Yintoni inkqubo yenkxaso ye-photovoltaic? 

Uyazi, xa abaninzi abantu beva inkqubo ye-photovoltaic, bacinga ngokukhawuleza ngamapaneli. Isilicon ekhazimlayo, amagama ebhrendi, iipesenti zokusebenza kakuhle. Kunqabile ukuba incoko iqale ngokuba amathambo ayibambe yonke loo nto—i inkqubo yenkxaso ye-photovoltaic. Leyo yimpazamo yokuqala. Akunjalo nje ukukrazula. Sisiseko solwakhiwo esichaza ixesha elide, ukhuseleko, kwaye ekugqibeleni, imbuyekezo yemali yalo lonke uluhlu. Ukuba iipaneli ziyintliziyo, le yi-skeleton, kwaye i-skeleton ebuthathaka iyasilela kungakhathaliseki ukuba intliziyo yomelele kangakanani.

Ngaphandle kweRacking: I-Anatomy yeNkxaso

Masiyiqhekeze. A Isakhiwo senkxaso yePV ayikho imveliso enye. Yindibano yobunjineli, ngokwesiqhelo ialuminiyam okanye intsimbi ekhandiweyo, equka iireyile, iziqhoboshi, izibiyeli, kunye neziqhoboshi. Iireyili ngamalungu e-longitudinal aphethe iipaneli. I-clamps-ephakathi kunye nesiphelo-ibambe iifreyimu zephaneli ngaphandle kokubhoboza. Iibrakethi zidibanisa iileyili kwisiseko esisezantsi, esinokungena kwiphahla, unyawo lwebhola, okanye imfumba ephantsi komhlaba. Onke amacandelo anetyala lomthwalo: umthwalo ofileyo, ukuphakamisa umoya, ikhephu, i-seismic. Ndizibonile iiprojekthi apho ugxininiso lobunjineli lwalukuphela koyilo olukhulu, ngelixa i-spec ye-M10 yebhonti yensimbi engenasici yayiyinto yokucinga. Leyo yiresiphi yoxinzelelo lokuqhekeka kokutya kwiindawo eziselunxwemeni kwiminyaka emihlanu ezantsi.

Ukukhetha izinto eziphathekayo kukutsalwa rhoqo. I-aluminiyam ikhaphukhaphu, ayivani nomhlwa, kwaye kulula ukuyifaka kwisiza ngokusikeka okulula. Kodwa umlinganiselo wokomelela ukuya kubunzima buthetha ukuba ufuna imathiriyeli eninzi yomthwalo womoya ofanayo xa kuthelekiswa nentsimbi, kwaye ukwanda kwe-thermal kuphezulu. Intsimbi ekhuniweyo yomelele kwaye ihlala ineendleko ezithe kratya kwiifama ezinkulu eziluncedo, kodwa loo maleko egalvanization ingcwele. Nayiphi na i-welding yentsimi okanye ukusika ngaphandle kokukhusela kwakhona ngokukhawuleza kudala i-rust point yexesha elizayo. Ndikhumbula indawo engama-20MW apho unokontraka, ukonga ixesha, wacutha imiphetho yezibiyeli ukuze ayenze ilingane, ehluba igalvanization. Siyibambe ngexesha lokuhlolwa okungacwangciswanga, kodwa kwakuthetha ukuba amakhulu ezibiyeli afuna ukucofa. Ukulibaziseka kubiza ngaphezulu kokuyenza kakuhle okokuqala.

Emva koko kukho ujongano-uncamathiselo. Ukuxhoma uphahla lilizwe labo. Ukukhwela okungenayo kudinga ukuqonda okugqibeleleyo kwamalungu ophahla lwesakhiwo kunye neenkcukacha zokukhusela amanzi (njengetywina elikhanyayo) okubaluleke kakhulu njengebholithi ngokwayo. Iinkqubo zeBallasted zintle-akukho kungena-kodwa ubunzima bebhloko ye-ballast yongeza umthwalo obalulekileyo oswelekileyo kwisakhiwo sophahla, esingasoloko sibalwa kwizifundo zokuqala ezinokwenzeka. Ndibizwe ukuba ndivavanye uphahla lwendlu yokugcina apho i-ballast ebalwayo ichanekile, kodwa ukusasazwa kwacima, okukhokelela kwimiba yamanzi enokubakho. I isakhiwo sokuxhoma ilanga kufuneka isebenze kwi-symbiosis nesakhiwo, hayi nje ukuhlala kuso.

Inyani yeNtaba esemhlabeni: Ayisiyo nje ukuncamathela kuBumdaka

Iinkqubo ezibekwe phantsi zibonakala zithe tye de ube kwindawo. Isiseko yinto yonke. Iimfumba eziqhutywayo ziyakhawuleza kwaye zinciphisa umsebenzi womhlaba. Iimfumba zeHelical zilungile kwimihlaba engazinzanga. Iibhola zekhonkrithi okanye ii-caissons zezomoya ophezulu okanye iimeko zomhlaba ezimbi. Ukhetho alukho nje ubugcisa; imalunga nomhlaba wendawo kunye nokufikelela kwizixhobo. Kwiprojekthi ekwinduli enamatye, inkqubo yethu yemfumba eqhutywayo ecetyiweyo yayingeyosiqalo. Sitshintshele kwisikrufu somhlaba esinesixhobo esincinci, kodwa iinkcukacha zetorque zofakelo kuloo bhedi iqhekekileyo ibe ngumngeni wokulinganisa imihla ngemihla. I inkqubo yenkxaso yelanga Uyilo kwakufuneka lube lulwelo, luziqhelanise noko sikuxelelwa ngumhlaba.

Umhlwa ngumbulali othuleyo. I-spec inokuthi idiphu eshushu ifakwe igalvanized, kodwa ubukhulu bento yokugquma ibalulekile. Kwiindawo ezinobungozi kakhulu (unxweme, ezolimo, ushishino), ngamanye amaxesha i-duplex coating (igalvanizing kunye nepeyinti yepeyinti) iyafuneka. Oku ndakufunda kabuhlungu kwasekuqaleni. Sasebenzisa imveliso eqhelekileyo eyenziwe ngamazinki kwisixokelelwano esikufuphi nesityalo sezichumisi. Kwisithuba seminyaka emithathu, sasisele siqhubele phambili ngokubaleka i-zinc kunye nesiseko sentsimbi yokudleka kwiindawo zokudityaniswa. Ikhemistri ye-atmospheric yayinobundlongondlongo ngakumbi kuneetafile zethu eziqhelekileyo eziqikelelweyo. Ngoku, uhlalutyo lokusingqongileyo linyathelo lokuqala elingenakuthethwa ekukhetheni izinto eziphathekayo.

Apha kulapho ikhonkco lonikezelo kunye nomgangatho wamacandelo zibambekayo. Udinga abavelisi abaqondayo la ma-nuances, kungekhona nje i-benders yensimbi. Inkampani efana I-Sunnian Zitai Festener Fishaner Comment Com. (https //wwww.ziitasteners.com), ebekwe kwisiseko semveliso yenxalenye enkulu yaseTshayina eYongnian, eHebei, iba yinto efanelekileyo. Ukusondela kwabo kwiindlela eziphambili zezothutho ezifana ne-Beijing-Guangzhou Railway kunye ne-National Highway 107 ayisiyonzuzo nje ye-logistics. Ukuba kule nkqubo yendalo yoshishino kuhlala kuthetha ukuba bahambelana nezinto ezithile kunye neemfuno zokugquma iiprojekthi zelanga zamazwe ngamazwe. I-fastener efanelekileyo-kunye nebakala elichanekileyo, i-coating, kunye ne-traceability-yinxalenye encinci ephethe umthwalo wonke womatshini. Ukufumana imveliso evela kumvelisi okhethekileyo kwingingqi yemveliso egxininisiweyo kungathomalalisa umngcipheko wokufumana amayeza enziwe afana nalawo aveliswe ngabenzi, iinxalenye ezingachazwanga kakuhle.

Ukufakela: Apho ithiyori idibana nodaka

Ukunyamezelana koyilo yinto enye; ulungelelwaniso lwentsimi yenye. Umzila kaloliwe unokuchazwa ukuba ube nonyamezelo +/- 2mm ngaphezu kweemitha ezili-10. Ngaphantsi kwelanga, kunye neqela elizama ukuhlangabezana nenani lemihla ngemihla, ukugcina oko kunzima. Ndibone abafakeli besebenzisa amandla agqithisileyo ukutsala iimodyuli ezingahambelani kakuhle kwiiclamp, besenza uxinzelelo lweglasi olufihlakeleyo. Inkqubo yenkxaso kufuneka yenzelwe ukulungelelaniswa okuthile-imingxuma edibeneyo, izibiyeli ezilungelelanisiweyo-ukuthatha ezi ziphene ezingenakuphepheka zentsimi. Olona yilo lubalaseleyo lunoxolelo olwakhelwe ngaphakathi.

Imiba yezixhobo. I-wrench ye-torque yombane lutyalo-mali olufanelekileyo. Iibholiti zokuqinisa izandla kwiwaka lokudityaniswa kukhokelela kumandla obambeneyo angahambelaniyo, nto leyo enokukhokelela ekukhululweni phantsi kokungcangcazela okanye, ngokuchaseneyo, ukuqhawulwa kwemisonto. Siphumeze inkqubo yophicotho olulula: i-random torque ihlola i-5% yoqhagamshelo emva kofakelo. Izinga lokungaphumeleli kuphicotho-zincwadi lokuqala laliyothusa, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubuyiselweni kwetorque kwindawo epheleleyo. Yayisisifundo esibuhlungu kulawulo lwenkqubo, kodwa yathintela into eyayinokuba ngumba wengqibelelo yesakhiwo ngexesha lesaqhwithi.

Iindleko zokuyilungisa

Ukusilela akufane kube sisiwohlo esimangalisayo. Iyakhula. Kunyukile ukungcoliseka ngenxa yokuba uluhlu alukho kwithambeka elichanekileyo lokuzicoca. I-micro-cracks kwiiseli ukusuka kwisakhelo esiphantsi koxinzelelo oluqhubekayo, olungalinganiyo. Kukunyonyoba okucothayo kwesibiyeli kuphahla oluthambekileyo ngenxa yokuba ukubamba kwefriction akuzange kubalwe ukukhwela ibhayisekile eshushu ixesha elide. Oku kuthoba umgangatho wokwenziwa komsebenzi unyaka nonyaka, kubhuqa iNPV yeprojekthi. I inkqubo yokufaka i-photovoltaic yinkcitho enkulu, kodwa umgangatho wayo uchaphazela ngqo inkcitho yokusebenza kunye nengeniso.

Kukwakho neendleko ezithambileyo zokuyila ngokutsha. Ndibandakanyeke kwi-retrofit apho inkqubo yenkxaso yokuqala yayingakwazi ukufumana iipaneli ezintsha, ezinkulu. Umzila kaloliwe wonke kunye nenkqubo yokubamba kuye kwafuneka itshintshwe ngexesha lokunika amandla kwakhona, kuphinda-phindwe kabini iindleko zolwakhiwo. Uyilo olujonge phambili, oluthathela ingqalelo iintsingiselo zetekhnoloji yephaneli kunye nokunyuka koxinzelelo lwexesha elizayo, kunexabiso elikhulu. Kumalunga noyilo lweminyaka engama-20 ezayo, hayi iiphaneli ezikhoyo namhlanje.

Ke, ukujikeleza ngasemva, Ngumlamli ongavunywanga, owenziwe ngobunjineli phakathi kwesithembiso samandla elanga kunye nefiziksi ekhohlakeleyo yehlabathi lokwenyani. Luqeqesho oludibanisa ubunjineli bolwakhiwo, inzululwazi yemathiriyeli, ikhemistri yokubola, kunye nezinto zokwakha. Ukuyilungisa kuvakalelwa kungabonakali-uluhlu luhlala nje, luvelisa amandla. Ukuyenza ingalunganga sisifundo esicothayo, esibiza imali eninzi ebhalwe ngomhlwa, uxinzelelo, kunye nokungaqhubi kakuhle. Injongo ayikokwakha ilitye lesikhumbuzo, kodwa kukudala isakhelo esomeleleyo, esinokuguquguquka, kwaye ekugqibeleni silibaleke esivumela iiphaneli ukuba zenze umsebenzi wazo amashumi eminyaka.