Uzwa 'amakinati okugcina' futhi abantu abaningi bacabanga nge-locknut elula, mhlawumbe uhlobo lokufaka inayiloni. Lowo umbono oyiphutha wokuqala. Empeleni, inathi lomgcini weqiniso, ikakhulukazi emisebenzini enzima kakhulu noma ejwayele ukudlidliza, iyisilwane esihlukile. Akukhona nje ukuvimbela ukuxega; kumayelana nokugcina isitobhi esinembayo, sisebenze njengesikhiya sendawo, noma sisebenze njengendawo yokumisa imishini. Ngibone amadizayini amaningi kakhulu lapho inathi elijwayelekile licaciswa 'njengonozi', okwenza kube nomhlangano ongaphumeleli ekuhlolweni kwenkundla ngoba unjiniyela akazange acabangele amandla e-axial kanye ne-radial ahilelekile. Igama ngokwalo licishe livuleke kakhulu, lihlanganisa yonke into kusukela ku-jam nut esiqwini sevalvu ukuya kunati elikhethekile eliyisipesheli elinephinikhodi yekhothari ku-shaft ejikelezayo. I-nuance yonke into.

Umsebenzi Oyinhloko kanye Nezihibe Ezivamile

Ake sicacise. Umsebenzi oyinhloko 'ukugcina' isilungiselelo. Isibonelo, ekuxhumaneni okulungisekayo, usetha ubude, bese uqinisa inathi lomgcini ngokumelene ne-turnbuckle noma umzimba wokuphela kwenduku. Iphuzu lokuhluleka lapha ngokuvamile lingaphansi kwe-torquing. Abantu bayesaba intambo egayayo noma ukuguqula ingxenye, ngakho bayakhanya. Umphumela? Ukudlidliza kuyenza ikhululeke ngaphezu kwamahora ambalwa. Lokhu ngikufunde kabuhlungu kuphrojekthi yesistimu yokuthutha. Sisebenzise i-hex nut njengonozinti ku-tensioning rod. Ucacise i-torque ngeshadi elijwayelekile. Ngemva kwezinyanga ezintathu, savalwa ngoba induku yahlehla, yalahla ibhande. Ukulungiswa bekungeyona i-torque ephakeme, kodwa ukushintshela ku-a umgcini nut ngesici se-torque esikhona-intambo ekhubazekile noma indandatho yepulasitiki ehlanganisiwe. Ihlinzekele ukuthi ukudonsa okungaguquki kuphoqa inadi elijwayelekile lishoda.

Ukukhetha izinto ezibonakalayo kungenye isithiyo. Ezindaweni ezonakalisayo—cabanga ukucutshungulwa kwamakhemikhali noma ukusetshenziswa kolwandle—inadi eligcina insimbi ye-carbon steel liyiwashi elimakayo. Ngisho ne-plating. Ngikhumbula iklayenti elaphikelela ngamantongomane anezinki ukuze kuhlanganiswe iphampu yamanzi ogwini. I-galvanic corrosion phakathi kwe-stainless steel stud kanye ne-carbon steel nut empeleni kwahlanganiswa ndawonye. Lapho isondlo sizama ukulungisa, i-stud yanqamuka. Isixazululo kwakuwukuluma inhlamvu nokusebenzisa ukuhlanganiswa okuphelele kwe-316, okuhlanganisa amantongomane omgcini. Izindleko zangaphambili zaziphezulu, kodwa zaqeda iphupho elibi lokulungisa.

Bese kuba nendaba yesikhala. Inadi elijwayelekile lidinga ukujika okufanelekile kwe-wrench. Emigodini eqinile, ungase udinge umgcini wesitayela se-jam nut, kodwa ukuphakama kwayo okuncishisiwe kusho ukubandakanyeka okuncane kwentambo nokusebenza okukhiya okuphansi. Uhweba umsebenzi wokulingana. Kwake kwadingeka ukuthi sakhe isipane se-spanner ngokwezifiso ukuze nje siqinise inadi likanozi ehlezi endaweni ebhobokile. Yengeze izindleko zamathuluzi, kodwa bekuwukuphela kwendlela yokufeza kokubili i-torque edingekayo kanye nomklamo ohlangene. Ukuphuma eshalofini akuhlali kuyimpendulo.

Ukutholakala Neqiniso Lamahabhu Okukhiqiza

Lokhu kungiletha ekutholeni umthombo. Ngokugijima kwevolumu, uvame ukubheka abakhiqizi kumaqoqo ezimboni ezikhethekile. Ihabhu eyodwa enkulu yomhlaba wonke iseYongnian, Hebei, China. Ukugxila kokukhiqizwa kwezinsimbi kuyamangaza. Izinkampani ezifana I-Handan Zitai Fetesser Comment Co, Ltd. sebenza phakathi kwayo. Indawo yabo eseduze nomzila wesitimela omkhulu nothelawayeka akuwona nje umugqa kuphrofayela yenkampani; ihumusha ekusebenzeni kahle kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe kanye nokuthunyelwa kwezimpahla eziqediwe. Uma uthenga ama-container ama-fasteners akhethekile, lokho kusondela emithanjeni yokuthutha kubalulekile ngezindleko nesikhathi sokuhola.

Uma usebenzisana nomkhiqizi ofana noZitai, usebenzisana nalolo chungechunge lwempahla olujulile, lwendawo. Udinga ibanga elithile le-boron steel wire ukuze uthole amandla aphezulu amantongomane omgcini? Umphakeli cishe ungezansi komgwaqo. Lokhu kungenza kube lula ukwenza i-prototyping futhi kuvumele izinketho ezengeziwe zezinto ezibonakalayo. Nokho, isihluthulelo siwukucaca okucacisiwe. Ngike ngaba namasampula abuya lapho ukwelashwa kokushisa kwakungacaciswanga ngoba umdwebo ubufuna okulinganayo kweBanga lesi-8 kunezindawo ezinembile zemishini nendlela yokuhlola. Kucatshangwa ukuthi izokwenziwa ezingeni elivamile lendawo, elihluke kancane. Isifundo: imidwebo yokulawula kufanele iphelele—ikhemikhali yezinto ezibonakalayo, ububanzi bokuqina be-Rockwell, umthwalo wokufakaza, uhlobo lokumboza nokujiya, izidingo zokumaka.

Akukhona nje ukuthola ingxenye eyenziwe. Kumayelana nokwenza ukuthi yenziwe ngokungaguquki, iqoqo ngemva kwenqwaba. Uzakwethu omuhle wezobuchwepheshe endaweni enjalo uzoba nemishini yelebhu ye-metallurgical ukuze anikeze izitifiketi, hhayi nje isithembiso. Iwebhusayithi ingase ithi isebenzela izimakethe zomhlaba wonke, kodwa ubufakazi busekuzimiseleni kwabo nasemandleni abo ukuhlangabezana nezindinganiso ezithile zamazwe ngamazwe njenge-ASTM noma i-DIN, hhayi nje i-GB. Leso isihlungi engihlala ngisisebenzisa.

Ukwehluka Kwesicelo-Esicacisiwe kanye Nezifundo

Ngalé kwefomu le-hex eliyisisekelo, amantongomane omgcini enza umsebenzi wawo. Amantongomane ane-castelated anamaphini e-cotter awukhiye wakudala oqondile wamashafu azungezayo emishinini. Iqhinga lapha ukuqondanisa i-drill. Uma imbobo kubhawodi ingahambisani kahle nama-castellations ku-torque efanele, ungaba ngaphansi kwe-torque ukuze uyifake umugqa noma i-torque ngaphezulu kwe-slot elandelayo. Futhi akukho okuhle. Umkhuba ongcono kakhulu ukusebenzisa intambo enephimbo elihle, elikunikeza ukunyuswa kwe-angular ukuze uqondaniswe, kuncishiswe ukuyekethisa kwetorque.

Bese unamantongomane omgcini we-flange. Ubuso obuhlanganisiwe bewasha lusabalalisa umthwalo futhi bungahlukaniswa ukuze bulume endaweni yokukhwelana ukuze kukhiywe okuthuthukisiwe. Ngikucacisile lokhu kumihlangano eyinhlanganisela lapho udinga ukuvimbela ukuchotshozwa kwe-laminate. Indawo ebanzi yokuthwala ibalulekile. Kodwa qaphela ama-serrations—uma indawo yokukhwelana iyi-aluminium ethambile noma isiphetho esipendiwe, ama-serrations angakwazi ukumba futhi enze ukulungisa okuzayo kube buhlungu, ngokuvamile kuklebhule impahla. Ngezinye izikhathi i-flange ebushelelezi enewasha eboshiwe iwucingo olungcono.

Okunye okuthakasela kakhulu ukwehluleka engikuhlaziyile kwakungomzila wezinga lokushisa eliphezulu. Basebenzisa insimbi yonke, ukumelana nokushisa amantongomane omgcini. Babambe ekuqaleni. Kodwa ngesikhathi sokuhamba ngebhayisikili okushisayo, amazinga okunweba okuhlukile phakathi kwentongomane (i-stainless) kanye ne-carbon steel flange kubangele ukuthi umthwalo we-clamp uhluke kakhulu. Amantongomane awazange akhululeke ngomqondo wendabuko, kodwa uphawu lwehlulekile ngoba i-gasket ilahlekelwe ukucindezelwa ezingeni lokushisa elidlulele. Ukulungiswa kwakuhilela ukubala ama-coefficients ashisayo nokushintshela kuntokomane efanelana kangcono ne-flange, kanye nokusebenzisa i-helical spring washer ukuze kugcinwe ukungezwani. Bekuyisikhumbuzo sokuthi umsebenzi wonozinti uyaguquguquka uma imvelo injalo.

I-Adjustment Factor kanye Namaqiniso Enkundla

I-nati lomgcini livame ukusho ukulungiswa kwesikhathi esizayo. Leli iphuzu lefilosofi yokuklama. Kufanele ucabange ukuthi uchwepheshe osenkundleni uzoba namathuluzi ayisisekelo, okungenzeka agugile futhi ngeke abe nesikrufu setorque esilinganiselwe ngesonto eledlule. Umklamo kufanele uxolele. Isibonelo, ukusebenzisa isistimu ye-double-nut (indlela ye-jam nut) njengomgcini kuyaziwa ngokuzwela inqubo efanele-ukuqinisa inati eliyinhloko, bese umgcini ngokumelene nalo. Emkhakheni, ngokuvamile zivele zihlehle zombili phansi ndawonye, ​​ziqede umphumela wokukhiya. Uma ukulungiswa kulindelwe, idizayini enenkomba ebonakalayo—njengophawu lofakazi noma intambo ephumela ngenani elithile idlule inathi—ithembeke kakhulu kunokuthembela enqubweni ephelele.

Ukugcotshwa kungenye inkambu eguquguqukayo. Uyawacacisa yini amantongomane agcotshwe ngaphambilini? Uma kunjalo, ngani? Noma ucabanga ukuthi abasebenzi basensimini bazosebenzisa ukulwa nokushaqa? Ngike ngabona ama-assemblies lapho okokuthambisa okufakwe efekthri komile noma kukhanga izinhlayiya, kuphendulwa unamathisele ohuqayo ogqoke imicu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngibone imihlangano eyomile inyongo futhi ibamba ngesikhathi sokulungiswa kokuqala. Ayikho impendulo yomhlaba wonke. Okwe-a umgcini nut ku-stainless steel stud ezobona ukulungiswa okungajwayelekile endaweni eyomile, ifilimu eyomile ye-molybdenum disulfide ingase icaciswe. Kokuthile okuzohlinzekwa njalo endaweni emanzi, i-anti-seise esekelwe ethusi ivamile. Ishidi lokucaciswa kufanele likubeke ngokucacile.

Ekugcineni, isistimu yonozinti ethembeke kakhulu engiyifakile imvamisa ilula kakhulu elandisa ngezinto zabantu. Ilokhi ye-nylon-insert (inayilokhi) ilungele ukulungiswa kwesikhathi esisodwa noma okungajwayelekile, njengoba okokufaka kugqoka. I-locknut yentambo ehlanekezelwe ingcono ekulungiseni okuningi. Ngaphandle kokulungiswa, i-torque nut ephethe isiqephu noma ikhemikhali-locker ingaba ngcono kakhulu. Inketho ayikho kukhathalogi kuphela; isemdwebeni, eneziqondiso ezicacile. Umehluko phakathi kwengxenye ehlala impilo yomshini kanye naleyo ebangela ukuphinda ushaye ucingo. Leso isilinganiso sangempela sikanozinti.