzikisa mapaneru. Girazi rakadzoserwa raive rehutsanana hwepamusoro kuti udzokere mumutsetse wekutenderera kune girazi idzva rezuva. Icho chivharo chakavharwa. Asi hupfumi hunoshanda chete pachiyero chikuru uye nemamodule akagadzirirwa kubva pakutanga.

Kufunga uku kunotodzika kusvika kuzvikamu zvekuumbwa. Ko iyo aluminium kubva kune tracker posts uye module mafiramu anogona kurongeka zviri nyore uye kudzokororwa? Indasitiri ichatanga kuda zvinyorwa - pasipoti yezvinhu - kune zvese, kusvika kune Fasteners. Iyo inowedzera huwandu hwekuoma, asiwo mukana wekudzoreredza mutengo pakupera kwehupenyu. Makambani anovaka aya denderedzwa Logistics cheni izvozvi achave ane chikamu chakakosha cheramangwana market.

The Human Factor: Skills Gap muTech-Saturated Field

Chekupedzisira, maitiro hapana anofarira kutaura nezvawo: tiri kupera vanhu chaivo. Tekinoroji iri kuitika nekukurumidza kupfuura iyo vashandi vanogona kudzidziswa. Chinhu chimwe chete kuisa PERC modules; ndeimwe yekumisikidza grid-inogadzira inverter kana kugadzirisa DC-yakabatana kuchengetedza system's EMS. Ndakaona mapurojekiti achinonotswa nekuti matekiniki emuno, ane hunyanzvi muPV yechinyakare, haana kupihwa mvumo yekushanda padivi reMV transformer yeiyo nyowani, yakabatanidzwa inverter-skid mhinduro.

Musika weramangwana uchaita bifurcate. Pachave nemutengo wepamusoro weakabatanidzwa zvakanyanya, akangwara solar-kuchengetedza-grid mhinduro inoda nyanzvi dzeO&M zvikwata, zvinowanzo tsigirwa kure. Uye pachave nemusika wekuti akareruka, akasimba makiti ezvikumbiro zvisinganyanyi kudiwa. Iye anokunda haafanire kunge aine yakanakisa tekinoroji, asi inonyanya kushanda ecosystem yekuisa, kuichengeta, uye nekuipa mari. Izvo zvinosanganisira kuve neakavimbika ekutengesa cheni kune yega chikamu, kubva kuIGBTs mune inverter kusvika kumabhaudhi anobata zvese pamwechete. Nokuti pakupedzisira, chimiro chinongova pfungwa kusvikira yasimbiswa mumuviri pasi, uye iyo ichiri kutora wrench, ruoko rwakadzidziswa kuti rutendeuke, uye chikamu chisingakundiki muzuva.