I-china ephezulu ye-te chie

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kuye kwakho ukwanda okukhulu kwemfunoIirhasi eziphakamileyo. Nangona kunjalo, indlela yokufunda rhoqo yokukhetha izinto isekwe kwizimvo ezibalaseleyo kwaye ayithatheli ingqalelo intsingiselo yesicelo sokwenyani. Namhlanje siza kuzama ukufumanisa ukuba zeziphi izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu kwimarike yaseTshayina, zeziphi iingxaki ezivela xa bezisebenzisa kwaye ziphi izisombululo ezikhoyo. Kwaye, ngokungagungqi, abahlali behambelana noko kubhengezwe kwiikhathalogu.

Uphengululo: Ukukhetha isixhobo esichanekileyo - isitshixo sokuthembeka

UkhethoIithemidi eziphezulu zokubeka izinto-Ayisiyo ukukhetha ubushushu nje. Lo ngumsebenzi wonke wobunjineli ofuna ukuqondwa kweempawu zoomatshini, iikhemikhali kunye ne-shimical kunye ne-thermal kunye nemeko yokusebenza. Ukhetho olungalunganga lunokukhokelela ekucocekeni ngaphambi kwexesha, ukwenziwa kwe-garket kwaye, ngenxa yoko, kwiikhilograyi ezinzulu. Siza kuqwalasela olona khetho luqhelekileyo, izibonelelo zabo kunye nezinto ezingalunganga, kunye nokunika imizekelo ekusebenzeni.

Iindidi eziphambili zezixhobo ezisetyenziselwa izixhobo eziphezulu ze-china

Ezona zinto zithandwa kakhulu ziindidi ze-ceramic, i-forticlogids, ishushu-i-polymers-fanoroplasts. Ngamnye wabo uneempawu zayo ezenza ilungele imisebenzi ethile. Umzekelo, ngomsebenzi kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu kakhulu (ngaphezulu kwe-1200 ° C), i-silicon carbide okanye i-sitricon nitride isetyenziswa rhoqo. Nangona kunjalo, ezi zixhobo zihlala zibuthathaka ngakumbi kwaye zifuna ukulungiselela umgangatho ngakumbi.

Iindidi zeCeramic: amandla kunye nokuxhathisa

I-Ceramic Carbites, ngakumbi kwisiseko se-selicon carbide (i-SIC) kunye neSilicon Nitride (i-Si3n4), zibonakaliswa kukunganyangeki kobushushu, amandla omatshini kunye nokuxhathisa kwiimpembelelo zemichiza. Zilungele ukusetyenziswa kwiziko, iiboyisile kunye nezinye iindawo ezinomsindo. Nangona kunjalo, iindleko zabo eziphezulu kunye nobunzima ekuqhubekeni nokunciphisa umda.

Sijongene nengxaki yokuqhekeza iirhasi ze-SIC kwi-SHEP yobushushu obukhali. Yajika into yokuba le nto ibangelwe kukungaxhathisi ubushushu obukhoyo bomthengisi osetyenzisiweyo ukuwalungisa. Kule meko, ukutshintshwa komthengisi nge-cema eyodwa ye-cema enkulu yonyusa ubomi bokubekwa.

Ukudibana kwe-ligs: Ukunganyangeki okuhle

I-Meetixlogdrides, efana ne-niobid hyddrid (nbh2) kunye ne-titanium hydrides (tih2), kukulalanisa okuhle phakathi kwexabiso kunye neempawu. Banokumelana nobushushu obuphakamileyo (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-800-900 ° C), ukumelana kakuhle nokuzibophelela kwaye kuneendleko eziphantsi. Ihlala isetyenziswa kumandla kunye nemveliso yekhemikhali.

Kodwa kukho iphazamisi apha. Xa usebenza ngemidylogidrides, kunyanzelekile ukuba uthathele ingqalelo umkhwa wabo wokukhupha inkohliso phambi kweoksijini. Ke ngoko, iingubo ezikhuselayo ezikhuselayo okanye i-intert qumosphere zihlala zifuneka.

Ubushushu -iPolymers

Ubushushu-i-polymers ye-theymers, njenge ptfe (i-teflon), i-PEFLOn), i-PEVOT kunye ne-PPS, inike inguqulelo kunye nexabiso eliphantsi. Basetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo apho ukutywinwa kunye nokuqulunqwa kuyafuneka. Nangona kunjalo, ukumelana kwabo ubushushu kunqongophele (ngokufuthi ukuya kuthi ga kwi-200 ukuya kwi-2,50 ° C), kwaye banokungabikho phantsi kwempembelelo yobushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo.

Kwenye yeeprojekthi, sasisebenzisa i-geswes ye-ptfey yokutywina i-reactoy esebenza nge-180 ° C. Iirhasi ngokukhawuleza ziphulukene neempawu zazo zokutywina, ezikhokelela ekuvusweni. Ngenxa yoko, saguquka kwi-metritri -in -at irhasi, ebonelela ngokuthe tywina kakhulu.

Iingxaki ezijongene nazo xa usebenzisaIirhasi eziphakamileyo

Ngaphandle kwezinto ezahlukeneyo, xa usebenzisaIirhasi eziphakamileyoIingxaki ezithile zihlala zivela. Enye yezona zinto zixhaphakileyo kukungcungcutheka kokubekwa phantsi kwempembelelo yobushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo. Oku kunokukhokelela ekuvuzelweni nasekunciphiseni izixhobo zokusebenza.

Enye ingxaki kukubonakala kweegesi kwimithombo yeendaba. Ukuvela kunokunciphisa kakhulu ubomi benkonzo yokubekwa kwaye kukhokelele kuqhekezo olunzulu lwezixhobo. Ukusombulula le ngxaki, kubalulekile ukukhetha izixhobo ezingapheliyo kwiindawo ezithile zobundlobongela kwaye zisebenzise iingubo zokukhusela.

Izinto eziphantsi zexabiso eliphantsi kunye ne-fakes

Ngelishwa, izixhobo ezingasebenzi kakuhle kunye ne-fake ifumaneka kwimarike yaseTshayina. Oku kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezinkulu ngokutywina kunye nokuthembeka kwezixhobo. Kubalulekile ukuthenga izixhobo kuphela kubathengisi abathembekileyo ngezatifikethi zomgangatho.

Siphinde sadibana neegesi esandula ukubhengezwa njenge-SIC, kodwa enyanisweni equlethe isabelo esixabisekileyo sezinto eziphantsi. I-garts ngokukhawuleza ayiphumelelanga, ekhokelela kwilahleko yemali ebalulekileyo.

Amava asebenzayo: Iingcebiso kunye neengcebiso

Ngokusekwe kumava ethu, singanika iingcebiso ezininzi zokukhetha kunye nokusebenzisaIirhasi eziphakamileyo. Okokuqala, kunyanzelekile ukuba uhlalutye ngenyameko iimeko zokusebenza, kubandakanya amaqondo obushushu, uxinzelelo, ukrokrela phakathi kunye nobukho bentshukumo. Okwesibini, kuyimfuneko ukukhetha izixhobo ezihambelana nezi meko. Okwesithathu, kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezisemgangathweni eziphezulu kubathengisi abathembekileyo. Kwaye ekugqibeleni, kuyimfuneko ukufaka ngokuchanekileyo i-gasket, ukuqaphela zonke iimfuno zetekhnoloji.

Ukubeka iliso kwi-gasket ye-gasket kunye nokutshintshwa kwexesha kwe-gasket eyonakalisiweyo nakwezinto ezibalulekileyo eziqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwezixhobo. Oku, kunjalo, kufuna iindleko ezongezelelekileyo, kodwa zingaphantsi kakhulu kunendleko zokulungiswa kunye nexesha lokuphumla.

Imizekelo yeeprojekthi eziphumeleleyo

Siphumeze ngempumelelo iiprojekthi ezininzi ezinxulumene nokusetyenziswaIirhasi eziphakamileyo. Umzekelo, kwinkampani evelisa iimveliso ze-ceramic, siye saqulunqa kwaye sifake iitekisi kwizitovu ezidumileyo, ezibonelela ngokuqina okuphezulu kunye nokuthembeka kwezixhobo. Ukuze inkampani isebenza kwishishini le-petrochemical, siphuhlise kwaye sifakwe iitekisi eziqinisekisiweyo ukumelana nemeko ezinobundlobongela.

Zonke ezi projekthi zaye zamiliselwa ngempumelelo enkosi kuhlalutyo oluchanekileyo lweemeko ezifanelekileyo, ukhetho lwezixhobo ezifanelekileyo kunye nokufakelwa kwe-gasket. Sisoloko sizama ukubonelela abathengi bethu isisombululo esifanelekileyo, sinike iimfuno zabo kunye nohlahlo-lwabiwo mali.