
2026-01-16
Mukamva kukhazikika pakupanga, mwina mumaganiza za zinthu zamatikiti akulu: mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa kwa mbewu, kusinthira kuzitsulo zobwezerezedwanso, kapena kudula zinyalala zoziziritsa kukhosi. Odzichepetsa samatero kawirikawiri pin shaft bwerani m'maganizo. Ndiwo malo akhungu wamba. Kwa zaka zambiri, nkhaniyo inali yoti zomangira ndi zinthu - zotsika mtengo, zosinthika, komanso zokhazikika. Kukankhira kokhazikika kunkawoneka ngati chinthu chomwe chinachitika mozungulira iwo, osati kudzera mwa iwo. Koma ngati mwakhalapo pa fakitale kapena pamisonkhano yowunikira mapangidwe, mukudziwa kuti ndi pamene zopindulitsa zenizeni, zopindulitsa kwambiri-kapena zotayika-zotsekeredwa. ndikuganiziranso chinthu chofunikira chonyamula katundu kuti chiwongolere magwiridwe antchito azinthu, moyo wautali, komanso kuchepetsa zida zonse. Ndiroleni ndimasulire zimenezo.
Zimayamba ndi funso losavuta: chifukwa chiyani pini ili pano, ndipo ikuyenera kukhala yolemetsa chonchi? Mu pulojekiti yam'mbuyomu ya opanga makina aulimi, tinkayang'ana pa pivot pin yolumikizana ndi okolola. Choyambirira chinali cha 40mm m'mimba mwake, 300mm kutalika kwa pini yachitsulo ya carbon. Zinali choncho kwa zaka zambiri, gawo lopititsa patsogolo. Cholinga chinali kuchepetsa mtengo, koma njira inatsogolera kukhazikika. Pochita kusanthula koyenera kwa FEA pazitsulo zenizeni zonyamula katundu-osati zolemba za chitetezo cha mabuku a 5-tinazindikira kuti tikhoza kusinthana ndi chitsulo champhamvu kwambiri, chochepa cha alloy ndi kuchepetsa m'mimba mwake mpaka 34mm. Izi zidapulumutsa 1.8 kg yachitsulo pa pini. chulukitsani ndi mayunitsi 20,000 pachaka. Zotsatira zake zinali zochepa zokumbidwa, kukonzedwa, ndi kunyamulidwa. Njira yopangira chitsulocho ndi yayikulu, kotero kupulumutsa pafupifupi matani 36 azitsulo pachaka sikunangopambana mtengo; chinali chilengedwe chogwirika. Vuto silinali uinjiniya; zinali zokhutiritsa zogula kuti kalasi yodula pang'ono yachitsulo pa kilogalamu inali yofunikira pakupulumutsa dongosolo lonse. Ndiko kusintha kwa chikhalidwe.
Apa ndi pamene geography ya zopanga zimafunikira. M'malo ngati Chigawo cha Yongnian ku Handan, Hebei, komwe ndi komwe kumayambitsa kupanga zinthu mwachangu ku China, mukuwona kuwerengera uku kukuchitika pamafakitale. Kampani yomwe ikugwira ntchito kumeneko, monga Malingaliro a kampani Handan Zitai Fastener Manufacturing Co., Ltd., akukhala pakati pa ma network ambiri ogulitsa. Zosankha zawo pakupeza zinthu zakuthupi ndi kukhathamiritsa kwazinthu zimasokonekera. Akasankha kugwira ntchito ndi mphero zachitsulo zomwe zimapereka ma billets oyeretsera, osasinthasintha, amachepetsa mitengo yamtengo wapatali pakupanga kwawo ndi kupanga makina awo. Kuchepa kwa zidutswa kumatanthauza kusungunula kapena kukonzanso zigawo zina zomwe zawonongeka. Ndiko kuchita bwino komwe kumayamba ndi billet yaiwisi ndikutha ndi kumaliza pin shaft izo sizikuwonjezera-injiniya vuto. Mutha kudziwa zambiri za momwe amagwirira ntchito patsamba lawo, https://www.zitai fasteners.com.
Koma kuchepetsa zinthu kuli ndi malire ake. Mutha kupanga pini yowonda kwambiri isanathe. Malire otsatirawa sikungotulutsa zinthu, koma kuyika magwiridwe antchito. Izi zimatsogolera kumankhwala apamwamba komanso kupanga zapamwamba.
Corrosion ndiye wakupha mwakachetechete wamakina komanso mdani wokhazikika. Pini yolephera chifukwa cha dzimbiri sikuti imangoyimitsa makina; zimapanga chiwonongeko - pini yothyoka, nthawi yopuma, ntchito yolowa m'malo, chiwonongeko chotheka. Yankho lakale lakale linali lakuda la electroplated chrome. Zimagwira ntchito, koma plating ndi yonyansa, yomwe imaphatikizapo hexavalent chromium, ndipo imapanga malo omwe amatha kuphulika, zomwe zimatsogolera ku maenje a galvanic corrosion.
Tinayesa njira zingapo. Chimodzi chinali chotchingira cha polima cholimba kwambiri, chosasunthika kwambiri. Zinagwira ntchito mokongola mu labu komanso m'malo oyeserera aukhondo. Kuchepetsa kukangana, kukana dzimbiri bwino. Koma m'munda, pa chofukula chomanga chomwe chimagwira ntchito mumatope a abrasive, chimatha m'maola 400. Kulephera. Phunziro linali lakuti kukhazikika sikungokhudza ukhondo; ndi za mankhwala omwe amakhala mu dziko lenileni. Njira yokhazikika yokhazikika idakhala njira yosiyana: chithandizo cha ferritic nitrocarburizing (FNC) chophatikizidwa ndi chisindikizo cha post-oxidation. Ichi si chophimba; ndi njira yofalikira yomwe imasintha zitsulo zam'mwamba. Zimapanga wosanjikiza wakuya, wolimba, komanso wosachita dzimbiri. Pakatikati pa piniyo imakhala yolimba, koma pamwamba pake imatha kuthana ndi abrasion ndikupewa dzimbiri nthawi yayitali kuposa plating. Kutalika kwa moyo wa pivot joint mu kuyesa kwathu kwamunda kuwirikiza kawiri. Ndiwo mikombero iwiri yamoyo pamtengo wa imodzi malinga ndi mpweya wopangidwa kuchokera kukupanga. Mphamvu zamachitidwe a FNC ndizofunika, koma zikaperekedwa kuwirikiza kawiri moyo wautumiki, zovuta zonse zachilengedwe zimatsika.
Uwu ndi mtundu wa kusanthula kwa malonda komwe kumachitika pansi. Njira yobiriwira kwambiri pamapepala sikhala yokhazikika nthawi zonse. Nthawi zina, gawo lopangira mphamvu zambiri pagawoli ndiye chinsinsi chosungira ndalama zambiri pamakina onse. Zimakukakamizani kuganiza m'machitidwe, osati m'malo okhazikika.
Nayi mbali yomwe nthawi zambiri imaphonya: kulongedza ndi kukonza. Nthaŵi ina tinafufuza mtengo wa carbon wopeza pini kuchokera ku fakitale ya Hebei kupita ku mzere wa magetsi ku Germany. Mapiniwo ankakulungidwa pachokha papepala lamafuta, n’kuikidwa m’mabokosi ang’onoang’ono, kenako m’katoni yokulirapo, yokhala ndi zodzaza thovu zambiri. Kuchita bwino kwa volumetric kunali koyipa. Tinali kutumiza mpweya ndi kulongedza zinyalala.
Tidagwira ntchito ndi ogulitsa - momwe wopanga ngati Zitai, ali pafupi ndi njanji zazikulu ndi misewu monga Beijing-Guangzhou Railway ndi National Highway 107, ali ndi mwayi wachilengedwe - kukonzanso paketi. Tinasamukira ku dzanja losavuta, lotha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito la makatoni lomwe linali ndi mapini khumi mu matrix olondola, olekanitsidwa ndi nthiti za makatoni. Palibe thovu, palibe chokulunga chapulasitiki (pepala lopepuka, losawonongeka losawonongeka m'malo mwake). Izi zidachulukitsa kuchuluka kwa mapini pachidebe chilichonse chotumizira ndi 40%. Ndiye 40% yocheperako yotumizira zotengera zomwezo. Kupulumutsa mafuta pa katundu wa m'nyanja ndi modabwitsa. Izi ndi pin shaft nzeru zatsopano? Mwamtheradi. Ndi njira yatsopano yobweretsera, yomwe ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la moyo wake. Malo a kampaniyo, kupereka mayendedwe osavuta kwambiri, sikungogulitsa malonda; ndi chiwongolero chochepetsera katundu wa mailosi akaphatikizidwa ndi ma CD anzeru. Imatembenuza mfundo yamalo kukhala chinthu chokhazikika.
Kuyendetsa makonda ndizovuta kwambiri. Pini iliyonse yapadera imafuna zida zake, kukhazikitsidwa kwake pa CNC, kagawo kake komweko, chiwopsezo chake chakutha. Ndawona malo osungiramo katundu odzaza ndi mapini apadera a makina omwe sanapangidwe. Izi ndi mphamvu ndi zinthu zomwe zimakhala zopanda ntchito, zomwe zimapangidwira kuti ziwonongeke.
Kusuntha kwamphamvu ndikuyimitsa mwaukali mkati mwa banja lazogulitsa. Pa pulojekiti yaposachedwa ya batri yamagalimoto amagetsi, tidalimbana kuti tigwiritse ntchito m'mimba mwake ndi zinthu zomwezo pamapini onse amkati, ngakhale ma module osiyanasiyana. Tinkasiyana utali wokha, womwe ndi ntchito yosavuta yodula. Izi zinkatanthauza katundu mmodzi wakuthupi, gulu limodzi lothandizira kutentha, ndondomeko imodzi yoyendetsera khalidwe. Idathandizira kuphatikiza (palibe chiwopsezo chosankha pini yolakwika) ndikuchepetsa kwambiri zovuta zazinthu. The kukhazikika kupindula apa kuli m'malamulo opangira zinthu zowonda: kuchepetsa kusintha kwa makonzedwe, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zochulukirapo, ndikuchotsa zinyalala ku chisokonezo. Sizokongola, koma ndipamene zenizeni, zogwirira ntchito zadongosolo zimabadwira. Kukaniza nthawi zambiri kumachokera kwa akatswiri opanga mapulani omwe amafuna kukulitsa pini iliyonse kuti ikhale yolemetsa, nthawi zambiri ndi kupindula pang'ono. Muyenera kuwawonetsa mtengo wonse - wachuma ndi chilengedwe - wa zovutazo.
Ichi ndiye chovuta. Kodi a pin shaft kukhala zozungulira? Ambiri amapanikizidwa, kuwotcherera, kapena opunduka (monga ndi circlip) m'njira yomwe imapangitsa kuchotsa kuwononga. Tidayang'ana izi pamakina a makina opangira mphepo. Zikhomo zotchingira ma blade bearings ndi zazikulu. Pamapeto a moyo, ngati agwidwa kapena kusakanikirana, ndi ntchito yodula nyali-yowopsa, yowononga mphamvu, ndipo imayipitsa zitsulo.
Lingaliro lathu linali pini yokhotakhota yokhala ndi ulusi wokhazikika wochotsa kumapeto kumodzi. Kapangidwe kake kanafuna makina olondola kwambiri, inde. Koma zinalola kuchotsedwa kotetezeka, kosawononga pogwiritsa ntchito chokoka cha hydraulic. Akangotuluka, pini yapamwamba kwambiri, yokhotakhota ikhoza kuyang'aniridwa, kukonzedwanso ngati kuli kofunikira, ndi kugwiritsidwanso ntchito mu ntchito yochepa kwambiri, kapena osachepera, kubwezeretsedwanso ngati zitsulo zoyera, zapamwamba, osati zitsulo zosakanizika. Mtengo woyamba wa unit unali wokwera. Malingaliro a mtengowo sanali kwa wogula woyamba, koma ku mtengo wonse wa umwini wa wogwiritsa ntchito pazaka 25 ndi kampani yochotsa ntchito pambuyo pake. Awa ndi malingaliro anthawi yayitali, owona moyo weniweni. Sizinatengedwe kwambiri - malingaliro amtengo wapatali akadali olamulira - koma ndi njira. Imasuntha piniyo kuchoka pamtengo kupita ku chinthu chobweza.
Choncho, ndi pin shaft innovation kuyendetsa kukhazikika? Chitha. Zimatero. Koma osati kudzera muzinthu zamatsenga kapena buzzwords. Imayendetsa kukhazikika kudzera muzolemera zochulukirapo za zisankho zanzeru chikwi: kumeta magalamu kuchokera pamapangidwe, kusankha mankhwala okhalitsa, kuwanyamula mwanzeru, okhazikika mosalekeza, ndi kulimba mtima kuganiza za mapeto pachiyambi. Zili m'manja mwa mainjiniya, okonza mapulani, ndi oyang'anira apamwamba pansi m'malo ngati Handan. Kuyendetsa sikumatchedwa kubiriwira nthawi zonse; nthawi zambiri amalembedwa kuti ndi yothandiza, yodalirika, kapena yotsika mtengo. Koma kopita ndi chimodzimodzi: kuchita zambiri ndi zochepa, kwautali. Ndiyo nkhani yeniyeni.