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Niba ubajije umuntu uri hanze yinganda ziremereye gushushanya sitidiyo, birashoboka ko yatekereza inkoni yoroshye. Ngiyo imyumvire ya mbere itari yo. Mubyukuri, icyuma cya sitidiyo ni ikintu cyihuta, ikintu gikomeye kunanirwa bishobora gusobanura ibirenze kumeneka - birashobora guhagarika, cyangwa bibi. Itandukaniro riri mubisabwa hamwe nibisobanuro. Nabonye imishinga yatinze kuko umuntu yashakishije inkoni rusange yomudodo ya flange yamato. Barasa, ariko ntibishobora guhinduka. Sitidiyo, hamwe nu murongo uhoraho cyangwa urudodo rwihariye, rwashizweho ndetse no gukwirakwiza imitwaro yo gukwirakwiza mu nteko ihuriweho. Kubona iryo kosa ntabwo ari amahitamo.

Anatomy yubushakashatsi bwizewe

Bitangirana nibikoresho, ariko ntibirangirira aho. Kubikorwa byinshi bya peteroli cyangwa amashanyarazi, urareba ASTM A193 B7 cyangwa B16 kugirango ubone serivisi yubushyuhe bwo hejuru. Ariko kwerekana "B7" ntibihagije. Shitani iri murwego rwo kuvura ubushyuhe hamwe nu mugozi. Sitidiyo ikwiye ntabwo ihinduwe gusa; insinga akenshi zizunguruka nyuma yo kuvura ubushyuhe. Akazi-gakomera imizi yumutwe, kunoza cyane kurwanya umunaniro. Ndibuka icyiciro cyatanzwe nuwabitanze - ibyangombwa byari byiza, ariko insinga zaraciwe. Munsi ya cycle yikurikiranya kuri pompe, batangiye kunanirwa kumutwe wambere wasezeranye. Ikibazo? Uburyo bwo gukora nabi. Sitidiyo yari ikomeye, ariko insanganyamatsiko zari ihuriro ridakomeye.

Noneho hariho kurangiza. Isahani ya Cadmium yari igipimo cya kera cyo kurwanya ruswa, ariko amabwiriza y’ibidukikije arabikuraho. Ibisanzwe ubu ni zinc-nikel cyangwa hot-dip galvanizing, ariko ugomba kubara hydrogène, cyane cyane hamwe nimbaraga zikomeye nka B7. Bakenera guteka nyuma yo gusya kugirango birukane hydrogen. Simbuka iyo ntambwe, hanyuma ushyireho igisasu. Niboneye nyuma yo kunanirwa kwa embrittlement kuri compressor-kuvunika gusukuye, kuvunika nta guhindagurika. Intandaro yatangiriye ku iduka ryamasahani ryasibye ukwezi. Ikiruhuko? Igenzura ryubuziranenge bwawe rigomba kwaguka kubashoramari bawe.

Uburebure na chamfer bifite akamaro kuruta uko wabitekereza. Sitidiyo igomba gusohoka mu mbuto hafi ya 1.5 kugeza 2. Birebire cyane, kandi birasesagura kandi birashobora kubangamira; ngufi cyane, kandi ntubona ibyuzuye byuzuye. Chamfer kumpera ntabwo yoroshye gutangira gusa; irinda insanganyamatsiko yambere kwangirika mugihe cyo gukora no kuyishyiraho. Twigeze kugira abakozi b'urubuga binubira utubuto twambukiranya. Hindura, sitidiyo yatanzwe ifite imitwe yatobotse bivuye ku gufata nabi, kandi chamfer ntabwo yari ihagije. Agace gato gatera umutwe munini.

Gasketi, Umutwaro, n'imbyino Zikomera

Bolt ya sitidiyo ntabwo ikora wenyine. Intego yacyo yose ni ugusunika gasketi imwe kugirango ikore kashe. Ubwoko bwa gasketi - igikomere kizunguruka, impeta ihuriweho, grafite yoroshye - itegeka umutwaro ukenewe. Munsi ya torque, na gasike ntizicara neza, biganisha kumeneka. Kurenza-torque, kandi urashobora kumenagura igikomere cya spiral, ukangiza uwuzuza, cyangwa ikibi, ukarenga sitidiyo ubwayo. Intego ni ukugera kuri "umusaruro" wibikoresho bya gaze, ntabwo ari bolt. Aha niho hajyaho uburyo bwa torque-na-guhinduranya cyangwa guhagarika hydraulic. Imiyoboro yoroheje ya torque akenshi iba idahagije kuri sitidiyo nini ya diametre kubera guhuzagurika.

Nkunda hydraulic tensioning yingingo zikomeye. Irambura sitidiyo byoroshye, hanyuma ibinyomoro birashira. Ubu buryo butanga ibintu byinshi byukuri kandi byuzuye murwego rwose muri flange. Ubundi buryo, ingaruka zifatika, ni uburyo bwo gupakira ibintu bitaringaniye. Nabonye flanges "yari ikomeye" ariko yamenetse nyuma yo gusiganwa ku magare kubera ko umutwaro utaringaniye, bigatuma flange igenda gato. Gusubiramo nyuma yubushyuhe ni imyitozo isanzwe, ariko niba umutwaro wambere wari ahantu hose, retorquing ntishobora kubikosora.

Gusiga amavuta ntibishobora kuganirwaho ariko akenshi biba. Ugomba gukoresha amavuta yasobanuwe muburyo bukoreshwa - mubisanzwe ubushyuhe bwo hejuru burwanya ifata nka nikel cyangwa ishingiye kumuringa. Kandi igomba gukoreshwa gusa kumutwe hamwe nutubuto twera hejuru, ntabwo bito bizaba biri mubibazo. Coefficient de friction ihinduka cyane hamwe namavuta. Gukoresha ibitari byo, cyangwa kubishyira mu buryo budahuye, bivuze ko agaciro ka torque yawe yabazwe ntacyo kamaze. Nakoresheje kalibatifike ya torque gusa kugirango imbaraga zibe impfabusa kuko abakozi bakoresheje amavuta ayo ari yo yose mumagare yabo.

Isoko nukuri kwisoko ryisi yose

Urashobora kugira spes nuburyo bukwiye, ariko niba uwihuta ubwayo ari subpar, urangije. Isoko ryuzuyemo ibicuruzwa, kandi ubuziranenge buratandukanye cyane. Kugura ibiciro ni bibi. Kubisabwa bidakomeye, birashoboka ko ari byiza. Ariko kubitunganya cyangwa umuyoboro wo munsi yinyanja, ukeneye gukurikiranwa: nimero yubushyuhe, urusyo rukora, raporo yimiti nubukanishi. Aha niho hashingiwe kubikorwa byo gukora. Akarere nka Yongnian muri Hebei, mu Bushinwa, ni ihuriro rinini ry'umusaruro wihuse. Kwibanda kubuhanga nibikorwa remezo harashobora kuba inyungu nyayo.

Fata uruganda rushingiye aho, nka Hamagara zitai yihuta ukora co., Ltd.. Ahantu habo hasanzwe hashingiwe kubice byinshi mubushinwa ntabwo ari umurongo wo kwamamaza gusa. Kuba yegeranye numuyoboro munini wa gari ya moshi numuhanda bisobanura ibikoresho byibikoresho fatizo nibicuruzwa byarangiye byahujwe. Kubaguzi, ibyo birashobora guhindurwa mugukoresha neza no kwizerwa murwego rwo gutanga. Iyo utumije toni nkeya za sitidiyo kumushinga, ntushaka ko baguma ku cyambu. Urubuga rwabo, https://www.zitaifasteners.com, rwerekana urwego rusanzwe - kuva B7 kugeza kumanota yihariye. Urufunguzo ni ukumenya niba bafite inzira nziza zo kuyisubiza inyuma kubikorwa bikomeye.

Nakemuye abatanga ibyiza nibibi bo mu turere dusa. Ibyiza byumva amahame mpuzamahanga nka ASME, ASTM, na DIN. Bashora imari yabo, guhimba, no gutunganya ubushyuhe. Batanga impapuro zuzuye zemeza batabajijwe. Ibibi birashobora gutanga icyemezo cyimpimbano cyangwa kuvanga ibyiciro. Isomo rimwe ribabaza ni "ASTM A320 L7" gahunda ya serivisi yubushyuhe buke. Certs yasaga neza, ariko ibizamini byingaruka za Charpy kuri -150 ° F byatsinzwe kuburyo butangaje. Ibikoresho byari bitarenze amanota. Utanga isoko yarazimiye. Ubu, turagenzura. Turasaba impapuro zo kugenzura inzira, ntabwo ari cert zanyuma.

Iyo Ibintu Bitagenze neza: Amasomo yo mu murima

Isesengura ryananiwe numwarimu mwiza. Ikibazo gikunze kugaragara cyane ni gufata cyangwa gukubita, cyane hamwe na sitidiyo idafite ibyuma nka B8 (304/316). Iyo munsi yumutwaro mwinshi, urwego rukingira oxyde irashobora gusenyuka, bigatuma insinga zikonja hamwe. Ninzozi mbi gusenya. Gukoresha urwego rutandukanye nka B8M (316) birashobora gufasha, ariko akenshi igisubizo nikintu cyiza cyo kurwanya galling. Ndibuka ko gusimbuza ubushyuhe bundle byasimbuye byatwaye iminsi itatu kuko izindi sitidiyo zose zitagira umwanda hamwe nutubuto byari byashize. Igiciro cyumurimo cyarenze kure cyane premium yo kurwanya gufata neza.

Ruswa iri mubibazo ni undi mwicanyi ucecetse. Ikibaho cya sitidiyo ihora ihangayikishijwe nibidukikije byangirika bikunda guhangayikishwa no kwangirika (SCC). Kubidukikije bya chloride, iri tegeko risanzwe 304/316 ridafite ingese kubice bitsindagiye. Urashobora gukenera kuzamura amavuta arwanya cyane cyangwa ugakoresha icyuma cya karubone. Twari dufite igihingwa cyo ku nkombe aho sitidiyo ya B7 ifite igicucu cyoroshye cya zinc cyangirika mu mwaka. Igisubizo cyari umubyimba mwinshi, ufite imbaraga zikomeye, zifatanije nigihe kinini cyo kugenzura.

Rimwe na rimwe, kunanirwa biri mubishushanyo. Igipimo bolt ntabwo gishobora kuba igisubizo. Mubidukikije bihindagurika cyane, nko kuri compressor cyangwa pompe, urashobora gukenera sitidiyo yacukuwe kugirango insinga z'umutekano cyangwa ibinyomoro byiganje. Cyangwa, kubisenya kenshi, sitidiyo ibiri-ifite urutugu birashobora kuba byiza kwirinda kwambara kumutwe. Nibijyanye no guhuza ibyihuta na serivisi, ntabwo bikurura gusa kurutonde rusange.

Kwifata: Ni Sisitemu, Ntabwo ari Igice

Noneho, nyuma yibi byose, bimaze iki? Ni uko bolt ya sitidiyo itigera igicuruzwa gusa utangirira kuri fagitire y'ibikoresho. Nibikoresho bya injeniyeri muri sisitemu nini-ihuriweho. Imikorere yacyo iterwa nibikoresho, inzira yo gukora, ibyuma byuzuzanya (nuts, washeshe), uburyo bwo kwishyiriraho, hamwe nibikorwa bikora. Kwirengagiza kimwe muri ibyo ni ugusaba ibibazo.

Inama nakugira ni ugusobanura cyane ibyangombwa no kudasobanura neza kwizerana buhumyi. Saba impapuro. Sobanukirwa n'inzira. Kandi wubake umubano nabatanga isoko babibona, baba bari mumuhanda cyangwa hakurya yisi, nkabari mumasoko akomeye. Kuberako iyo urimo kwitegereza flange yamenetse saa mbiri za mugitondo, ikintu cya nyuma ushaka kwibaza nubunyangamugayo bwa sitidiyo yose hamwe. Nibwo ubonye agaciro nyako k'iyo nkoni "yoroshye".