
Mumamva 'choyimitsidwa chamtengo wapatali' ndipo anthu ambiri, ngakhale ena ogulitsa, nthawi yomweyo amajambula J-bolt yosavuta kapena ndodo yolendewera padenga la konkire. Ndilo lingaliro lolakwika loyamba. Si gawo lopachikidwa lokha; Ndilo dongosolo lonse-mgwirizano pakati pa chomangira, chitsulo, choyikapo, ndi katundu wosunthika pakapita nthawi. Chovuta chenicheni sichikuchirikiza lero; ikuwonetsetsa kuti sichikhala cholakwa pazaka zisanu chifukwa cha kugwedezeka, dzimbiri, kapena kutopa kwambiri. Ndawonapo mafotokozedwe omwe amayitanitsa nangula wamankhwala wa M20 wa thireyi ya chingwe chopepuka, yomwe imakhala yochulukirapo, ndi ena omwe amayesa kugwiritsa ntchito nangula mu konkire yosweka pagawo lovuta la HVAC, lomwe likungofunsa vuto. Kusankha ndi chirichonse.
Tiyeni tiwononge ntchito. Ntchito yaikulu ya chomangira mtengo ndi kusamutsa katundu kuchokera pa chinthu choyimitsidwa - kaya chitoliro, njira, chitsulo chachiwiri, kapenanso denga labodza - kubwerera kumalo oyambirira. The kulephera mfundo kawirikawiri chomangira palokha akudula; nthawi zambiri zimakhala pa mawonekedwe. Kutulutsa konkriti, kusweka mozungulira malo omangira, kapena kumasula chifukwa cha kugwedezeka. Ndikukumbukira pulojekiti yomwe tidagwiritsa ntchito anangula wokhazikika pamakina othandizira othandizira. Adapambana mayeso oyambira, koma m'miyezi isanu ndi umodzi atagwira ntchito, kugwedezeka kosalekeza, kocheperako kudapangitsa theka la iwo kumasuka. Kukonzaku kunali kutseka kokwera mtengo komanso kusinthira ku kachitidwe koyenera kwambiri kosamva kugwedezeka.
Kugwirizana kwazinthu ndi wakupha wina mwakachetechete. Mu retrofit chomera chamankhwala, tidayimitsa mtengo wothandizira chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Choyimiracho chimafuna anangula osapanga dzimbiri, koma silabu ya konkire inali ndi chloride wochuluka kuyambira zaka zambiri. Tinamaliza ndi dzimbiri la galvanic pa mawonekedwe a ulusi, kusokoneza kwambiri katundu woletsa. Kodi tikuphunzirapo chiyani? Chomangiracho chiyenera kusankhidwira chilengedwe, osati kungotengera mtengo. Nthawi zina, nangula wachitsulo choviika chotenthetsera mumkono wodzipatula amakhala wanzeru kuposa wosapanga dzimbiri wamtengo wapatali wokhala molunjika mu konkire yaukali.
Ndiye pali nkhani ya kupeza ndi unsembe. Aliyense amajambula chomangira chaching'ono bwino pa dongosolo. Patsambali, mupeza ukonde wandiweyani wa rebar pomwe muyenera kubowola. Simungangoyisintha 10 cm popanda kukhudza mawonekedwe onse oyambira pansi. Apa ndipamene kusinthasintha kwadongosolo la fastener kumalipira. Kukhala ndi mapangidwe omwe amalola kusintha kwina mu bulaketi kapena kugwiritsa ntchito kanjira ngati malo oyamba oyambira, komwe mutha kupachika matabwa m'malo osiyanasiyana, kumapulumutsa maola ambiri amunthu ndi mutu. Sizongoyerekeza; ndiye mphesa zatsiku ndi tsiku.
Kuyendera msika wazinthu ndi ntchito yakeyake. Muli ndi mitundu yayikulu yaku Europe ndi America yomwe ikukankhira makina awo opangidwa, omwe ndi abwino kwambiri koma amabwera ndi mtengo womwe ungathe kuwomba bajeti pantchito yayikulu yamafakitale. Ndiye muli ndi malo opangirako komweko, omwe nthawi zambiri amawachepetsa. Tengani malo ngati Chigawo cha Yongnian ku Handan. Ndilo maziko opangira magawo ambiri ku China. Kampani yomwe ikugwira ntchito kumeneko, monga Malingaliro a kampani Handan Zitai Fastener Manufacturing Co., Ltd., limakhala pakatikati pa chilengedwe chimenecho. Malo awo, moyandikana ndi njanji zazikulu ndi misewu, si mzere chabe patsamba (https://www.zitaifasteners.com); imatanthawuza kuti magwiridwe antchito amaoda ambiri. Pakugwiritsa ntchito mitengo yoyimitsidwa yokhazikika - lingalirani zomanga zamalonda za MEP zothandizira, zomangamanga zosafunikira - kupezerapo kuchokera kumalo opangira apadera otere kumatha kukhala mtengo wabwino, kuchuluka kwake, komanso mtundu wokhazikika.
Komabe, pragmatism imafuna kutsimikizira. Kuyitanitsa gulu la zomangira mtengo kuchokera kwa ogulitsa aliyense, kwanuko kapena kumayiko ena, zikutanthauza kuti muyenera kukhala ndi protocol yanu ya QA. Sizokhudza kusakhulupirira, koma za khama la akatswiri. Titha kuyesa magulu a zitsanzo kuti aone ngati ali olondola, makulidwe ake ngati ali ndi malata, komanso kulimba mtima komaliza. Ndikukumbukira kutumizidwa komwe ulusi ulusi udatsitsidwa pang'onopang'ono pagulu la ndodo zonse zomangira zitsulo. Sizinali kuwoneka m'maso, koma zidapangitsa kuti pakhale ulusi wodutsa panthawi yoyika, kuwononga mtedza ndikuchedwetsa ntchito. Woperekayo anakonza, koma kuchedwa kunali kwathu kuti titenge.
Chofunikira ndikufanizira zomwe zili muzofunikira za pulogalamuyo. Pamalo a chivomezi kapena makina ogwedera olemera, mufunika makina ovomerezeka, otsatiridwa omwe ali ndi zambiri zofalitsidwa. Poyimitsa maukonde a makwerero a chingwe chopepuka m'nyumba yamaofesi, njira yodalirika, yotsika mtengo yochokera kwa wopanga ma voliyumu ngati omwe ali m'chigawo cha Yongnian/Handan nthawi zambiri ndiye chisankho chanzeru. Ndi za kugawa chiwopsezo cha polojekiti ndi bajeti moyenera pazigawo zambiri zolumikizira.
Apa ndi pamene mapulani nthawi zambiri amasokonekera. Kumvetsetsa kwa ogwira ntchito ndikofunikira kwambiri. Mphamvu ya nangula wa mankhwala imadalira kuyeretsa mabowo moyenera. Ngati sagwiritsa ntchito burashi, tulutsani fumbi, ndikubwereza, zomangira za utomoni ku fumbi, osati konkire. Kulephera kwa katundu kungakhale theka la zomwe zikuyembekezeredwa. Ndakhala ndi chizoloŵezi choyang'ana malo osadziŵika, kutulutsa wrench ya torque kapena ngakhale choyezera chapampopi chosavuta kuti muwone ngati pali phokoso lopanda phokoso poyikapo.
Torque motsutsana ndi kukangana ndi chisokonezo china chatsamba lawebusayiti. Makokedwe odziwika a nangula wamakina ndikukwaniritsa kulemedwa kwapadera (mphamvu yochepetsera) mu ndodo. Kugubuduza nangula wa wedge kumatha kukulitsa dzanja kwambiri ndikuphwanya gawo la konkire, makamaka pafupi ndi m'mphepete. Kuwongolera kumatanthauza kuti mtengo woyimitsidwa sunamangidwe bwino ndipo ukhoza kugwedezeka. Kugwiritsa ntchito wrench yokhazikika ndikuphunzitsa ogwira nawo ntchito pa 'kumverera' ndi gawo lofunikira koma losaiwalika. Tidayamba kuphatikiza zokambirana za bokosi la zida za mphindi 15 pa izi kwa gulu lililonse latsopano, ndipo kuchuluka kwa kuyimbanso kwa zida zotayirira kudatsika kwambiri.
Ndiye pali kugwirizana kwa mtengo palokha. The chomangira zili mu konkire, koma zimalumikizana bwanji ndi mtengo? Chotchinga chamtengo, clevis, mbale yowotcherera? Kuwotcherera kumunda kumtengo wokometsedwa kumafuna kupukuta ❖ kuyanika, kuwotcherera, ndiyeno kukonzanso malowo, omwe nthawi zambiri amachitidwa bwino, kupanga dzimbiri lamtsogolo. Zingwe zamakina zimathamanga kwambiri ndikusunga zokutira, koma muyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti chotchingiracho chavotera katunduyo komanso makulidwe ake. Ndawonapo ma clamps akutsika chifukwa adapangidwira 10mm flange koma adayikidwa pa 12mm imodzi.
Phunziro limodzi lopweteka linali la ntchito yosungiramo katundu yokhala ndi zitsulo zazitali zazitali. Tinagwiritsa ntchito nangula wodziwika bwino poyimitsidwa. Kuthira konkriti kunali m'nyengo yozizira, ndipo kuchiritsa sikunali koyenera. Pambuyo pake, poikapo, anangula angapo adatuluka pansi pongolimbitsa manja. Kafukufukuyu adawonetsa kung'ung'udza kwa nangula chifukwa champhamvu yaubwana wa konkireyo kukhala yotsika kuposa momwe amaganizira. Tinasinthira ku kachitidwe ka nangula kocheperako kwa madera otsala, omwe amagwira ntchito bwino mu konkire yocheperako. Zinali zokwera mtengo, koma zinagwira ntchito. Tsopano, pamtundu uliwonse woyimitsidwa pamtunda wina, timaumirira pa pulogalamu yoyeserera yoyeserera mu gawo lenileni.
Zomwe zikuchitika tsopano ndikutsata machitidwe ophatikizika, makamaka pama projekiti oyendetsedwa ndi BIM. Ndizochepa za kudziyimira pawokha chomangira mtengo ndi zina zambiri zokhudza dongosolo lothandizira lothandizira: njira yoyamba yokhazikika pa slab yokhala ndi nangula wolemera kwambiri, yokhala ndi ma trapeze hangers kapena zingwe zomangira zomwe zimadina mu tchanelo. Izi zimalola kusintha, kumachepetsa zosintha zam'tsogolo, komanso kumathandizira kuwerengera njira yolemetsa. Makampani omwe amapanga zomangira komanso zida zothandizira, zomwe zimapereka makina oyesedwa, akupeza phindu. Imasuntha udindo kuchokera kwa ogwira ntchito pamalopo kuti alumikizane ndi yankho lopangidwa kale.
Ndikayang'ana m'mbuyo, kusintha kwakukulu m'malingaliro anga kwakhala kuchokera kukuwona ngati chinthu chamtengo wapatali kupita kukuwona ngati ulalo wofunikira pamaketani olemetsa. Simungangozungulira gawo nambala pa ndandanda. Muyenera kuganizira gawo lapansi, chilengedwe, mtundu wa katundu (static, dynamic, seismic), momwe mungayikitsire, komanso kukonza kwanthawi yayitali. Nthawi zina yankho lolondola ndi dongosolo la premium kuchokera ku mtundu wapadziko lonse lapansi. Nthawi zina, ndi gawo lolimba, lopanda frills kuchokera pakupanga kwakukulu ngati Handan Zitai Fastener imagwira ntchito. Chiweruzo pakati pa zosankhazo, kutengera zosowa ndi zopinga za polojekiti, ndiye chizindikiro chenicheni cha zomwe zachitika. Si bawuti chabe.
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