Urumva ibiranga 7-ibirenge byajugunywe hirya nohino yihuta cyangwa inoti za kera zubuhanga, kandi mubyukuri, amaso yabantu benshi arabengerana. Birasa nkaho code ya arcane. Mu murongo wanjye w'akazi-bijyanye no guhuza imiterere, ibyuma bya ankeri, hamwe n'amasahani aremereye-ntabwo ari code, ahubwo ni inzira yihariye, hafi-yishuri-ishaje yo gusobanura Bolt Ubujyakuzimu. Urujijo rusanzwe rutangira kuko abantu bakeka ko bijyanye na bolt yumubiri ifite inyuguti ndwi zashyizweho kashe. Ntabwo aribyo. Ni ururimi rwihariye, amagambo ahinnye. Byibanze, bivuga uburebure bukenewe bwa bolt igomba gushyingurwa muri beto kugirango itezimbere imbaraga zuzuye zuzuye, kandi igice cyinyuguti 7 nuburyo bwo kwerekana urwo rugero ndetse rimwe na rimwe nibindi biranga mumurongo ufatika, usanzwe winyuguti numubare. Nabonye ibi biza cyane mugushushanya umushinga wumurage cyangwa mugihe ukorana nibikoresho bimwe na bimwe byinganda byinganda kuva mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 20.

Anatomy ya 7-Inyuguti

Reka dusenye ibyo izo nyuguti ndwi mubisanzwe byerekana. Ntabwo ari rusange, ariko uburyo rusange nahuye nabwo ni ikintu nka 'L45x300'. Iyo ni inyuguti esheshatu, ushobora kuvuga. Ongeraho imbanzirizamushinga cyangwa inyuguti yinyandiko yubwoko cyangwa kurangiza, hanyuma ukande karindwi. 'L' irashobora kwerekana ubwoko bwihariye bwa bolt (nka J-bolt cyangwa L-bolt yo gushira). '45' irashobora kuba diameter muri milimetero, na '300' the Ubujyakuzimu. Ubundi buryo bushobora kuba 'M36-400', aho 'M' ari urudodo rwa metero, '36' ni diameter, naho '400' ni ugushiramo. Urufunguzo ni ubujyakuzimu - 300mm cyangwa 400mm - urwo ni rwo rugero rukomeye. Nigice cyemeza ko bolt idakuramo munsi yumutwaro. Ndibuka umushinga wa retrofit aho umwimerere wa 1980 spes yahamagaye 7-inyuguti ikandagira, sp: H-B 5/8 × 24. Yadutwaye umunsi wo gusobanura ko H-B ishobora kuba yari urukurikirane rw'abakora, diameter 5/8, na santimetero 24 zo gushiramo. Inyuguti 7 yari ibisobanuro birambuye kuri urwo rwego rwihariye.

Kuki iyi format? Gutegura mbere ya digitale. Nuburyo bworoshye bwo gupakira amakuru akomeye mumwanya muto kuri gahunda yo gushushanya. Ntushobora kwandika igika. Ukeneye umugozi umuhanga wumuhanga cyangwa umuyobozi wurubuga ashobora kureba no gusobanukirwa. Ikibazo uyumunsi nuko ubumenyi bugenda bugabanuka. Ba injeniyeri bato barabibona kandi bagomba kujya gucukura binyuze mumfashanyigisho zishaje. Nabaye uriya musore kuri terefone mbisobanurira rwiyemezamirimo urujijo inshuro nyinshi kuruta uko nabara.

Inshingano ifatika yose ni ihererekanyabubasha. Uburebure bwashyizwemo bubarwa hashingiwe ku mbaraga zo gukomeretsa za beto n'imbaraga z'umusaruro wa bolt kugirango habeho ubumwe bukwiye. Mugufi cyane, kandi ushobora guhura nikibazo cyo gukuramo. Buri gihe mpora nambukiranya ibice bishaje hamwe na code ya kijyambere igezweho, nka ACI 318 Umugereka D cyangwa ibisa nayo, kugirango menye bihagije. Rimwe na rimwe, ibintu bishaje byari ibintu bikabije; rimwe na rimwe, biteye impungenge, bari imipaka.

Imikorere-Isi Yukuri hamwe nibisanzwe

Mubyukuri mubona ibi? Ibikoresho bishaje byamashanyarazi, pompe yimashini nini zinganda, nuburyo bwo gushyigikira ibintu biremereye. Imiterere yurubuga akenshi ni inzitizi nini. Urabona igishushanyo guhamagarira a 7-imiterere Bolt hamwe na 400mm yashyizwemo. Urerekana, kandi fondasiyo isanzwe ihari ni 500mm gusa. Ntushobora gushiramo 400mm utarinze hasi. Noneho iki? Igishushanyo mbonera gishobora kuba cyarafashe icyemezo kinini. Aha niho reberi ihurira n'umuhanda. Ugomba kongera gushushanya urufatiro (ruhenze, rutwara igihe) cyangwa ugashaka ubundi buryo bwa ankoring, nka post-yometseho ibyuma bifata ibyuma cyangwa ibyuma byimbere, bishobora kugera kubushobozi busa hamwe no gushiramo igihe gito. Ariko ibyo bisaba imiterere yuzuye yo kongera kubara.

Undi mutego ni ukurinda ruswa. Byinshi muribi bishaje byari ibya karuboni isanzwe. Mu ruganda rukora imiti cyangwa gutunganya amazi mabi, iyo bolt, yashyinguwe muri beto, irashobora kwangirika imbere. Nagiye mu iperereza ryubucamanza aho kunanirwa bitatewe nuburebure bwashizwemo ahubwo byatewe no gutakaza igice cyaturutse kuri ruswa kuri interineti ifatika. Noneho, iyo mbonye inyuguti 7, kimwe mubibazo byanjye byambere kijyanye nibidukikije. Ntibikwiye kuba ingese? Hoba hakwiye kubaho igikingirizo? Umwimerere wambere ucecetse kuriyi.

Sourcing nububabare bwayo. Ntushobora kugenda gusa mumaduka asanzwe yihuta hanyuma usabe ibiranga 7-ibirenge. Ugomba guhindura ibisobanuro mumagambo agezweho, ashobora kugurwa: urwego rwibintu (urugero, ASTM A307, A193 B7), diameter, ikibanza cyurudodo, hamwe nuburebure bwuzuye (uburebure bwimbitse hiyongereyeho uburebure bwurudodo rwerekanwe). Aha niho kugira uruganda rwizewe ni zahabu. Isosiyete nka Hamagara zitai yihuta ukora co., Ltd., ishingiye mu Bushinwa bukuru bwihuta cyane bwo gukora ibicuruzwa muri Yongnian, Hebei, akenshi ifite ubushobozi bwo gukora ibyo bintu bitari bisanzwe, biremereye cyane kugirango bisobanuke neza. Aho biherereye hafi yingenzi yo gutwara abantu ningirakamaro mubikoresho, ariko agaciro nyako ninkunga yabo yubuhanga kugirango basobanure ibyo bisabwa umurage mubicuruzwa byakozwe.

Urubanza mu ngingo: Retrofit Yagiye nabi

Nzabagezaho urubanza rugufi rutari ibiza ariko hafi-kubura bitwara igihe n'amafaranga. Twashyizaga compressor nshya kuri padiri iriho muruganda rushaje. Igishushanyo, kopi ya kopi, yerekanwe Anchor Bolts (7-char footing): 4 req'd, reba ibisobanuro 5 / B. Ibisobanuro 5 / B byarazimye ariko yerekana ikintu nka D32-550. Twabisobanuye nka diametero 32mm, gushyiramo 550mm. Urufatiro rwari rurerure bihagije, nuko tugura ibihindu - tubinyujije mumasoko yaho wasezeranye ibihimbano. Bolt yahageze, twabashyize mubishusho, dusuka grout. Mugihe cya nyuma ya torque-up, imwe muri bolts yatangiye kuzunguruka. Yari yarakwegeye. Twahagaritse byose.

Nyuma yiperereza riteye ubwoba, twabonye amakosa yacu. Mu gishushanyo cy'umwimerere cy'umugani muto, D ntabwo yahagaze kuri diameter; yari ihagaze kubwoko bwa deformed-bar anchor ubwoko buva mubudage bwacitse. 32 yari diameter, ariko 550 yari uburebure bwose, ntabwo bwimbitse. Kwinjiza mubyukuri byarangwaga ahandi nka 400mm. Bolt yacu yari ifite uburyo bwo guhindura ibintu nabi kuri shank kuri 550mm yuzuye, bivuze ko imbaraga zubucuti zari munsi yibisabwa. Twagombaga gushira hanze grout, gukuraho bolts, no gutangira hejuru. Isomo? Ibice 7-byerekana byari ibimenyetso, ariko ntitwigeze ducukumbura bihagije mubyangombwa byunganira bigezweho. Twatekereje ko imiterere yari rusange. Ntabwo byari.

Iyi niyo mpamvu ubu mfata ibintu byose nkibintu byo gutangiriraho akazi. Birasaba gusubiramo ibipimo byuzuye byamateka yumushinga, ibintu bifatika kuva kera, ndetse rimwe na rimwe bikagera no kubashakashatsi bacyuye igihe niba umushinga ari ngombwa bihagije.

Ibigereranyo bigezweho hamwe nubusaza

Noneho, ni igitekerezo cya a 7-imiterere bishaje? Ahanini, yego, ukurikije ijambo ryihariye. Porogaramu yubuhanga bugezweho hamwe na BIM (Kwubaka Amakuru Yerekana Model) yerekana (nta gihano igenewe) aya makuru yose muburyo bumwe. Anchor bolt muburyo bwa Revit ifite ibintu byinshi bifatanye nayo: diameter, uburebure, gushira, ibikoresho, imbaraga zanyuma, kurwanya ruswa, kwishyiriraho umuriro. Igikenewe cyo gutondekanya indwi-nyuguti ikurikira.

Ariko, ihame ntirishaje rwose. Kugaragaza ubujyakuzimu busobanutse, budasobanutse ni ngombwa cyane kuruta mbere hose. Turabikora ukundi. Icyerekezo kigezweho gishobora gusoma: Anchor Bolt: ASTM F1554 Icyiciro cya 105, 1-1 / 4 diameter, umutwe wa hex, hamwe byibuze 36 byinjijwe muri beto, f'c = 4000 psi. Iyo ni inyuguti nyinshi, ariko biragaragara. Umurage wa sisitemu 7-yibutsa ni kwibutsa kuba byuzuye kandi byuzuye. Byasabye indero yoroheje dushobora kuba twatakaje, ariko twabonye ibisobanuro.

Kubahimbyi nabatanga uyumunsi, ibisobanuro nibyingenzi. Iyo nakiriye igishushanyo gishaje, ndema urupapuro rusobanutse rwambuye jargon. Nshobora kwandika: Kubintu byanditseho 'L45x300' mugushushanya A-101, tanga ibyuma 4x bya ankeri, ibikoresho: 304 Icyuma kitagira umuyonga, diameter: 45mm, uburebure bwurudodo bwose bugera kuri 700mm hamwe na 300mm ya shanki isukuye kugirango ushiremo, urudodo kuri ISO metric coarse pitch. Hanyuma mboherereje ibyo mubukora nka Zitai Byihuta kuri cote. Kugaragara birinda amakosa ahenze. Ikipe yabo, imenyereye ibipimo bishaje nibishya, mubisanzwe irashobora gukora kuva ntakibazo.

Umwanzuro: Byerekeye Ubujyakuzimu, Ntabwo ari Jargon

Iyo umunsi urangiye, ibirenge 7 biranga igice cya tekiniki ya tekiniki ya jargon. Niba wibuka ikintu kimwe, reka bibe ibi: intandaro yijambo ingingo zingenzi cyane Ubujyakuzimu ya yihuta muri beto. Nibishushanyo byigihe cyitumanaho ryubuhanga. Uyu munsi, dufite ibikoresho byiza nibipimo bisobanutse neza, ariko ikibazo cyibanze gikomeza kuba kimwe: kwemeza ko icyuma gihujwe neza na beto kugirango gitware umutwaro. Ijambo ijambo rirashira, kubara bigenda birushaho kuba byiza, ariko gukenera kwitabwaho cyane kubijyanye no gushushanya amaduka no kumurimo wakazi ntabwo bihinduka. Ntukamanike kuri decode yinyuguti ndwi; wibande kugenzura inzira yumutwaro bari bagamije kwemeza. Nibyo byukuri kuva mumyaka mirongo ibiri yo kubona ibi bintu mwishyamba, kuva ibishushanyo mbonera kugeza ibishushanyo mbonera byamavuta.