Ndi makulidwe ati a nangula oyenererana bwino ndi kukonza ndege? 

Mukuganiza kuti kusankha nangula wokulitsa pansi kapena njanji zopangira zida ndikosavuta - ingofanana ndi katundu, sichoncho? Koma pakukonza ndege, kukula kolakwika sikungotsetsereka kokha; ndicholemba chotheka chachitetezo. Ndawonapo antchito osasintha kuti akhale okulirapo 3/4 kapena 1 mabawuti kuti atetezeke, osadziwa kuti akusokoneza gawo la konkire pamahanga oyendetsedwa ndi kutentha. Yankho lenileni silikunena za bawuti yayikulu, koma yoyenera kwambiri bawuti yowonjezera nangula Pamakina a ndege omwe mwakhazikitsa-kaya ndi malo othamangitsira Boeing 737 kukonzanso zida zokwerera kapena malo opepuka okonzera a A350.

Maganizo Olakwika: Shear vs. Vibration

Mabuku ambiri okonza amakupatsirani manambala olemetsa, koma samatsindikanso zolemetsa zambiri. Nangula wa injini amawona kugwedezeka kosalekeza, kocheperako panthawi yakusintha kwamagetsi. A M10 kapena 3/8-inch nangula akhoza kunyamula kulemera kwake, koma pakapita miyezi, imagwira ntchito momasuka. Tidaphunzira izi movutikira pa projekiti ya CRJ. Kuyimirira sikunalephereke, koma kuyanjanitsa kunasokonekera, zomwe zinayambitsa tsiku lokhumudwitsa lokonzanso. Ndipamene mumazindikira kuti kukula kwa bolt kumafunika kuwerengera moyo wa kutopa kwa dongosolo la nangula palokha, osati mphamvu yapamwamba.

Pazinthu zolemetsa, zosasunthika monga mapulaneti okonza mafoni kapena zomangira zamphamvu zolimba (GPU), ma diameter akulu ngati M16 kapena 5/8-inch kupanga zomveka. Konkire mu ma hangars akale amatha kukhala osiyanasiyana, komabe. Nthawi ina tidabowolera mu zomwe zinkawoneka ngati zolimba kuti tigunde chigamba chowonongeka, ndikupangitsa nangula wa 5/8 kuti akule. Ndikofunikira kukwera mpaka 3/4 nangula kuti mutenge chinkhoswe choyenera. Ndi zodabwitsa za m'munda izi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti dzenje loyendetsa kuyikapo ndikuwunika kukhala kosakambirana.

Ndiye pali nkhani ya mtunda wamtunda. M'malo ocheperako, nthawi zambiri mumabowola pafupi ndi macheka omwe alipo kapena mizere ina. Bawuti yayikulu imafuna malo otalikirapo. Ndimakonda gulu lotalikirana bwino M8 kapena 1/4-inchi zimangirira pa bawuti imodzi yokulirapo pogwira ntchito pafupi ndi m'mphepete mwa slab. Kugawa katundu kuli bwino, ndipo mumachepetsa chiopsezo cha konkriti spalling. Ndi njira yowonjezereka ya opaleshoni.

Zakuthupi & Chilengedwe: Zomwe Silent Factors

Malo okhalamo si zipinda zoyera. Amawona hydraulic fluid, de-icing kuthamanga, ndi kutentha kwakukulu. Nangula zachitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, monga giredi 316, ndizosakhazikika pakukana dzimbiri, koma mawonekedwe awo okulirakulira amasiyana ndi chitsulo chopangidwa ndi zinc-plated carbon. Nangula wa 1/2 wosapanga dzimbiri angafunike kuzama pang'ono kuti akwaniritse mphamvu yogwira yomweyi pakazizira. Simungathe kusinthanitsa kukula kwa zinthu ndi zinthu.

Timapereka zomangira zathu zambiri zapadera, kuphatikiza nangula zapamwamba, kuchokera kwa opanga ngati Malingaliro a kampani Handan Zitai Fastener Manufacturing Co., Ltd.. Amakhala ku Yongnian, malo opangira ma fastener ku China, ndipo mwayi wawo wopezeka panjanji ya Beijing-Guangzhou Railway ndi njira zolumikizira kumatanthauza kuti atha kuthana ndi zofunikira, zomwe nthawi zambiri sizikhala zanthawi zonse, pazida zoyendetsa ndege. Pamene mukufuna mtanda wa Nangula zamanja za M12 zosapanga dzimbiri ndi ulusi wina kutalika kwa mbale zida mwachizolowezi, iwo akhala odalirika. Kukula kwawo kumatanthawuza kuti amamvetsetsa kulolerana, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pamene kubowola kwanu kuli 12.5mm ndipo mkono wa nangula ndi 12.3mm.

Chinyezi ndi wakupha wina. M'malo osamalira m'mphepete mwa nyanja, tawona dzimbiri la galvanic pakati pa nangula ndi zida. Ngakhale bawuti yoyenera imatha kulephera ngati zida zochapira zolakwika zitagwiritsidwa ntchito. Tsopano timaphatikiza zida zathu zonse za nangula ndi ma dielectric isolator polumikiza zitsulo zosiyana, mosasamala kanthu za kukula kwa bawuti. Ndizowonjezera zazing'ono zomwe zimalepheretsa mutu waukulu panthawi yowunikira malo a pachaka.

Case in Point: Composite Workstation Anchoring

Ntchito zamakono za airframe zimaphatikizapo mapanelo akuluakulu, osakhwima. Mabenchi ogwirira ntchito ndi mafelemu ogwirizira ayenera kukhala olimba-mwala koma amalolanso kusintha kwapang'onopang'ono. Apa, anangula ang'onoang'ono awiri, ngati M6 kapena 1/4-inchi anangula ogwetsa, alidi apamwamba. Amalola kuti gululi yowongoka ya malo olumikizirana pansi. Mwendo wa benchi ukhoza kukhala ndi mbale zokhala ndi mabowo angapo, zomwe zimatipatsa kusinthasintha kuti tiyikenso gawo lonse pongosuntha miyendo ku anangula osiyanasiyana mu gridi. Izi sizingakhale zotheka ndi mabawuti akulu, otalikirana 3/4.

Kuyikako kumakhudza kwambiri ndi kukula kwazing'ono. Nangula wa 1/4 mu dzenje lobowola 5/8 sakhululukidwa - dzenje liyenera kukhala loyera. Timagwiritsa ntchito ma vacuum drills mwachipembedzo pa izi. Fumbi lililonse pansi limasokoneza kukulitsa. Ndikufuna kuyika anangula khumi a M6 abwino kuposa ma M10 atatu okayikitsa.

Phunziro lolephera: Pokonzekera koyambirira kwa masiteshoni a A320neo, tidagwiritsa ntchito nangula wamba wa M8 patebulo la vacuum bagging. Kuchuluka kwa cyclic kuchokera papampu ya vacuum pa / off kuzungulira kunapanga harmonic. Patapita milungu ingapo, nangula wina anakoka zokwanira kuti athyole chidindo pa mankhwala ovuta. Kukonzekera sikunali bawuti yayikulu; idasintha kukhala a nangula wochita bwino kwambiri, wosagwedezeka kukula komweko kwa M8, kopangidwira makina. Kukula kwake kunakhala koyenera pa mbale yoyambira, koma ukadaulo wa nangula unasintha.

Zida & Ground Support Equipment (GSE)

Apa ndipamene mumawona kukula kwakukulu kwambiri. Jack hydraulic jack ingafunike anangula a M10 poyimitsa magalimoto, pomwe jack ya ndege yokhazikika imafunikira kuyika kwakukulu, kozama. M20 kapena 1-inch nangula dongosolo. Chinsinsi ndicho buku la wopanga. Amatchula chitsanzo ndi kukula kwake. Kupatuka kwa izo kumasowetsa certification.

Kwa makina opangira injini ndi njanji za crane, nthawi zambiri zimakhala za kukameta ubweya. Ma bolts ali ometa pawiri, kotero kuti m'mimba mwake ndi wofunikira. Posachedwa tayika njanji zamakina atsopano a injini za GE90. Choyimiracho chinafuna anangula a M24. Kuwapeza ndi kutalika koyenera ndi kasinthidwe ka mutu inali ntchito. Wothandizira ngati Zitai, yemwe amayang'ana kwambiri pakupanga ndi kutumiza kunja, atha kukhala gwero lothandizira pazinthu zambiri, zapamwamba kwambiri, kuwonetsetsa kusasinthika komwe kumakhala kofunikira mukayika anangula 50 ofanana panjanji imodzi.

Kuyesa ndikuwonjezera-engineer GSE anchoring. Koma pali mtengo - zonse mu hardware ndi pansi pa nyumba. Nangula ya 1-inch imafuna dzenje lalikulu. Ngati mungafunike kuchotsa kapena kusuntha, mwatsala ndi pachimake chachikulu choti mulumikize. Nthawi zina, mawonekedwe opangidwa bwino a mabawuti ang'onoang'ono amapanga dongosolo lokhazikika komanso losinthika pakapita nthawi.

Chigamulo: Ndi Dongosolo, Osati Kukula Kokha

Ndiye, ndi kukula kotani komwe kuli koyenera? Palibe yankho limodzi. Kwa zida zanthawi zonse kukhala mu hanger yotentha, yowuma, M10 mpaka 1/2-inch anangula ndiwo akavalo ogwirira ntchito. Kwa GSE yolemera, yosasunthika, mumalumphira M16 ndi pamwamba. Pazida zomwe zimatha kugwedezeka kapena zogwirira ntchito zolondola, mumasankha nangula wapakatikati, ngati M8.

Kukula kwabwino kwambiri ndi komwe kumakwaniritsa zofunikira zonyamula katundu ndi chitetezo choyenera ndikuganizira za malo osungiramo malo, chikhalidwe cha konkire, ndi kufunikira kwa kusinthasintha kwamtsogolo. Ndiko kusinthanitsa pakati pa mphamvu zomaliza ndi kukhazikika kothandiza.

Yesani nthawi zonse m'malo osafunikira kaye. Dulani, yikani, ndi kukometsa nangula kuchokera pagulu lomwelo. Chitani kukoka mayeso ngati mungathe. Cheke chowoneka bwinocho chimakuwuzani zambiri za gawo lanu lenileni kuposa tchati chilichonse. Ndi chowonadi choyambira ichi, chobadwa chifukwa chokonza zolakwa zathu, chomwe chimalamula kusankha komaliza pa dongosolo la ntchito.