Ubona lesi sihloko sivela eshidini elithile noma embuzweni, futhi ngokushesha, kuba nokuhlukana. Abanye abafana abathengayo bavele babone i-zinc-plated bese becabanga ukuvikela ukugqwala, umsebenzi usuwenziwe. Abanye, labo abake baba sefekthri noma abake bafona ngo-2 AM mayelana nokubhuntsha kwesakhiwo, bayazi ukuthi lowo musho uwumgodi onogwaja ophelele. Ukuqina akulona ibhokisi lokuhlola elilodwa. Kuyiketango, futhi isixhumanisi esibuthakathaka kakhulu - kungaba yisona ezinemibala ungqimba, i intambo ye-drill ifomu, noma inqubo yokucwenga ngokwayo-izochaza konke ukusebenza. Ngibone abaningi kakhulu becabanga isikulufu sekhanda se-hex esihle esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma esiphuzi esine-a kuliwe ikhanda liqine ngokwanele okwensimbi yeshidi langaphandle ngenxa nje yokuthi lipuletiwe. Yilapho amakhanda aqala khona.

I-Illusion of the Coloured Layer

Ake siqale ngombala. Ukuguqulwa kwe-chromate ngaphezulu kwe-zinc plating ekunikeza lokho okuphuzi, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okumnyama, noma iminqumo. Akukhona nje ukubukeka; kufanele yengeze ungqimba olwenziwayo, okwandisa ukumelana nokugqwala. Kodwa nakhu okubanjwayo kokuzijwayeza: ubuqotho balolo ngqimba luyikho konke. Ichromate engasetshenziswanga kahle phezu kwe-zinc empeleni ingaba iphuzu lokuhluleka. Ngikhumbula inqwaba emnyama i-zinc-plated ama-self-drillers asetshenziswa ku-canopy yensimbi. Umbala wawuyiyunifomu, wawubukeka umuhle ngaphandle kwebhokisi. Ezinyangeni eziyisithupha, sisogwini, sabona ukugqwala okubomvu kuphuma ngaphansi kwamakhanda. Inkinga? Isendlalelo sechromate besiwugqinsi kakhulu futhi sishwabene ngenxa yokugeza okugxile kakhulu. Lapho isikulufu sishayelwa ekhaya ngalokho cross countersunk ukuhlaliswa kwekhanda, i-coating ezindaweni zokucindezeleka okuphezulu okuqhekekile. Kwangena umswakama, wangena ngaphansi kwengubo, futhi wahlasela i-zinc ngaphansi. Isenzo somhlatshelo se-zinc sonakaliswe ngoba ungqimba lwesithiyo lwehlulekile kuqala. Ngakho umbala wawunikeza umuzwa ongamanga wokulondeka. Kwakungeyona i-zinc eyahluleka ekuqaleni; kwakuyijazi layo elinemibala.

Lokhu kuhlotshaniswa ngqo nokulawulwa kwenqubo yokucwenga. Indawo efana ne-Handan Zitai Fastener Manufacturing Co., Ltd. ngaphandle e-Yongnian, isizinda sokukhiqiza izinto ezisheshayo zase-China, bazokwazi lokhu ekulaleni kwabo. Indawo yabo kuleso sizinda sezimboni ezinkulu kusho ukuthi babone zonke izimvume zokwehluleka kwe-plating nempumelelo. Ukufaneleka kokusebenza kwabo eduze kwemizila emikhulu yezokuthutha kusikisela umthamo, futhi izidlali zevolumu zingasika amakhona noma ukuvumelana okuyinhloko. Abahle balawula ukungaguquguquki. Udinga umugqa wokucwenga olawula ikhemistri yokugeza, izinga lokushisa, nesikhathi sokucwiliswa ukuze uthole isendlalelo se-chromate esinamathelayo futhi esidonsayo ngokwanele ukuze usinde ekuwohlokeni kokufakwa. Kuyimininingwane, kodwa imininingwane.

Futhi mayelana nokukhetha kombala-akuwona nje ubuhle. Kwezinye izimboni, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kungase kubonise ibanga elithile noma ukugcotshwa. Kodwa ngenxa yokuqina, i-chromate chemistry iyahluka. Ichromate ephuzi (iridescent) ivamise ukunikeza amahora wokufutha usawoti aphakeme kakhulu, mhlawumbe angu-96+ ngosuku oluhle. Okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma okumnyama kungase kube kuncane. Ngakho ukucacisa umbala akusizi. Udinga ukucacisa uhlobo lwechromate kanye namahora okuhlola alindelekile esifutho sikasawoti esimaphakathi. Uma othile evele ecela i-zinc-plated enombala, uyishiya ivulekile ukuze umphakeli amnike inketho eshibhe kakhulu, evame ukuhlala isikhathi eside kancane.

I-Drill Thread: Lapho I-Theory Ihlangana Neqiniso

Manje, the intambo ye-drill ingxenye. Lesi ukuphela kwebhizinisi. Isikulufu sokuzibhoboza esine-a kuliwe ikhanda. Ukuqina lapha akukhona nje ukugqwala; imayelana nokusebenza komshini ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Isenzo sokwenza intambo sidala ingcindezi enkulu yendawo kanye nokushisa. I-zinc plating, kanye ne-chromate phezulu, iyagundwa futhi igcotshwe phakathi nale nqubo. Uma i-plating ithambile kakhulu noma ijiyile kakhulu, ingaba nenyongo, ikhulise ithoshi yedrayivu futhi ikhumule ifomu lentambo kokubalulekile komzali. Uma incane kakhulu, insimbi yesisekelo ivezwa ngokushesha emaceleni entambo.

Lokhu ngikufunde kabuhlungu emsebenzini wokugqoka. Besisebenzisa indinganiso i-zinc-plated drill screw for 2mm steel sheets. Ikhulu lokuqala langena kahle. Ngemuva kwalokho, saqala ukuthola i-torque ephezulu yokuhlala kanye nokujikeleza kwekhanda ngezikhathi ezithile. Inkinga? Ukwakhiwa kwe-plating kumpande wentambo bekungahambisani. Ezinye izikulufu zazinokucwebezela okweqile lapho, okuguqule ukugqama kwentambo okusebenzayo futhi kubangele ukubopha. Ukuqina kokubandakanyeka kwentambo kwaba sengozini ngaphambi kokuthi isikulufu sibone imvula yaso yokuqala. Kwakungekona ukwehluleka ukugqwala; kwaba ukwehluleka kokufaka okubangelwa ukucwenga.

I-geometry yephoyinti lokubhoboza kanye nokwakheka kwentambo kubalulekile. Iphoyinti lokubhoboza elicijile, eliqine kahle lizongena ngokuhlanzekile, linciphise ukuwohloka kwezinto ezizungezile futhi ngaleyo ndlela kugcinwe ubuqotho besendlalelo esipuletiwe emicucu yesikulufu. Iphuzu elibuthuntu lizosebenza-lukhuni ishidi lensimbi, lenze ukuthunga kube nzima futhi kuhuqe ukucwenga kusikulufu. Usele nesikulufu esinemicu yensimbi engenalutho, ehlezi emgodini oqinile, ogcizelelwe. Ukugqwala kuqala lapho, kuleso sixhumi esibonakalayo esifihliwe, kudala ngaphambi kokuba ubone noma yini phezulu. Ngakho-ke, ukuqina kwentambo yokubhoboza kuwumsebenzi wokusansimbi kwesikulufu, ukwelashwa kokushisa, idizayini yephoyinti, kanye nekhono le-plating lokusinda lapho kuhuzuka ukufakwa.

I-Countersunk Head: I-Stress Concentrator

Le khasi kuliwe ukwakheka kwekhanda kuvame ukunganakwa ezingxoxweni ezihlala isikhathi eside. Abantu bagxile ochungechungeni. Kodwa lelo khanda eliyindilinga, lapho lihlezi lishibilika, lingaphansi komthwalo omkhulu wokubopha kanye nengcindezi eqinile. Ukuguquka kusuka ekhanda kuya ku-shank kuyindawo ebalulekile yokucindezeleka. Noma yikuphi ukukhishwa kwe-hydrogen kusukela kunqubo yokucwenga (ingozi evamile nge-zinc electroplated) izobonakala lapha njengokuqhekeka okubambezelekile. Ngike ngabona izikulufo zihlwitha ekhanda ngesikhathi sokufakwa noma, okubi nakakhulu, ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemva kwalokho, ngenxa yalokhu.

Ukubhaka okulungile kokukhululeka kwe-hydrogen embrittlement akuxoxiswana ngayo kumamaki anamandla aphezulu (njengalawo asetshenziselwa ukuzimba). Akuwona wonke amapuleti akwenza, noma akwenze ngokwanele. Inkampani enedumela lokuxhasa, esebenza ngezinga ukusuka kusisekelo esikhulu njengalesi Ama-zitai fasteners isebenza kusuka, ngokuvamile lokhu kuzobhakwa kunqubo yabo (i-pun ehloselwe) yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezibucayi. Iphrofayili yenkampani yabo ekhuluma ngesisekelo esikhulu kunazo zonke sokukhiqiza ingxenye ayiyona nje i-fluff; kusho ukufinyelela kungqalasizinda yokwelashwa okuyisipesheli kwangemuva kokucwetshwa isitolo esincane esingaseqa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlala kwekhanda elishisiwe kungalimaza ungqimba lwe-chromate. Uma indawo yokukhwelana eshidini lensimbi inama-burrs noma ingasicaba kahle, ikhanda liyanyakaza lapho liqiniswa okokugcina, likhuhla ibhande elivikelayo. Lokhu kudala indawo ephelele ye-anode-cathode yokugqwala kwe-galvanic. Ngokuvamile ubona iringi yokuqala yokugqwala ezungeze umjikelezo wekhanda. Ukusebenzisa i-washer ngaphansi kwekhanda kungasiza, kodwa kushintsha umklamo. Umbuzo wokuqina kufanele ucabangele ukuxhumana phakathi kwekhanda elicwebile kanye nokokusebenza eliqhutshelwa kukho.

Umdanso Wemvelo kanye Nezindlela Zokuhluleka Kwezwe Langempela

Ukuqina akusho lutho ngaphandle kwendawo. Ngasendlini, yomile? Cishe noma yikuphi I-zinc-plated enemibala i-fastener izohlala amashumi eminyaka. Kodwa engeza umswakama, ama-chloride (usawoti wasogwini noma we-de-icing), noma amakhemikhali ezimboni, futhi indaba iyashintsha. Imodi yokuhluleka yakudala yalezi zinhlelo zokusebenza zangaphandle ukugqwala okumhlophe—i-zinc oxide ne-hydroxide—eqhakaza ezikhaleni, elandelwa ukugqwala okubomvu. Intambo yokubhoboza, ishumekiwe, ivamise ukugqwala ngoba ihlukanisiwe. Ukuhlasela kokuqala kuvame ukuba ku-shank eveziwe noma ngaphansi kwekhanda lapho amachibi okujiya khona.

Sihlole iqoqo lephrojekthi ye-facade enomoya. Isikulufu esifanayo, amakhromethi amathathu ahlukene: eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, emnyama, ephuzi. Ngemva konyaka endaweni yasemadolobheni eyi-semi-industrial, eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zabonisa ukugqwala okumhlophe okuphawulekayo emakhanda. Ezimnyama zazinokugqwala okubomvu okunamabala. Eziphuzi zazilungile kakhulu, zifiphele nje. I intambo ye-drill izigaba, lapho zikhishwa, zaxoxa enye indaba. Eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nezimnyama zazinokugqwala okukhulu kwentambo lapho intambo yayivela ngemuva kweshidi (uhlangothi olumanzi). Eziphuzi zibonise ukulahlekelwa kwe-zinc okuncane kuphela. Ikhwalithi ye-chromate ibingumhlukanisi.

Kulapho isiphambano esihlokweni sakho singangena khona—uhlobo lokushayela (Phillips, Pozi, njll.). Ibhithi lomshayeli eligugile noma elingafaniswanga lingaphuma, kulimaze ikhefu lokushayela. Ikhefu elilimele lifaka engozini ukufakwa, okungaholela ezihlalweni ezingafanele (ezithinta ukugqwala sealing) noma isidingo sokususa/ukushintsha isibopheli, esicekela phansi isendlalelo esipuletiwe. Ngakho-ke, ukuqina kokufakwa ngokwakho, okuthinta ukuqina kwesikhathi eside, kuboshwe kuleso sici sedrayivu. Konke kuxhunyiwe.

Synthesis kanye Pragmatic Ukucaciswa

Ngakho, buyela embuzweni wokuqala. Ukuqina kwe-a Umbala we-zinc-plated cross coutersunk drip intambo iyimpahla yezinhlelo. Awukwazi ukuhlukanisa ingxenye eyodwa. Iphoyinti lokubhoboza elihle lehliswa yi-brittle chromate. Ichromate ephelele yehliswa ishank eline-hydrogen-embrittled. Okuhle kakhulu konke kuyehliswa ngokusetshenziswa endaweni engafanele.

Lapho ucacisa noma uthenga, udinga ukubhoboza phansi (futhi, i-pun ihlosiwe). Ungamane uthi i-zinc-plated. Cacisa ubukhulu be-plating (isb., 8-12μm), uhlobo lwe-chromate (isb., oluphuzi oluyi-hexavalent, i-trivalent eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, emnyama), kanye nomphumela wokuhlolwa kwesifutho sikasawoti esidingekayo ezingeni elifana ne-ASTM B117. Cacisa ibanga lezinto eziyisisekelo (isb., 1022 steel) nobulukhuni bephoyinti lokubhoboza. Yisho ukubhaka kokusiza kwe-hydrogen embrittlement uma kuyibanga lamandla aphezulu. Cabangela indawo yohlelo lokusebenza futhi mhlawumbe ukhuphukele embotsheni eqine kakhulu njengokucwecwa ngomshini noma ifilimu elincanyana elinamathelayo phezu kwezinki uma kudingeka.

Izindawo ezihlala futhi eziphefumulayo zokubopha, njengamaqoqo ezimboni e-Hebei ezizungeze izinkampani ezifana ne-Zitai, ziyawaqonda lawa ma-nuances ngoba amakhasimende azo ajikijela zonke izicelo kuwo. Ukuba seduze kwabo nezixhumanisi ezinkulu zezokuthutha kusho ukuthi bathumela ngomkhumbi ezindaweni ezihlukene zezulu nezimboni, okuphoqa isisekelo solwazi esisebenzayo, esixazulula izinkinga. Impendulo yokuqina, ekugcineni, ayikho eshidini ledatha. Kukulokho okuqoqiwe, kwesinye isikhathi okubuhlungu, okwenzekayo kokuthi yini ehlulekayo, nini, futhi ngani. Futhi okuthathwayo yilokhu: phatha wonke amatemu kuleso sihloko eside njengokuguquguquka okudinga ukuchazwa, hhayi njengesiqinisekiso.