Reka tuvuge kubyerekeye 'gukosora byihuse' - ijambo ryumvikana neza ariko rigenda hejuru y'abantu benshi, ndetse bamwe mubucuruzi. Ntabwo ari ugukomera gusa; ni inzira yose yo gutoranya, kwishyiriraho, no kwemeza ibice bigize urudodo cyangwa bidafite umurongo bifata ibintu hamwe burundu cyangwa nkuko byateganijwe. Ikosa rikomeye? Dufate ko ibifunga byose byaremwe kimwe kandi iyo torque niyo ihinduka yonyine ifite akamaro. Nabonye imishinga myinshi aho icyo gitekerezo cyatumye uhamagarwa inyuma, cyangwa bibi, gutsindwa.

Kutumva neza: Ni Sisitemu, Ntabwo ari Igice

Iyo tuvuze gukosora, turavuga rwose kuri sisitemu. Bolt, ibinyomoro, koza, umwobo wafashwe, ibikoresho bifatanyirizwa hamwe, ibidukikije - byose birakorana. Gutoranya amanota 8.8 kugirango ubone uburyo bukomeye bwo gukoresha ibintu bisa nkaho ari byiza, ariko niba ubuso bwo guhuza bworoshye ari aluminiyumu kandi ukaba utabaze kuruhuka kwinjiza, iyo ngingo izarekura. Ntabwo ari amakosa yihuta; ni sisitemu idahuye.

Ndibuka akazi ka retrofit kumashini zimwe zo hanze. Ikirangantego cyahamagaye zinc isanzwe ya karubone ibyuma bya hex bolts. Basaga neza binjiye. Nyuma y'amezi atandatu, kimwe cya kabiri cyafashwe cyangwa cyarafashwe n'ingese, bituma imvune zangirika ku byapa. 'Gukosora' ntabwo byari ugusimbuza gusa; yari yongeye gusuzuma byose gukosora protocole kuri ibyo bidukikije. Twahinduye kuri serie idafite ibyuma A2-70 hamwe namavuta atandukanye kumutwe hamwe nogeshe mugari kugirango dukwirakwize imitwaro. Ikibazo cyakemutse, ariko byatwaye kabiri inshuro yo kwishyiriraho kwambere.

Isomo? Gukosora bitangira kera mbere yuko umugozi uhinduka. Bitangirana no gusoma ibidukikije - ubushuhe, imiti, inzinguzingo zumuriro, kunyeganyega - no guhitamo inteko yose uko bikwiye. Rimwe na rimwe, igisubizo cyukuri nigifunga gifunga, rimwe na rimwe ikaranze ya flange, rimwe na rimwe ikibanza gitandukanye. Nta gukosora isi yose.

Torque na Tension: Intambara Iteka

Hano haribiganiro bya kera byamaduka atigera apfa. Urasabwa gutwika umurongo wa M12 kuri 90 Nm. Uhindura rero umugozi wawe, kanda kanda, hanyuma ukomeze. Yobu yarangije, sibyo? Birashoboka ko atari byo. Torque ni porokisi gusa kubyo ushaka rwose: impagarara za bolt, imbaraga zifatika zifatanije hamwe.

Ubuvanganzo ni ikarita yishyamba hano. Kugera kuri 90% yumuriro wawe urashobora gutakara gusa kunesha guterana munsi yumutwe wa bolt no mumutwe. Niba icyuma cyumye, cyangwa gifite imyanda, cyangwa isahani idahuye, urashobora gukubita 90 Nm hamwe na bolt irambuye. Ihuriro ridafunze. Ibinyuranye, hamwe namavuta meza, urashobora kurambura hejuru ya bolt mbere yo gukanda. Nabonye byombi bibaho. Kubintu bikomeye, ubu dukoresha kenshi guhuza: torque kugeza kubiciro byambere, hanyuma inguni ikomere. Nintambwe nyinshi, ariko irakwegera hafi yimpagarara zihoraho.

Aha niho kugira isoko ryizewe rifite akamaro. Niba igifuniko cyihuta cyangwa kwihanganira ibipimo biri ahantu hose, umubano wawe wa torque-tension ni ugukeka. Guhuzagurika mubice ni ishingiro ryizewe gukosora inzira.

Kurubuga-Ibintu Byukuri nibikosorwa bihagije

Ntabwo akazi kose gafite uburambe bwibihe byiza nibikoresho byahinduwe. Wowe uri mu murima, imvura irimo kugwa, urupapuro rwabigenewe, kandi ugomba kubona ibintu neza. Aha niho uburambe-kandi rimwe na rimwe bwumvikane-butangirira.

Ibyiza bihagije byo gukosora byigihe gito nibibi bikenewe, ariko ugomba kumenya imipaka yabyo. Gukoresha ibyuma byoroheje byoroheje aho bikenewe imbaraga nyinshi, ariko ukongeramo igikarabiro cyo gufunga ukongera ukagaragaza ko ugomba kongera gutwikwa mumasaha 24, birashobora kuba ibyago byemewe kubikenewe mugihe gito. Urufunguzo ni inyandiko hamwe na gahunda isobanutse yo gukurikirana. Icyaha kirakora ukibagirwa, kureka gukosora byigihe gito bigahinduka ingingo ihoraho yo gutsindwa.

Nigeze kubanza gushakisha ecran iremereye hamwe na bolts zidahuye mububiko bwibikoresho byaho kuko kohereza neza byatinze. Twakubye kabiri umubare wiziritse, dukoresha urudodo-rufunga urudodo, hanyuma dushyiramo tagi nini, itukura YASIMBUWE NA [ITARIKI]. Yakoze icyumweru yari ikeneye. Ibyo bikosora n'ubwonko bwawe, ntabwo ibice bin gusa.

Urunigi rwo gutanga hamwe nukuri kwa geografiya

Aho ibyuma byawe biva ntabwo ari umurongo kuri fagitire gusa; bigira ingaruka kuboneka, guhuzagurika, kandi rimwe na rimwe uburyo bwo gukora akazi. Urugero, Akarere ka Yongnian mu Bushinwa muri Hebei, ni ihuriro rinini ry’ibice bisanzwe. Isosiyete nka Hamagara zitai yihuta ukora co., Ltd., iherereye hamwe nuburyo bwo kugera kumuyoboro munini wa gari ya moshi n’imihanda, byerekana urugero nubushobozi bwibikoresho byakarere. Kubwinshi, urwego-rusanzwe rwiziritse, iyi niyo soko, itaziguye cyangwa itaziguye.

Gukorana nabatanga isoko, wiga kuba umwihariko mubyo wategetse. M10 x 50 hex bolt ntabwo ihagije. Ukeneye amanota, igifuniko, ikibanza cyurudodo, ibisanzwe (ISO, DIN, GB). Ibyoroshye byo gutanga byinshi biringaniza nibisabwa neza. Kubona pallet ya plaque ya zinc itari yo irashobora gushiraho umushinga ibyumweru.

Aho biherereye hafi ya gari ya moshi ya Beijing-Guangzhou na gari ya moshi ntabwo ari ibintu byoroshye muri byo umwirondoro wa sosiyete; bisobanura kuyobora ibihe nibiciro. Kubikorwa remezo binini umushinga utumiza kontineri imizigo ya fondasiyo, ibyo bikoresho bya logistique nikintu gikomeye muri rusange gukosora ingamba n'ingengabihe.

Iyo Gukosora Kunanirwa: Post-Mortems

Ibihe byinshi byo kwiga biva kunanirwa. Bolt yogoshe, umugozi wambuwe, inteko yangiritse - byose ni inkuru zitegereje gusomwa.

Twari dufite icyiciro cya anchor bolts kunanirwa gusuka beto. Gukeka ako kanya byari ibyuma byo mu rwego rwo hasi. Raporo ya metallurgie, yerekanaga ko ibikoresho byari byiza. Kunanirwa kwari hydrogene. Inzira ya electroplating ikoreshwa nu mucuruzi (isanzwe, ihendutse kurangiza) ntabwo yashyizemo intambwe nziza yo guteka kugirango yirukane hydrogène, ituma ibibyimba bivunika. 'Gukosora' byari ukuri ku mpapuro, ariko gukora nuance byateye kunanirwa. Noneho, kubintu byose bifatika byihuta, turasaba kandi tugenzura icyemezo cyo guteka.

Ikindi gihe, guhora kurekura ku muyoboro wa feri ntiwakurikiranwe kuri bolts, ahubwo wasangaga gasike. Yagendagendaga igihe, igabanya imbaraga zo gukomera. Kongera gutwika ibibyimba byari kuvura ibimenyetso. Ukuri gukosora igisubizo kwari ukugaragaza ibintu bitandukanye, bitanyerera. Kwizirika byari igice kimwe gusa cyo kugereranya cyagombaga guhinduka.

Izi nizo manza zifatanije nawe. Bakwimura gukurikira icyerekezo kugirango wumve impamvu igitekerezo kibaho. Ihindura umurimo wuzuye imyitozo yo gukemura ibibazo. Ngiyo umutima wo gukosora neza-ikoreshwa muburyo bwa fiziki nibikoresho siyanse, hamwe numwanda muto munsi yintoki zawe.