Mukuwona nthawi zigawo zitatu zomangira madzi zomangira pa pepala lodziwika bwino, ndipo ndizosavuta kuganiza kuti ndi bawuti yabwino kwambiri yokhala ndi ma washer awiri. Ndiko kulakwitsa koyamba. M'malo mwake, ndi dongosolo, ndipo magwiridwe ake amadalira kulumikizana pakati pa zigawo zitatuzo - wononga, mphete yosindikizira yapakati, ndi chotsukira chomaliza - pansi pa katundu komanso pakapita nthawi. Zolephera zambiri zomwe ndaziwona zikuyamba kuwatenga ngati chinthu chosavuta.

Anatomy ya Chisindikizo Chodalirika

Mfundo yayikulu sizovuta: gawo lapakati, mphete ya neoprene kapena EPDM, imakanizidwa mozungulira komanso mwa axially ikagwedezeka, ndikupanga chotchinga chakuthupi. Koma mdierekezi ali mwatsatanetsatane. Kodi polowera kumakina mu screw shaft ya mphete imeneyo? Kuzama kwake komanso kumapeto kwake ndikofunikira. Kuzama kwambiri, ndipo mpheteyo imatuluka kapena siyikhala bwino; mozama kwambiri, ndipo mumataya mphamvu yokakamiza yofunikira. Ndidakhala ndi magulu pomwe groove inali ndi machining burrs omwe amadula mu mphete yosindikizira panthawi yoyika, ndikupanga njira yotayikira kuyambira pachiyambi. Ndiko kulephera komwe mumangopeza ngati mukuyang'ana zigawozo payekha musanasonkhane, osati kungoyang'ana bokosilo.

Kuphatikizira zinthu ndi wakupha wina mwakachetechete. Kugwiritsira ntchito sikona yachitsulo ya carbon steel yokhala ndi chochapira zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri m'malo okhala ndi chloride (monga thanki yamadzi anyasi) kumakhazikitsa selo la galvanic corrosion cell. Mutha kupeza chisindikizo chabwino poyamba, koma zaka ziwiri pansi pamzere, zomangira zachitsulo zimawononga ulusi, zimamasula chisindikizo, ndipo chisindikizo chimalephera. Kukonzekera kumatanthawuza kufotokozera gulu lonse - screw, mphete, washer - mu 316 zosapanga dzimbiri kapena magiredi awiri kuyambira poyambira, ngakhale zitavuta bajeti. Ndizotsika mtengo kuposa kuyikanso konkriti pambuyo pake.

Apa ndipamene kufunafuna kuchokera kumapangidwe apadera amafunikira. Mwachitsanzo, wopanga ngati Malingaliro a kampani Handan Zitai Fastener Manufacturing Co., Ltd., yomwe ili m'dera lalikulu kwambiri ku China ku Yongnian, Hebei, nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi zida ndi zida zopangira makina opangira ma groove komanso satifiketi. Malo awo pafupi ndi misewu yayikulu yoyendera ngati Beijing-Shenzhen Expressway simalo ogulitsa okha; Zimatanthawuza kudalirika kwazinthu zamaprojekiti ambiri pomwe kuchedwetsa kubweretsa cholumikizira kumatha kuyimitsa tsamba lonse. Simukungogula zowononga; mukugula chitsimikizo cha chain chain.

Kuyika: Kumene Chiphunzitso Chimakumana Ndi Zowona

Kutchula gawo loyenera ndi theka la nkhondo. Theka lina ndikuliyika bwino. Torque yolembedwa ndi chilichonse zigawo zitatu zomangira madzi zomangira. Pansi pa torque, ndi mphete yapakati sichimapunduka mokwanira kudzaza zolakwika mu gawo lapansi (nthawi zambiri konkriti kapena chitsulo). Kuchuluka kwa torque, ndipo mwina mumavula ulusiwo poyikapo kapena kukanikiza kwambiri elastomer, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti izitha mphamvu ndikusweka pansi pa njinga yamoto.

Pantchito yomanga khoma la galaja yoimikapo magalimoto yapansi kalasi, tinali ndi zotayira pa anangula angapo. Titaona kuti pali vuto linalake, tinayang’ana kaye zoikamo. Ogwira ntchitoyo anali kugwiritsa ntchito ma wrenches omwe amasinthidwa kukhala wamba. Torque yopupulumayo inali yokulirakulira, kukakamiza kwambiri zisindikizo. Kusintha kwa ma wrench olinganizidwa ndi kukoka kosalala kunathetsa. Zinali zosavuta kukonza, koma zidawonetsa kuti makina opangira bwino kwambiri amatha kugonjetsedwa ndi machitidwe akumunda. Tsopano, nthawi zonse ndimaumirira kuti torque ndi zofunikira za zida zimawunikidwa pachojambula, osakwiriridwa m'mawu wamba.

Wina wothandiza mutu ndi kugwirizanitsa. Zomangira izi nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kumamatira zomangira za mapaipi, zoyambira pazida, kapena mbale zomangira pamakoma onyowa. Ngati bowo mu mbale yoyikirayo silinayende bwino ndi nangula wokhazikika, wonongayo imalowera pakona. Izi zimapanga kuponderezana kosagwirizana pa mphete yosindikiza-mbali imodzi imaphwanyidwa, ina imakhala ndi mpata. Chisindikizocho chimasokonezedwa nthawi yomweyo. Ndawonapo oyika akuyesera kunyengerera wononga ndi nyundo, zomwe zimangosokoneza chilichonse. Yankho lake nthawi zonse ndi kubowola ndi template moyenera, koma zenizeni za m'munda nthawi zambiri zimafuna kuyimbira milandu pamalopo, nthawi zina kuphatikizira kukulitsa bowo la mbale pang'ono kuti zitheke kusintha pang'ono, ngakhale izi zimabweretsa malingaliro ake onyamula katundu.

Case Point: The Reservoir Retrofit

Malo osungiramo madzi a konkriti ankafunikira malowedwe mazanamazana omata mapaipi atsopano olowera. Choyimira choyambirira chimafuna bawuti wamba wosalowa madzi. Tinakankhira ku chinachake magawo atatu oyimitsa madzi wononga kupanga ndi chochapira chachikulu, makapu kuti atseke sing'onoting'ono konkriti spalling. Makina ochapira oyamba anali athyathyathya komanso owonda kwambiri; pansi pa torque, iwo amadya, kuchepetsa mphamvu yogwira pa chisindikizo.

Tinapeza gulu lachiwiri, nthawi ino ndikugogomezera kufunikira kwa chochapira cholimba, chokhuthala. Wogulitsa yemwe adabweretsa anali ngati Zitai Fastener - zolemba zawo zidawonetsa kuti amamvetsetsa ntchitoyo, osati gawo lokha. Ma washer adadindidwa ndikutenthedwa, ndipo adaphatikiza nati wa loko ya nayiloni monga muyezo, womwe sitinaufotokoze koma tidayamikiridwa chifukwa cha kugwedezeka. Kuyikako kunayenda bwino, ndipo kuyesa kwa pressure kunadutsa. Phunziro linali lomveka bwino: ubwino wa zitsulo zowonjezera ndizofunikira monga elastomer yokha. Washer wofooka ndi mfundo imodzi yolephera.

Pambuyo pa Basic Spec

Nthawi zina, muyenera kusiya-script. M'fakitale yopangira mankhwala, sing'angayo inali ya asidi ndipo kutentha kumayenda pakati pa 80 ° C. EPDM yokhazikika siyingadutse. Tidayenera kuyang'ana ma chart onse ogwirizana ndi mankhwala ndipo tidamaliza kufotokoza mphete ya Fluorocarbon (FKM/Viton) ya zigawo zitatu zomangira madzi zomangira. Zomangira ndi washer zidasinthidwa kukhala 316L zosapanga dzimbiri chifukwa cha asidi. Izi zidasandutsa chinthu chokhazikika kukhala njira yokhazikika. Zinawononga ndalama zambiri, koma zinapewa kulephera koopsa. Apa ndipamene kugwira ntchito ndi wopanga yemwe angathe kuthana ndi zopempha zapadera-osati kungoyendetsa zinthu zamakalata-sikutheka kukambirana.

Kusamalira kwa nthawi yayitali kulinso lingaliro. Zisindikizo izi zimaonedwa kuti ndizokhazikika, koma palibe chomwe chimakhala kwamuyaya. M'malo ofikirika, kupanga zosinthira mtsogolo kapena kusinthanso ndikwanzeru. Izi zikutanthauza kutchula utali wautali kuposa wofunikira pang'ono ndikuwonetsetsa kuti kulowa sikukwiriridwa ndi zida zina. Ndawonapo ntchito zosindikizira zokongola zomwe sizimatheka chifukwa chowotcherera kapena mapaipi, ndikusandutsa ntchito yosavuta yokonza kukhala ntchito yayikulu yodulira.

The Takeaway

Choncho, zigawo zitatu zomangira madzi zomangira sizinthu zokhazikika ndikuyiwala. Iwo ndi makina osindikizira opangidwa mwaluso. Kupambana kumadalira mizati itatu: kufotokoza zinthu zolondola ndi geometry kwa malo utumiki; kuonetsetsa kukhazikitsidwa kolondola, koyendetsedwa; ndi kupeza kuchokera kwa wopanga waluso yemwe amawongolera njira zawo. Ndilo mphambano ya mapangidwe, kugula zinthu, ndi kuchita m'munda. Dumphani iliyonse, ndipo mukugubuduza dayisi pa kukhulupirika kwa chotchinga chomwe mukuyesera kupanga. Zabwino, zikachita bwino, zimasowa mumpangidwe ndikuchita ntchito yawo kwazaka zambiri - zomwe ndizomwe mukufuna kuchokera pachisindikizo chovuta.