Yintoni unyawo oluneempawu ezisi-7? 

Uva amagama aneempawu ezisi-7 ephoswa ngapha nangapha kwi-fastener specs okanye amanqaku obunjineli amadala, kwaye ngokunyaniseka, amehlo abantu abaninzi abengezela. Kuvakala ngathi ikhowudi ethile ye-arcane. Kumgca wam womsebenzi-ojongene noqhagamshelo lolwakhiwo, iibholiti zeankile, kunye neepleyiti zesiseko ezinzima-ayisiyokhowudi, kodwa yindlela ethile, phantse yesikolo esidala yokuchaza ibholt. ubunzulu bokuzinzisa. Ukubhideka kudla ngokuqala kuba abantu bacinga ukuba imalunga nebholiti yomzimba enamagama asixhenxe agximfizwe kuyo. Ayiyo. Lulwimi olucacisiweyo, isishwankathelo. Ngokusisiseko, ibhekisa kubude obufunekayo bebholithi ekufuneka ingcwatywe kwikhonkrithi ukuze iphuhlise amandla ayo apheleleyo, kwaye inxalenye yeempawu ezisi-7 yifomathi yokuhambisa loo mlinganiso kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ezinye iimpawu kumtya oqinileyo woonobumba kunye namanani. Ndiyibonile le nto isiza kakhulu kwimizobo yeprojekthi yelifa okanye xa ndisebenza nofakelo lwezixhobo ezithile zoshishino ukusuka ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane yama-20.

I-Anatomy ye-7-Character String

Makhe sichaze ukuba aba balinganiswa basixhenxe bamele ntoni. Ayisiyo yonke indawo, kodwa ipateni eqhelekileyo endiye ndadibana nayo yinto efana ne 'L45x300'. Ngabo abalinganiswa abathandathu, unokuthi. Yongeza isimaphambili okanye isimamva unobumba wohlobo lomsonto okanye ugqibezele, kwaye ubethe isixhenxe. U-‘L’ usenokubonisa uhlobo oluthile lwebholithi (efana ne-J-bolt okanye i-L-bolt yokufakela). I-'45' inokuba yi-diameter kwiimilimitha, kwaye '300' i ubunzulu bokuzinzisa. Enye ifomathi ingaba yi-'M36-400', apho 'M' yintambo ye-metric, '36' yi-diameter, kwaye '400' yi-embedment. Isitshixo bubunzulu-i-300mm okanye i-400mm-leyo yimilinganiselo ebalulekileyo yonyawo. Yinxalenye eqinisekisa ukuba i-bolt ayikhuphi nje phantsi komthwalo. Ndikhumbula iprojekthi ye-retrofit apho i-specs yokuqala ye-1980s yayibiza iibholithi zeenyawo ezi-7, i-spec: H-B 5/8×24. Kusithathe usuku ukucacisa ukuba i-H-B inokuba luchungechunge lomenzi, 5/8 ubukhulu, kunye ne-intshi ezingama-24 zokuzinzisa. Abalinganiswa abasi-7 babeyinkcazo ebanzi yolo didi lwengcaciso.

Kutheni le fomati? Uyilo lwangaphambili lwedijithali. Yayiyindlela edibeneyo yokupakisha ulwazi olubalulekileyo kwindawo encinci kwishedyuli yomzobo. Awukwazanga ukubhala umhlathi. Ubufuna umtya onokuthi umenzi onamava okanye umphathi wendawo anokuthi krwaqu aze awuqonde. Ingxaki namhlanje kukuba ulwazi luyaphela. Iinjineli ezincinci ziyayibona kwaye kufuneka zihambe zigrumba iimanyuwali eziphelelwe lixesha. Ndibe ngulaa mfo efowunini echazela ikontraka ebhidekileyo amaxesha amaninzi kunokuba ndikwazi ukubala.

Intsingiselo esebenzayo imalunga nokugqithiselwa komthwalo. Obo bude obudibeneyo bubalwa ngokusekelwe kumandla oxinzelelo lwekhonkrithi kunye namandla okuvelisa i-bolt ukuqinisekisa ibhondi efanelekileyo. Ifutshane kakhulu, kwaye ubeka umngcipheko wokungaphumeleli kwintlekele yokukhupha. Ndihlala ndibonisa ezi nkcukacha zakudala ezineekhowudi zoyilo lwe-ankile yanamhlanje, njenge-ACI 318 iSihlomelo D okanye imilinganiselo yayo, ukuqinisekisa ukufaneleka. Ngamanye amaxesha i-specs yakudala yayinokugcinwa ngokugqithisileyo; ngamanye amaxesha, ngokuxhalabileyo, babesemdeni.

Usetyenziso lwehlabathi lokwenyani kunye neMigibe eqhelekileyo

Uzibona phi ngokwenene ezi? Izibonelelo zokuvelisa amandla amadala, iziseko zempompo koomatshini abakhulu bemizi-mveliso, kunye nezakhiwo zenkxaso kubahambisi abakhulu. Imeko yesiza ihlala ngowona mqobo mkhulu. Ufumana umzobo obiza a Iinyawo ezi-7 ibholiti ene-400mm yokuzinzisa. Ubonisa, kwaye isiseko sekhonkrithi esikhoyo sinobunzima obuyi-500mm kuphela. Awukwazi ukushumeka i-400mm ngaphandle kokuvuthela ezantsi. Ngoku kuthweni? Umyili wokuqala unokuba wayecingele ibhloko enkulu yekhonkrithi. Kulapho irabha idibana khona nendlela. Mhlawumbi kufuneka uphinde uhlengahlengise ibhloko yesiseko (indleko, ichitha ixesha) okanye ufumane enye inkqubo ye-anchoring, njengezikhonkwane zokuncamathela ezifakwe emva kokufakwa okanye i-anchors ezinqamlekileyo, ezinokufikelela umthamo ofanayo kunye ne-embedment emfutshane. Kodwa oko kufuna ukubalwa kwakhona kolwakhiwo olupheleleyo.

Omnye umgibe kukukhusela umhlwa. Uninzi lwezi nkcazo zakudala yayizezibholithi zentsimbi zekhabhoni. Kwisityalo sekhemikhali okanye kwindawo yokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka, loo bholiti, engcwatywe kwikhonkrithi, inokonakala ngaphakathi. Bendikuphando lwasenkundleni apho ukusilela bekungabangelwanga kubude bokuzinzisa kodwa ngenxa yokulahleka kwecandelo kumhlwa kujongano lwekhonkrithi. Ngoku, xa ndibona i-spec ye-7-character, omnye wemibuzo yam yokuqala malunga nokusingqongileyo. Ngaba ifanele ingabi nabala? Ngaba kufuneka kubekho isambatho sokukhusela? Inkcazo yokuqala ihlala ithule kule nto.

Ukukhangela yintloko yayo. Awungekhe ungene nje kwivenkile yokudibanisa esemgangathweni kwaye ucele ibhawuthi yeenyawo ezisi-7. Kufuneka uguqulele i-spec kumagama anamhlanje, athengekayo: ibakala lemathiriyeli (umzekelo, i-ASTM A307, A193 B7), i-diameter, i-thread pitch, kunye nobude obupheleleyo (ubunzulu bofakelo kunye nobude bomsonto obuveziweyo). Kulapho ukuba nomvelisi othembekileyo yigolide. Inkampani efana I-Sunnian Zitai Festener Fishaner Comment Com., esekelwe kwi-hub enkulu yemveliso ye-fastener yase-China e-Yongnian, e-Hebei, ihlala inamandla okuvelisa ezi zinto zingekho kumgangatho, izinto ezinzima ukuya kwiinkcukacha ezichanekileyo. Indawo ezikuyo kufutshane noqhakamshelwano lwezothutho olukhulu iyasebenza kulungiselelo, kodwa elona xabiso likwinkxaso yabo yobunjineli ukutolika ezi mfuno zelifa kwimveliso enokwenziwa.

Imeko kwindawo: I-Retrofit ihambe kakubi

Ndiza kwabelana ngemeko emfutshane engeyiyo intlekele kodwa ilahlekile ebiza ixesha kunye nemali. Besifaka icompressor entsha kwipadi esele ikhona kwindawo yokucokisa endala. Imizobo, ikopi yekopi, ekhankanyiweyo iAnchor Bolts (7-char footing): 4 req’d, bona iinkcukacha 5/B. Iinkcukacha ze-5 / B zaphelelwa kodwa zabonisa into efana ne-D32-550. Siyitolike njenge-32mm ububanzi, 550mm embedment. Isiseko sasingqindilili ngokwaneleyo, ngoko sazithenga iibholithi—ngomthengiseli wasekuhlaleni owafumana ikontraka engaphantsi kokwenziwa koyilo. Iibholiti zafika, sazibeka kwi template, sagalela i-grout. Ngexesha letorque-up yokugqibela, enye yeebholithi yaqalisa ukujikeleza. Ibitsalile. Samisa yonke into.

Emva kophando olunzulu, sayibona impazamo yethu. Kwintsomi encinci yomzobo, i-D ayizange imele ububanzi; Imele uhlobo lweankile yebha ekhubazekileyo evela kumenzi ongasebenziyo waseJamani. I-32 yayiyi-diameter, kodwa i-550 yayibubude obupheleleyo, kungekhona ubunzulu bokuzinzisa. Ukuzinzisa kuye kwaphawulwa kwenye indawo njenge-400mm. Ibholithi yethu yayinepateni yokuguqulwa engalunganga ecaleni kwe-shank ye-550mm epheleleyo, okuthetha ukuba amandla ebhondi ayengaphantsi kakhulu kunokufuneka. Kwafuneka sikhuphe i-grout, sisuse iibholiti, kwaye siqale phantsi. Sifunda ntoni? I-specc yeempawu ezisi-7 yayingumkhondo, kodwa asizange sembe nzulu ngokwaneleyo kumaxwebhu axhasayo akhoyo. Sacinga ukuba ifomathi ikwindawo yonke. Kwakungekho.

Yiyo loo nto ngoku ndithatha nayiphi na into enjalo njengendawo yokuqala yomsebenzi womcuphi. Ifuna uphononongo lwemigangatho yembali yeprojekthi epheleleyo, inkcazo yemathiriyeli ukusuka kwixesha, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ide ifikelele kwiinjineli ezidla umhlala-phantsi ukuba iprojekthi ibaluleke ngokwaneleyo.

IziLinganiso zale mihla kunye nokuKhabazekayo

Ngoko ke, ngumba othi a Iinyawo ezi-7 iphelelwe lixesha? Kakhulu, ewe, ngokwesigama esikhethekileyo. Isoftware yobunjineli yanamhlanje kunye ne-BIM (iModeli yoLwazi loKwakha) imifuziselo elungisiweyo (akukho pun ijongwayo) yonke le datha ngokweparametric. I-anchor bolt kwimodeli ye-Revit ineepropati ezininzi eziqhotyoshelwe kuyo: ububanzi, ubude, ukufakwa, izinto eziphathekayo, amandla okugqibela, ukuxhathisa ukubola, i-torque yokufakela. Isidingo somtya ofihlakeleyo onamagama asixhenxe siphelile.

Noko ke, lo mgaqo awuphelelwa lixesha. Ukuchaza ubunzulu obucacileyo, obungacacanga bokuzinzisa kubaluleke kakhulu kunangaphambili. Senza nje ngokwahlukileyo. Umzekelo wale mihla unokuthi: I-Anchor Bolt: I-ASTM F1554 iBanga le-105, i-1-1/4 idayamitha, intloko ye-hex, kunye ne-36 encinci yokuhlonyelwa kwikhonkrithi, f'c=4000 psi. Oko kuninzi abalinganiswa, kodwa kucacile. Ilifa lenkqubo yoonobumba abasi-7 sisikhumbuzo sokuba sichaneke kwaye siphelele. Kunyanzelise uqeqesho olucacileyo ukuba mhlawumbi siphulukene nalo, kodwa siye safumana ukucaca.

Kubavelisi kunye nababoneleli namhlanje, uguqulelo lungundoqo. Xa ndifumana umzobo omdala, ndenza icwecwe elisikiwe elicacileyo elihluba ijagoni. Ndiyakwazi ukubhala: Kwinto ephawulwe 'L45x300' kumzobo we-A-101, unikeze i-4x iibholiti ze-anchor, izinto eziphathekayo: i-304 Steel Stainless, ububanzi: 45mm, ubude bomsonto bube yi-700mm kunye ne-300mm ye-shank ecocekileyo yokufakela, intambo kwi-ISO metric pitch coarse. Ndiyithumela ke loo nto kumvelisi ofana neZitai Fastener ukucaphula. Ukucaca kuthintela iimpazamo ezibizayo. Iqela labo, eliqhelene nayo yomibini imigangatho emidala kunye nemitsha, linokuhlala lisebenza kuloo nto ngaphandle komcimbi.

Isiphelo: Kumalunga nobunzulu, hayi iJargon

Ekupheleni kosuku, ukunyathela kwabantu abasi-7 sisiqwenga sejagoni yobugcisa bembali. Ukuba ukhumbula into enye, mayibe yile: undoqo wegama ukhomba kwizinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ubunzulu bokuzinzisa ye-fastener kwikhonkrithi. Lumfanekiso wexesha lonxibelelwano lobunjineli. Namhlanje, sinezixhobo ezingcono kunye nemigangatho ecacileyo, kodwa umngeni osisiseko uhlala ufana: ukuqinisekisa ukuba into yentsimbi ibotshelelwe ngokukhuselekileyo kwikhonkrithi ukuthwala umthwalo. Isigama siyaphela, izibalo ziya ziphucuka ngakumbi, kodwa imfuno yoqwalaselo olungqongqo kwiinkcukacha kumzobo wevenkile nakwindawo yomsebenzi ayitshintshi. Sukuxhonywa ekuchazeni amagama asixhenxe; kugxilwe ekuqinisekiseni umendo womthwalo ebebenzelwe ukuqinisekisa. Le yeyona nto ithathwayo yokwenyani ukusuka kumashumi amabini eminyaka yokubona ezi zinto endle, ukusuka kwimizobo ecwengileyo ukuya kwimizobo yentsimi enegrisi.